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This article considers the reception of the liberal concept of freedom in Russian conservatism as exemplified by K. N. Leontyev and L. A. Tikhomirov. Reasoning in the framework of Russian philosophical organicism, each philosopher insists on his own approach to analysing social phenomena. It is ...

According to Kant, “right in a state of nature is called private right” (MS, AA VI, S. 242). It is my claim that there is no room for a right to enforce the offer of benefits in the private right. Firstly, I will show how the concept of an innate right to freedom provides no conceptual foundation for a right to enforcement of alleged duties of cooperation. Since my argument is much more conceptual than hermeneutical, Isaiah Berlin’s analysis of negative liberty in “Two Concepts of Liberty” will be...

Kant scholars have rarely addressed the notion of optimism as it was interpreted by the Königsbergian philosopher in the mid-18th century. The notion originates from Leibniz’s Theodi­cy and from debates over whether the actual world is the best of all possible worlds. The first of a two-part series, this article studies the historical context in which appeared Kant’s 1759 lecture advertisement leaflet entitled An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism. The study describes the requirements of the...

This article suggests that rationality has to be treated as one of the basic categories of liberal philosophy. Together with freedom and equality, rationality lies at the anthropological core of liberalism, which makes it stand out among other political theories. The development of the main models of rationality relied upon by various liberal ...

... Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, 2001. 8. Rawls J. Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory // The Journal of Philosophy. 1980. № 9. P. 515—572. 9. Rawls J. Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Cambridge, 2000. 10. Rawls J. Political Liberalism. New York, 1993. 11. Rawls J. Themes in Kant’s Moral Philosophy // Collected Papers. 1989. P. 140—159. 12. Rawls J. A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition. Cambridge, 1999. 13. Sandel M. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice: Second Edition....

... recent actions taken by the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the EU against its member states and energy monopolists who directly or indirectly breach the rules of competition in the energy sector. The authors come to the conclusion that liberalization of the European energy sector will eventually have serious theoretical and practical consequences for the EU, as well as third countries, including Russia. 1. Braun, J. 2011, EU Energy Policy under the Treaty of Lisbon Rules: Between ...

... letters, and memoirs of representatives of Warsaw positivism and concludes that the suppression of the uprising in 1863-1864 contributed significantly to the formation of the ideology of this philosophical movement. Positivists openly condemned the Polish liberation movement, believing that armed conflicts would lead to the disappearance of the Polish nation. Despite this, they held great respect for the participants of the January Uprising, simultaneously realizing the futility of armed methods in the ...

This article is devoted to the investigation of forensic and psychological features of persons sentenced to restriction of liberty on the basis of a psychological and sociological analysis of persons sentenced to restriction of freedom registered at penal institutions of the Kaliningrad region. An analysis of the results of the study suggest that, during the sentence period, those sentenced to restriction of freedom either do not reject the commonly accepted norms, values, and behavior patterns or...

This article is devoted to the activities of the Russian patriotic anti-Soviet organization All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People, which operated in the Soviet Union in the 1960s. The author examines the ideological basis, program, composition, and structure of the Union and describes the role of the organization in Russian national-patriotic opposition ...

The article analyses the acute problems of the observance of rights to personal liberty and immunity, provided by the Article 5 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the light of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of the Russian Federation. 1.        Конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод от 4.11.1950 г. // Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации. 2001. № 2. Ст. 163. 2.        Конвенция о правовой помощи...

... kulturphilosophische Essays. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, pp. 42-59. Hessen, S. I., 1924. The Collapse of Utopianism. Sovremennye zapiski / Annales Contemporaines, 19, pp. 277-295. (In Russ.) Hessen, S. I., 1924—1927. The Problem of Legal Socialism (Evolution of Liberalism). Sovremennye zapiski / Annales contemporaines, 22, pp. 257-293; 23, pp. 313-342; 27, pp. 382-430; 28, pp. 299-345; 29, pp. 308-342; 30, pp. 380-409; 31, pp. 328-358. (In Russ.) Hessen, S. I., 1932. The Idea of Social Right. Sovremennye zapiski ...

... morality and interpreted law as an insufficient but necessary prerequisite for harmonizing relations in a society. Hessen developed an original understanding of the ideal of state organisation — a democratic state that incorporates the principles of liberalism and socialism. 1. Gessen, S. I., 2010a, Moe zhizneopisanie [My biography], in: Gessen S. I. Izbrannoe [Selected works], Moscow, p. 772—827. 2. Gessen, S. I., 2010b, Pravovoe gosudarstvo i socialism [Legal state and socialism], in: Gessen ...

Kant has a reputation of one of the chief proponents of political liberalism. However, some of his important ideas can qualify as conservative. Their consequences are reaching far enough to sug¬gest a reevaluation of Kant as an unconditional liberal. Kant's generally liberal understanding of aims and values of a political ...

... from the position of a “legal socialist”, selecting from his heritage those parts of German socialist doctrines that to his mind experienced a departure from a recent flowering of Kantian ideas in Neo­Kantianism and the collapse of traditional liberalism in the wake of the First World War. The fact that the text was first published in the Berlin­based Russian liberal newspaper “Rul’”, gives us reason to see it not just as a formal jubilee tribute, but as an act addressed to the qualified ...

This article considers the content of concepts liberalisation of education, education content pertaining to humanities, humanisation of physical education, humanities, and cognition in humanities. 1. Вербицкая Л. Гуманитарное образование в современной России // Выс­шее образование в России. 1996. №   1. С. 79—84. 2. Визитей Н.   Н. Физическая культура личности (Проблемы человеческой те­лестности: методические, социально-философские, педагогические аспекты). Кишинев, 1998. С. 3—25. 3....

This article considers the issues of improving the efficacy of pardon committees in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The author puts forward proposals concerning the improvement of the criminal and penal legislations and emphasises the need for the restoration of certain institutions of the civil society that successfully functioned as early as the Soviet period. 1. Порядок издания актов об амнистии и помиловании» // Виртуальный юридический справочник. URL: http://www...

The anarchist philosophy of Alexey Borovoy was developed under the influence of Henri Bergson’s intuition concept. Borovoy brought together the ideas proposed by Bergson, Bakunin, and Sorel. He combined the theory of anarchism and the practice of revolutionary syndicalism. Bergson’s ideas of liberty, creativity, irrationalism, and personalism underlie Borovoy’s anarchist philosophy. 1.      Арефьев М.   А., Давыденкова А.   Г., Гарявин А.   Н. Михаил Бакунин и Анри Бергсон о «философии...

... world is increasingly impacted by a corrosion of social bonds and aggressive habits expressed, for instance, in hate speech in the social media. Significantly, such phenomena have not been prevented from evolving within the framework of constitutional liberal states. In search of an appropriate mode of challenging the current social pathologies, we should examine Kant’s claim that, alongside the “juridico-civil (political) state”, an “ethico-civil state”, uniting human beings “under laws ...

... Zeitschrift für Philosophie der Kultur, 2(1), pp. 92-113. Hessen, S., 1915. Die Philosophie der Strafe. Logos. Internationale Zeitschrift für Philosophie der Kultur, 5(2), pp. 173-218. Hessen, S. I., 1924-1927. The Problem of Legal Socialism (Evolution of Liberalism). Sovremennye zapiski / Annales contemporaines, 22, pp. 257-293; 23, pp. 313-342; 27, pp. 382-430; 28, pp. 299-345; 29, pp. 308-342; 30, pp. 380-409; 31, pp. 328-358. (In Rus.) Hessen, S. I., 1932. The Idea of Social Right. Sovremennye zapiski ...

n this article, which completes a two-part series on the problem of optimism in Kant’s works, I explore in detail the arguments advanced by the Crusians A. F. Reinhard and D. Weymann against the actual world as the best of all possible worlds and in favour of the actual world as one of the good worlds, Kant’s counterarguments put forward in the mid-1750s drafts and in An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism (1759), and further polemical attacks on this topic against Kant by D. Weymann in his works...

In his popular 1806 lectures on religion Fichte considered five possible worldviews in the second of which, “the standpoint of legality”, one can readily recognise the ethics of law of the Stoical and Kantian type. Fichte stresses that in his youth he himself shared this worldview. However, he hastens to adduce a series of original arguments to show that this position is essentially incapable of delivering a pure and higher moral doctrine. I examine the substance of these critical arguments in the...

... Petersburg (in Russ.). Dragomanov, M. P., 1876. Turki vnutrennie i vneshnie: Pis'mo k izdatelyu “Novogo vremeni” [Turks internal and external: Letter to the publisher of “New Time”]. Genève: Bale; Lyon: H. Georg (in Russ.). Kitaev, V. A., 2004. Liberal'naya mysl' v Rossii (1860—1880 gg.) [Liberal Thought in Russia (1860—1880)]. Saratov (in Russ.). Konstantinov, A., 1979. Izbrannoe [Favorites]. Moscow (in Russ.). Kozhina, E. F., 1969. Romanticheskaya bitva: Ocherki frantsuzskoi romanticheskoi ...

... spravedlivosti Djona Roulsa) [Justice as contract (critical analysis of the John Rawls’ theory of justice)], in: Problemy politicheskoi filosofii [Issues of political philosophy]. Moscow. S. 69—85. 2. Kuzmina, A. B. 1998, Ideya spravedlivosti v liberal’noi tradicii [Idea of justice in liberal tradition]. Moscow. 3. Rawls, J. 2006, Spravedlivost’ kak chestnost’ [Justice as fairness] // Logos [Logos]. No. 1 (52). S. 35—60. 4. Rawls, J. 2009, Teoriya spravedlivosti [A theory of justice]....

... state of law and socialism. Trans. S. Mazurek]. Warsaw. 54. Kojkol J. 2001 (a), Kultura i wychowanie w filozoficznej wizji edukacji Sergiusza Hessena [Culture and education in Sergey Hessen’ philosophical vision of education] // Czlowiek i kultury. Liber amicorum. Studia poswiecone profesorowi Miroslawowi Nowaczykowi / pod red. Z. Stachowskiego [Man and cultures. Liber amicorum. Studies dedicated to Professor Miroslaw Nowaczyk / ed. Z. Stachowski]. Warsaw — Tyczyn, p. 85—98. 55. Kojkol J. 2001 ...

This article is devoted to the correlation between liberal and socialist ideas in the social and philosophical conception of the prominent methodologist of social sciences and a Neo-Kantian legal theorist Bogdan Kistyakovsky. The author stresses the uncertainty of both the definition of liberalism and ...

This article focuses on the interpretation of Immanuel Kant’s political views in V. Gerhardt’s “existential liberalism”. The author considers the basic elements of the “theory of politics” presented in this interpretation, emphasises the components of interpretation per se and additional reception, and offers a critical analysis of certain conclusion ...

... framework of their concept, the analysis shows that the democratic peace theory misinterprets many ideas of Kant. 1. Babst D. Elective Goverments — A Force for Peace // The Wisconsian Sociologist.1964. Vol. 3, № 1. Р. 9—14. 2. Doyle M. W. Kant, Liberal Legacies and Foreign Affairs // Philosophy and Public Affairs. 1983. I, II (12). Р. 205—235, 323—353. 3. Geis A., Müller H., Wagner W. (Hg.) Schattenseiten des Demokratischen Friedens.Zur Kritik einer Theorie liberaler Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik....

In the 18th century, a philosophical dispute over the Principle of sufficient reason arose in Germany. Despite the fact that this Principe was explicitly formulated by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz only at the end of the 17th century, a major dispute about it was triggered by Christian Wolff who had considerable influence on the German philosophy of Enlightenment. In German Metaphysic, he presented the “strong” definition of the principle and its proof. As a result, freedom was restricted, because the...

... and attempts at demonising the image of the Red Army in the modern Western historiography. It is concluded that the key factor behind this approach is the aspiration to misrepresent the role of the USSR in the destruction of Hitler’s Germany and the liberation of Europe from the Nazi slavery, which results in the thesis that the entry of the Red Army was not an act of liberation but rather the beginning of a new occupation, which was even worse that the Nazi one. 1. Амброз С. День «Д»....

... portrayals of Russian military personnel and government officials, Kraszewski’s writings also contain positive depictions of ordinary Russian people, characterized by their basic humanity. Kosko D.A. January Uprising, Russification, fiction, Polish liberation movement, tsarism 34-42 10.5922/vestnikhum-2025-1-4

The concept of “moral sense”, introduced into the philosophical lexicon by Ashley-Cooper Shaftesbury and Francis Hutcheson, has found a place in the teachings of many thinkers. Immanuel Kant was one of them. The position of the theory of moral sense, which exerted a formative influence on Kant’s moral philosophy, varied as it evolved from the pre-critical to the critical period of Kant’s work. In order to find out what this influence was, I first reconstructed the views of Shaftesbury on the nature...

In his book Appearance and Sense Gustav Shpet, comparing Immanuel Kant’s transcendental logic with the traditional probleтs of the philosophy of language, thought it appropriate and conceptually effective to turn to the medieval scholastic debate on universals. Later, in the Hermeneutics and Its Problems, he goes back to this discussion and notes that it was the framework in which the thirteenth-century tradition of “terminist” logic was formed. Shpet attributed the fruitfulness of this approach...