Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
... speech at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs on 14 December 1999:
Unfortunately, most if not all people outside Estonia talk about something called ‘The Baltics’.
I think it is time to do away with poorly fitting, externally imposed categories. It is time that we recognize that we are dealing with three very different countries in the Baltic area, with completely different affinities. There is no Baltic identity with a common culture, language group, religious tradition.<4>
...
John Rawls’ interpretation of categorical imperative in “Theory of Justice”
John Rawls’s interpretation of Kant’s categorical imperative is reviewed, some significant aspects of Rawls’ treatment of key notions of rationality, interests and ends are revealed, which limit the possibilities of application of Kantian ethics within Rawls’ liberal egalitarianism.
1. Калинников Л. А. Категорический императив и телеологический метод // Кантовский сборник. 1988. С. 25—38. Вып. 13.
2. Кант...
Reception of Kant’s Epistemological Ideas in Fyodor Golubinsky’s Metaphysics
Kant’s views on space and time as well as his doctrine of the categories of understanding attracted the attention of thinkers belonging to the Russian spiritual-academic philosophical tradition of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A prominent representative of these was Fyodor Golubinsky. He was among ...
The justification of legal punishment in Kant’s philosophy
The subject matter of the article is the problem of justification of punishment within Kant’s practical philosophy. Modern interpretations tend to reduce this problem to the issue of “retributivism”: To what extent is Kant’s theory of punishment to be regarded as retributivist? While acknowledging the significance of this question the author stresses a more fundamental one lying behind it: Is a non-contradictory theory of punishment conceivable at all within Kant’s philosophy? It is demonstrated...
Kants Freiheitsargument. Diskussion von Heiko Puls: Sittliches Bewusstsein und Kategorischer Imperativ in Kants Grundlegung: Ein Kommentar zum dritten Abschnitt. Berlin und Boston: De Gruyter, 2016. 318 S.
Heiko Puls’ work Sittliches Bewusstsein und Kategorischer Imperativ in Kants Grundlegung: Ein Kommentar zum dritten Abschnitt, presents an attempt to show that, in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant’s argumentation for the objective value of the categorical imperative is almost based upon the same principle as the one presented in the second Critique. More precisely, Puls claims that, like in the Critique of Practical Reason, the Groundwork operates with some kind of fact of reason-theory...
Kant's philosophical ideas in Rober Nozik's political theory
Robert Nozik's political theory contains an attempt to utilize Kant's notion of individual freedom and the second formula of his categorical imperative (“the principle of humanity as an end in itself”) for the justification of his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the anthropological models of Kant's and Nozik's theories are incommensurable; b) different notions of human nature result in different understandings of...
Between Kant and Trendelenburg: On the Genealogy of Kudryavtsev-Platonov’s Theory of Cognition
... whose theory of cognition bears an imprint of the Kantian theoretical philosophy. Kudryavtsev was not only thoroughly familiar with the Königsberg thinker’s work, but offered a critically reinterpreted version of Kant’s teaching on space, time and categories of understanding. But was the Russian philosopher original in his reading and critique of Kant? In his later works Kudryavtsev often cites the works of Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg whose works turn out to be very close to the Russian philosopher....
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
..., this study enables a multidimensional examination of seaport performance and establishes a framework for efficiency analysis and evaluation, which is crucial for effective management. The methodological scheme and algorithm for analyzing different categories of managers further facilitate the practical application of the approach. Moreover, it can serve as a strategic tool for informing regional economic policies regarding logistics and transportation.
Introduction
The need to apply new technologies ...
Conceptual structure of the binary axiological opposition truth — lie
Axiological categories and the concepts they consist of have always been a major area of interest in science. The development of cognitive linguistics has opened new perspectives for the study of axiological events, categories and concepts within them. This article ...
Absoluter Wert in Kants Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten
In the second section of the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant introduces the concept of an end in itself and defines it as something whose existence has an absolute value. He continues with the assertion that the ground of a possible categorical imperative lies solely in this end in itself. Now Kant, in his remarks on the realm of ends, also operates with the notions of an end in itself and absolute value — seemingly in a different way, however. Thus, in the remarks on the realm of...
Kant's categorical imperative as a subject of critical analysis
This article is an attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the core of Kant's ethics — the categorical imperative. The author considers and analyses critical comments of different philosophers and specialists in Kant's philosophy regarding the categorical imperative.
1. Alquié F. La morale de Kant. Paris, 1974.
2. Cohen H. Begründung der Ethik. Berlin, 1910.
3. Pothast J. Die Unzulänglichkeit der Freiheitsleweise. Frankfurt a/M, 1980.
4. Дробницкий О. Г. Кант — этик...
Immanuel Kant: freedom, sin, forgiveness
This article offers a comparative analysis of Kant's moral philosophy and the philosophy of Sade revealing the paradoxes of the categorical imperative. The satisfaction of the requirement of the categorical imperative is, on the one hand, a single and unique act and, on the other hand, a permanent and universal one. Although the familiarity with the categorical imperative does not always result in a moral action, the familiarity itself alongside the idea of forgiveness may be considered as a manifestation...
The Transcendental Deduction of Categories as Philosophical Proof
My aim is to reconstruct the basic steps and the fundamental idea of Kant’s transcendental deduction of categories as well as Hegel’s interpretation and reframing of Kant’s idea. Hegel’s reading is crucial for two reasons: first, for fixing the basic form of the Kantian argument and secondly, for understanding its metaphilosophical relevance. For ...
Kant and the New Enlightenment: On the Balance between Duty and Utilitarian Ends
The relation between Kant’s philosophy and the “philosophy of balance” as it is described in the report Come on! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet, delivered to the Club of Rome in 2018, requires some analysis. The authors of the report consider Kant to be a philosopher of European Enlightenment which laid the foundations of the modern world, but also proved to be the source of global problems. The report characterises the philosophy of the Enlightenment...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
The importance of studying the reputation of authorities is connected, on the one hand, with the formation of a consolidated system of political power and, on the other hand, with the highly social orientation of the category of the ‘reputation of authorities’, reflecting the value-based attitude of citizens towards them. The article presents the results of research aimed at the analysis of the reputation of Russian authorities, with a special focus on the regional branch of executive power....
The category of pity in «The Great Divorce» by C.S. Lewis and «The Lord of the Rings» by J.R.R. Tolkien
... Divorce” in order to refute the famous artistic idea of William Blake about a fruitful union or the marriage of Heaven and Hell, which personifies the creative mixture of good and evil, and as a result, the blurring of the boundaries of the main ethical categories, manifested in the moral relativism of man of the twentieth (and, perhaps, the twenty-first) centuries. The genre of the text “The Lord of the Rings” by Tolkien can be defined as an epic fantasy dedicated to the eternal struggle of good ...
Levels of context: how textual analysis becomes discourse analysis: the case of Internet lifestyle media
Today the so-called problem of discourse should boil down to (1) identifying relevant contextual variables, (2) matching these to specific linguistic categories, and (3) operationalizing the former vis-à-vis the latter. Having posited this, the purpose of the article is twofold. In a more theoretical sense, the purpose is to outline one possible model of context each 'tier' of which is potentially ...
The Ethics of the Categorical Imperative. Lossky under the Influence of Kant
The Russian intuitivist philosopher Nikolay Lossky repeatedly admitted Kant’s substantial formative influence on him as a scholar. Moreover, Lossky was a disciple of the Russian Kantian Aleksander Vvedensky, and was one of the most successful translators of the first Critique. However, his own philosophical project is rather the opposite of the critical programme. While in the framework of Lossky’s epistemology the specificities of his reading of Kant have received a fair amount of attention...
The Emergence of Onto-Gnoseology among Russian Intuitivists as Criticism of Neo-Kantianism
... closer together. One can observe this process, for example, in the philosophical doctrines of the Russian intuitivists Nikolay Lossky and Semyon Frank. I demonstrate that the emergence of these doctrines and the development of their onto-gnoseological categorial apparatus were mainly connected with the criticism of the Neo-Kantian theory of cognition and the possibility of transcendent knowledge as such. The main sources of my study are The Intuitive Basis of Knowledge and The World as an Organic Whole ...
The Problem of the Relationship between Apperception, Self-Consciousness and Consciousness in Kant’s Critical Philosophy
... faculties. The importance of this problem stems from the colossal significance of each of the above-mentioned faculties which are intimately connected with Kant’s formulation of the key tasks of transcendental philosophy. The prime task is to discover the categories of understanding and to prove the legitimacy of their use, a task that is further complicated by the difference between the editions of the Critique of Pure Reason in terms of the argumentation in the section on the deduction of categories ...
Kategorische Rechtsprinzipien in Zeiten der Postmoderne. Interview mit Prof. Dr Otfried Höffe
This interview explores the extent to which Kant’s philosophy, which postulates certain moral principles categorically, has influenced the contemporary theory of justice. Many academics believe such principles to be relative and emphasise that justice lies beyond the remit of science. Otfried Höffe is convinced that categorical legal principles remain a valid subject for an academic discussion. In his works, he often appeals to Kantian philosophy. In the interview, Prof. Dr. О. Höffe refers...
The categorical imperative of the karma-yogin
This article offers a comparison of certain fundamental ethical ideas of Eastern philosophical traditions with Kant's categorical imperative aiming to corroborate the thesis about the moral unity of humanity and give a moral assessment of the state of Russian society.
1. Вивекананда С. Карма-йога. Пг., 1916.
2. Дао дэ цзин / пер. Ян Хин-шуна. СПб., 2011.
3. Кант И. Основы метафизики нравственности // Кант И...
Some remarks on the concept and function of Kant’s theory of schematism in the Critique of Pure Reason
... distinguishing the Doctrine of Schematism from the Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding. This provides clarity on the function of schematism. The author conceives of schematism as something entirely new to the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories, namely, as preparation for the use of categories as predicates in sentences known as the ‘Principles of Understanding’ referring to phaenomena (appearances in time and space) rather than the undetermined concept of objects in general. ...
I. Kant’s and E. Husserl’s practical philosophy
This article focuses on the problem of reconciling a priori and empirical dimensions of freedom, will, and action as the crucial point for understanding the relationship between theoretical and practical reason in Kant’s and Husserl’s practical philosophy. Relying on the explanation of the relationship between transcendental and practical freedom given in Kant's practical philosophy, the author problematizes Kant’s thesis about the primacy of practical reason. This is the starting point and...
The subjects of legal monitoring of Justice of the Peace
... in accordance with legal norms, criteria for the lawfulness of the implementation of actions, restrictions. Manifestations of positive legal responsibility should be sought not in specific legal norms, but in the legislatively established valuation categories. Evaluation categories act as a measure of discretion in the exercise of subjective rights, when the dispute is resolved by the law enforcer.
1. Чепус А. В. Теория позитивной юридической ответственности....
Ideas of Kant’s theoretical philosophy in Peirce’s graph theory
... him to the problem of cognition and increment of knowledge. Peirce was never a Kantian but the oeuvre of the Königsberg philosopher had a profound effect on all of his further works. The major elements of Kant’s theory (transcendental deduction of categories, classification of judgements, synthetic and analytic judgement dichotomy, etc.) were substantially modified by Peirce. He reduced the number of categories, changed their content, and transformed analytic and synthetic judgements into ampliative ...
The study of the organization of the concept ‘system’ in the Russian language consciousness
The article analyses certain types and results of the categorization of system objects reflected in the modern Russian language. Using methods of traditional and cognitive semantics, the author explores linguistic representations of categorization levels in the understanding of the ‘system’ phenomenon. The author attempts to correlate the identified classification rubrics with various knowledge formats as well as to consider the structure and content of these rubrics in the context of everyday...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... has been put on hold; the opposite scenario is also possible. Moreover, a historical-cultural region can be defined legally but still lacks a governing body (see [5, p. 67, 71]).
Region-building relations allow dividing regions into two opposing categories:
1) regions of cooperation or integration — the EU, the EAEU, the Baltic region until 2014;
2) regions of conflict. These are transboundary grey zones characterised by sanctions, confrontation and peacemaking efforts, such as transboundary ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... and migrants. This allowed the Danish authorities to focus on the integration of non-Western migrants who lived in the ghetto.
These changes in integration policy again affected the definitions of a ghetto and divided disadvantaged areas into three categories: ‘vulnerable residential areas’, ‘ghettos’ and ‘hard ghettos’ (hårde ghetto). A ‘vulnerable area’ had to meet at least two of five criteria: ‘50 % of residents are immigrants and their descendants from non-Western countries’,...
The Problem of the Possibility of an Artificial Moral Agent in the Context of Kant’s Practical Philosophy
The question of whether an artificial moral agent (AMA) is possible implies discussion of a whole range of problems raised by Kant within the framework of practical philosophy that have not exhausted their heuristic potential to this day. First, I show the significance of the correlation between moral law and freedom. Since a rational being believes that his/her will is independent of external influences, the will turns out to be governed by the moral law and is autonomous. Morality and freedom...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... analyzing the situation in municipalities is the Indicators of Municipalities (IM) database. It contains statistics on industrial shipping, retail turnover, employment and payroll by OKVED (Russian National Classifier of Types of Economic Activity) categories. The major limitation here is the lack of data on small businesses. Since the role of small businesses varies across industries and municipalities, it is impossible to gain a complete and objective understanding of the scale and structure of ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... Engineering (EGISU NIOKTR — Rosrid.ru). Out of the data on 150 thousand R&D projects downloaded and compiled, only projects launched in 2019—2021 were selected. The array of information included project titles and abstracts, keywords and subject categories, the amount and source of funding, customers and performers.
In the second stage, the authors selected enterprises from the SPARK-Interfax database using the primary national registration numbers (OGRN) of consumers and performers. There are ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... ‘Denmark must also take part in building up the European defence industry and in strengthening the engagement of our companies with regard to international collaboration for the benefit of our security, prosperity, and welfare’.<39>
Conclusion. The categories of reputation, significance and status in strategic culture studies
The analysis of Denmark’s foreign policy strategies highlights its ambition to be more than an ordinary member of NATO, to be part of the ‘privileged circle’ of US allies ...
Tool-Kit for Ethical Analysis of Video Games: Answer to the Challenges of the New Enlightenment
The authors of the idea of a “new Enlightenment”, Ernst von Weizsäcker and Anders Wijkman, in their 2018 report to the Club of Rome analyse the causes of the explosive development of science and technology in the Modern period and come to the conclusion that their triumph and existential threats stem in many ways from the ideals of Enlightenment, so that the future of humankind depends crucially on an ideological rethinking of man’s status in the world. They stress the need to enhance the...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... higher importance on the width of the range of “sanctioned” products.
2
Ways to purchase “sanctioned” goods in the Kaliningrad region
According to the study, residents of the Kaliningrad region demonstrate a high level of loyalty towards certain categories of “sanctioned” products. These include cheeses, sausages, other meat products, and milk products (Fig. 3). This clearly correlates with the level of the region’s self-sufficiency in these goods. The least important for the respondents ...
Space and Time as A Priori Forms in the Works of Hermann Cohen and Ivan Lapshin
... construction of the object of knowledge. In Cohen’s account space and time pre-establish the language of observation and found all scientific-theoretical work. Lapshin, on the other hand, in discussing the formal and substantive features of these categories (the introduction of “axioms” of time, the need to specify the concepts of time and space through other categories), notes that their use in scientific judgment implies an epistemological givenness of the concept of the object. This I see ...
Categorical Moral Requirements
This paper defends the doctrine that moral requirements are categorical in nature. My point of departure is John McDowell’s 1978 essay, “Are Moral Requirements Hypothetical Imperatives?”, in which McDowell argues, against Philippa Foot, that moral reasons are not conditional upon agents’ desires and are, in a certain sense, inescapable. After expounding McDowell’s view, exploring his idea that moral requirements “silence” other considerations and discussing its particularist ethos,...
Naturalising Kant
The third formulation of the Categorical Imperative rarely receives the attention devoted to its predecessors. This paper aims to develop a naturalistic approach to morality inspired by Kant’s conception of moral agents as legislating in a Kingdom of Ends. Positions derived from the third formulation, John Rawls’s Kantian Constructivism and T. M. Scanlon’s Contractualism, cleave closely to Kant in idealising the process of legislation. For Rawls, the citizens of the Kantian Reich can be reduced...
Entertainment and education through literary translation in a diaspora newspaper. Literary translations in Prosveta, a newspaper of Slovene-American émigré community
... translations in the period from its establishment in 1916 to 1933 when it began appearing only five days a week and its circulation began to fall. We analyzed 5273 issues of Prosveta, identified all literary translations, and classified them into three categories. The results show that the choice of authors whose works were translated and published in the newspaper reflects the ideological positioning of the editors and newspaper, and blurs the distinction between two categories of translated works: ...
Intellectualization of operational and technological control of regional electric power by cognitive hybrid intelligent systems. Part 3
Substantial thinking is traditional for a modern person, who is characterized by a description of the world as a set of spatially localized objects-things-resources. The language of operational-technological control was developed on the basis of the tradition of A. V. Kolesnikova — V. F. Ponomarev's semiotic, multilingual representation of operational and technological control of a certain class of complex systems, the basis of which is a verbal-sign, relational language for describing situations...
On poetic emotiology in poetry and beyond
... emotives — linguistic signs of emotions. The part of the article that deals with poetry interprets emotives in multiple aspects: in the aspect of the grammar of poetic language and in their figurative representation. Within the frames of such grammatical categories as the imperative and subjunctive moods, emotives acquire typologically significant cognitive and semantic characteristics: a drive to display emotions, desire and the unattainability of the desired. The semantic features of emotives are revealed ...
God’s Law or Categorical Imperative: on Crusian Issues of Kantian Morality
The ethics of Kant and the ethics of Crusius are strikingly similar. This is manifested in a whole range of principles and concepts. Crusius’ moral teaching hinges on the rigorous moral law which has to be obeyed absolutely, and which makes it different from other prescriptions that are binding only to a relative degree. This is very close to the Kantian distinction between hypothetical and categorical imperatives. Another salient feature of Crusius’ moral teaching is the stress laid on the sphere...
Operational thinking in the structure of the diagnostic thinking of a modern teacher-psychologist
Diagnostic thinking is a vital professional component of many occupations, in particular, of a teacher-psychologist. The purpose of the study was to identify the place and role of various mental operations in the structure of diagnostic search carried out by a teacher-psychologist. The article explores cognitive operations used by a teacher-psychologist within the framework of a diagnostic algorithm. These operations are differentiated for various stages of diagnosis; their priorities are established...
Darwinism as the Missing Link in Kant’s Critical Philosophy
... dictates, however, a substantial restructuring of the latter since some of its key elements prove to be weak in the light of modern studies and need to be revised or even reversed. The first reversal explored in this article determines the origin of the categories which are now revealed not “from the top down” where Kant sought them, i. e. not in logical functions in accordance with metaphysical deduction and not in self-consciousness as transcendental deduction claims, but “from the bottom up” ...
Conceptual-Visual Basis of Functional Hybrid Intelligent Diagnostic Systems
The paper considers the elements and specialities of the diagnostic in the medical field. There is also proposed the categorical kernel of the functional hybrid intellectual diagnostic systems with cognitive visualization of problems in medicine. Such systems would give the opportunity to smooth the conflicting symptomatic data and would make the processes of negotiation of the diagnostic problem visible and contrastive.
1. Румовская С. Б., Колесников А. В., Кириков...
Social media interfaces as a representation of cultural meanings
... meanings are employed in the users’ virtual self-presentation. I analysed Facebook and VKontakte – two large social media platforms originating from the countries with different cultural values and social expectations. My focus was on the principal categories of identification and virtual self-presentation. These are gender, sexuality, marital status, attitudes, and personal preferences. The comparative analysis of interfaces was carried out from the perspective of a change in the linguistic projection ...
On logical errors in Kant's table of judgements
... Cambridge University Press, 2005.
8. Reich K. Die Vollständigkeit der Kantischen Urteilstafel. Dritte Auflage. Hamburg:Felix Meiner Verlag, 1986.
9. Reich K. The Completeness of Kant's Table of Judgments. Stanford University Press, 1992.
10. Ryle G. Categories // Ryle G. Collected Papers. Vol. 2: Collected Essays. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1971.
11. Tonelli G. Die Voraussetzungen zur Kantischen Urteilstafel in der Logik des 18.Jahrhundert // Kritik und Metaphysik. Studien. Heinz Heimsoeth zum ...
Transcendental logic and analytic of concepts
...
13. Jansohn H. Kants Lehre von der Subjektivität. Bonn, 1969.
14. Rohs P. Transzendentale Logik. Meisenheim am Glan, 1976.
15. Swing T. K. Kant’s Transcendental Logic. New Haven; London, 1969.
pure synthesis, constituting of an object, table of categories, deduction of categories, functions, structure, rules and principles of transcendental logic
Semyonov V. Ye.
7-23
10.5922/0207-6918-2011-1-1
Some features of love and amorousness concepts in religious youth
... structure has led to identifying differences in the notions of love and amorousness among nonbelieving and believing respondents — members of the Protestant community. In the basis of the differences in the concept of love, respondents have followed the categories of "sacrifice", "god", "negative consequences". The hierarchy of coinciding categories in the respondents' views has reflected differences in two samples. The category of "physical intimacy" has been ...
Traditional Structures in Contemporary Chinese Poetry
This paper analyses structures typical of the classical Chinese poetry and the way they are used in contemporary Chinese verse. The analysis aims to demonstrate the work of traditional textual mechanisms in contemporary Chinese poetry and to describe their functional features. Poems by Dai Weina, Han Bo, Tashi Tentso, and Zhang Zao employ linguistic means that simultaneously engage several levels of utterances. These linguistic means include non-trivial semantic links created by means of phonographics...