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... Universality in Morality (2020), edited by Ruben Apressyan, are here critically examined. The book is based on the results of a large-scale study by professional ethical philosophers devoted to the question of the nature of universality in morality and the mechanisms of universalisation of individual maxims and norms from antiquity to modern ethical theories, represented above all by the analytical tradition in philosophy. Of great interest is the analysis of related phenomena in morality, which makes it ...

... elements of Kantian philosophy, adjusting them to prove the possibility of scientific-theoretical cognition and of overcoming psychologism and developing the logicistic approach to the critique of cognition. Each of the two authors developed their own “mechanism” of reducing space and time to a range of intellectual procedures for the construction of the object of knowledge. In Cohen’s account space and time pre-establish the language of observation and found all scientific-theoretical work. Lapshin,...

Are computers on the way to acquiring “superintelligence”? Can human deliberation and decision-making be fully simulated by the mechanical execution of AI programmes? On close examination these expectations turn out not to be well-founded, since algorithms (or, in Kantian terms, “imperatives of skill” that are implemented by technological means) do, ultimately, have “heteronomous” ...

.... Kant, 2010. Dzieła zebrine. T. 1. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, pp. 326-344. Kant, I., 2012a. Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces and Assessment of the Demonstrations that Leibniz and Other Scholars of Mechanics Have Made Use of in this Controversial Subject, Together with Some Prefatory Considerations Pertaining to the Force of Bodies in General. In: I. Kant. Natural Science, edited by E. Watkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-155. Kant,...

.... Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Translated and edited by G. Zöller, R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2008. Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens or An Essay on the Constitution and the Mechanical Ori­gin of the Entire Structure of the Universe Based on Newtonian Principles. Translated by I. Johnston. Arlington: Richer Resources Publications. Kant, I., 2011. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. A German-English Edition. Translated ...

... Press. Kant, I., 2002. Critique of Practical Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar. Introduction by S. Engstrom. Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett. Kant, I., 2015. Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens or Essay on the Constitution and the Mechanical Origin of the Whole Universe According to Newtonian Principles. Translated by O. Reinhardt. In: E. Watkins, ed. 2015. Kant: Natural Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 182-308. Kitcher, P., 1983. Kant’s Philosophy of Science....

..., 2012. Natural Science. Translated by J. B. Edwards and M. Schönfeld, edited by E. Watkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-155. Kant, I., 2012b. Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens or Essay on the Constitution and the Mechanical Origin of the Whole Universe According to Newtonian Principles. In: I. Kant, 2012. Natural Science. Translated by J. B. Edwards and M. Schönfeld, edited by E. Watkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 182-308. Kant, I., 2012c. New ...

The origin of science and the demarcation between science and metaphysics are the main features of early modern period. This demarcation faces a particular problem with conceptualisation of body, which can be considered both as just physical body and as closely bound up with spirit. Different ways of explaining the interaction between mind and body form the complex tradition, which significantly influenced Kant’s precritical writings. Limitation of the crucial distinction between these two substances...

This article seeks to compare Immanuel Kant's and Vladimir Solovyov's gnosiologies. The comparison is based on the philosophers' attitude to reflection — a basic cognitive mechanism. If, according to Kant, the acquisition of true knowledge is impossible without reflection (including transcendental reflection), Solovyov builds his theory of knowledge on entirely different grounds, therefore, he has to rely on God and intellectual ...

... [Selected works in 8 volumes]. Moscow, 1998. T. 8. 10. Shiller, F. 1955—1957, Sobranije sochinenij v 7 tomah [Selected works in 7 volumes]. Moscow, 1957. T. 6. 11. Schroedinger, E. 1976, Izbrannyje Trudy po kvantovoj mehanike [Selected Works on Quantum Mechanics]. Moscow. 12. Einstein, A. 1965—1967, Sobranije nauchnyh trudov v 4 tomah [The Collection of Scientific Works in 4 volumes]. Moscow, 1967. T. 4. 13. Goethe, J. W. 1904, Werke. Weimarer Ausgabe. Weimar, 1904. Abt. 1, Bd. 42, I. 14. Kristeva,...

... understood in mathematics and physics is an instance of Kant’s universal ‘anthropological’ apriorism and his understanding of the human being, morals, law, and history rather than the seeming ‘absolutisation’ of the Euclidean geometry and Newtonian mechanics. The possibility of metaphysics and the philosophical understanding of science is in knowing the human being. Understanding the essence of science requires grasping the scale of human dignity and the dignity and purpose of philosophy. The project ...

This article concludes the analysis of systematicity of the Critique of Pure Reason — the work that underlies the entire system created by the great Königsberg philosopher. The author considers the role of transcendental dialectic (it accounts for more than half of the book) in Kant’s methodology of science and the system of criticism. In the context of traditional epistemological theories, it was an entirely new instalment supplementing these theories and understanding knowledge as a continuous...

... politicians and instil moderate optimism in them. The article collates and systemises politicians’ and lawyers’ ideas of humans, the world, and politics. According to Kant’s philosophy of law, the model of an ideal society can be pictured as a mechanism. However, his philosophy of history and politics claims the opposite, inclining towards organicism. The methodological framework for argumentation analysis is V. Bryushinkin’s ‘cognitive approach’. The author identifies the historical ...

... philosophy actively used the notion of machine in its extended meaning, especially when describing both the world as a whole and its constituent bodies. Consequently, the initial meaning of that notion underwent peculiar changes: not only an artificial mechanism but also a natural organic body were defined as machines. A metaphysical comprehension of the notion of machine was developed predominantly in the framework of cosmology. 1. Васильев В. В. Философская психология ...

... definition of the conditions for its performance. Tolstoy understands prayer exclusively as an intimate, non-church appeal to God. Tolstoy believes that prayer should be carried out with complete abstraction from everything mundane. Tolstoy warns against mechanical prayer. He completely denies the prayer asking for personal well-being. Tolstoy’s understanding of prayer is dissonant with the conventional one.

... article describes ways to semanticise the biblical quasi-anthroponym ‘prodigal son’ in a poetic text, using the frame approach as a means of cognitive modelling and description. This approach helps to identify and characterise meaning construction mechanisms in a prec­edent onomastic sign, which conveys the conceptual meanings of the biblical text. The study proposes a new methodology for analysing the biblical anthroponym in a poetic text. The results obtained suggest that the realisation of ...

... integrative multi-dimensional means of testing and control. The author concludes that while the learning environment objectively acquires the characteristics of the digital environment, it integrates the value-motivational, refleсtive, and emotional mechanisms of identity development in the learning process. In the system of higher pedagogical education, the electronic portfolio becomes an integral part of the educational process organization. 1. Бодалев А. А. Личность и общение: ...

... proposes an algorithm of conceptual metaphors formation based on the identification of metaphors of the Praglejaz Group. The author attempts to describe the formation of the fol­lowing conceptual metaphors: ECONOMY IS A LIVING BEING and ECONOMY IS A MECHANISM. The initial research shows that the pro­posed algorithm needs further improvement since it does not cover all mental operations. 1. Глебкин В. В. Метафора механизма и теория концептуальной метафоры ...

... and allusions and archetypical models, as well as between current influences and generally valid archetypes. Special attention is given to the image of the Palace and to its spatial model, which works in the novel as a specific mean­ing-generating mechanism. The image of the Palace is viewed through its his­torical importance for the second half of the XIX century. It is as well regard­ed in its archetypical function, which organizes the artistic structure of the novel. Besides, the archetypical ...

... A component analysis makes it possible to identify the characteristics of formation of general linguistic terms. It is established that F. de Saussure's terminology (118 preterms) is based on existing lexical units of different systems. Tectological mechanisms transformed Saussure’s terminology into a linguistic terminological system consisting of 36 scientific terms. 1. Cardona T. R. Négativité, récursivité, incalculabilité, les quaternions dans 'De l'essence double du langage' // Cahiers ...

Through analysing the mechanisms of reception of modern Russian literature in Chinese literary criticism, the author shows that a Chinese reader has a predisposition to understand texts in the context of the urgent national problem of preserving traditions. This predisposition ...

... "World fit for children”, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Social Charter, the Strategy of the Council of Europe on the Rights of the Child. The documents are analysed in the light of the mechanism of pedagogical support for children. It is shown that the abovementioned documents, which guarantee the protection of rights, psychological and physical health and development of the child can be considered as the legal basis for the organization ...

The author analyses examples from the English language and, based on their analysis, investigates the mechanism of conceptual metonymy reflected in the syntactic structure of the utterance. Conceptual metonymy is considered as a factor determining the structure of the utterance describing a fragment of reality. The author explores models of metonymic ...

The article considers the Heideggerian principle of autonomy as a philosophical principle of self-dependence of Being, and its actualization in Murdoch’s works. The motif of autonomous reason as a «barrier»against the light of Being, the motif of mechanization of thought and feeling in the world of metaphysics completing itself, together with Platonic motifs and the esthetic diagnosis of the «death of light» in the 20th century (H. Zedlmayr), form the poetology of light in Murdoch’s works ...

... preparedness of future university teachers. This process of preparedness development is based on a didactic model implemented using the pedagogical metasubject competence and context-based technology. The author gives an overview of this technology and the mechanisms of its imple-mentation. The efficiency of using this didactic model in developing the inclusive preparedness of future teachers is stressed. 1. Проект Закона Республики Беларусь о внесении изменений ...

This article considers different types of imperative modality and the ways their meanings are manifested in the semantic structure of biblical idioms. It is assumed that, in biblical idioms, the formation of universal human values is based on the imperative modality represented by suggestives, requestives, and prescriptives. 1. Ваулина С. С., Пробст Н. А. Коммуникативная функция вопросительно-побудительной модальности в газетном дискурсе // Коммуникация как пред-мет междисциплинарных исследований...

... this development in different linguistic transformations. It is shown how the description of the vegetative cycle of oats (or the singularity/duality and plurality of subjects) is used to develop a time continuum, i. e. the year circle. The generation mechanism is opposed to the process of fragmentation and the identification of enti-ties and temporal intervals, which results in the instability of their ontological status. Everything becomes fiction. The article considers the forms of the au-thor’s ...

... ideal world of these works is considered in the light of sociocultural experience of totalitarian system, its later analysis and overcoming. The author address the writers’ interest in the psychological determination of enslavement and the unconscious mechanism of rejecting freedom. 1. Достоевский Ф. М. Братья Карамазовы // Полное собр. соч. : в 30 т. СПб.,1990. Т. 14. 2. Кафка Ф. В исправительной колонии // Собрание ...

... расстройства (клиника, эпидемиология, терапия, модели медицинской помощи) // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии. 1999. Т. 99, № 4. С. 4—16. 7. Breuer J., Freud S. On the psychical mechanism of hysterical phenomena: Pre-liminary communication // Studies on Hysteria. N. Y., 1893. P. 3—17. 8. Engel G. L. The concept of psychosomatic disorder // J. Psychosom. Res. 1967. № 11. Р. 3—9. 9. Green J. W., Walker L. S. Psychosomatic ...

Using the “personal-social” antinomy, the author analyses the results of a historical and pedagogical reconstruction of the 1960s— 80s theoretical and practical studies on the development of cognitive interests in cadets within the training process at military schools. The analysis helps to identify the conditions for critical and creative application of these results in humanising the system of military education in modern Russia. 1. Артемьева О. А. Активизация познавательной деятельности курсантов...

This article discusses the features of the author’s modal evaluations in the texts of the first Russian newspaper Vedomosti. The article identifies modal evaluative meanings and the language means of their implementation and analyses the mechanism of interaction between objectively modal and subjectively modal meanings aimed at fulfilling the author’s intentions in the framework of newspaper information. 1. Ваулина С. С. Эволюция средств выражения модальности ...

... translations of B. Pasternak’s poem “February”, the author raises the question as to the possibility of preserving the grammar strategies of the original in translation and the degree of stability of “poetry grammar” as a meaning generating mechanism. 1. Гин Я. И. К вопросу о построении поэтики грамматических категорий //Гин Я. И. Проблемы поэтики грамматических категорий : избр. работы....

... in the context of dreams, the polysemy of the key image, and the possibility of homonymy. Gender dependence and subject-object differentiation are identified as important features of dream interpretations in the dictionary. The author describes three mechanisms of semantic transformation behind the dream interpretation: metaphoric conversion, metonymic shift, and pragmatic extension. 1. Берестнев Г. И. Слово, язык и за их пределами. Калининград, 2007. ...

... include content dependence on the context, possible reproduction of future events, special significance on reproduced events, symbolic representation, the need for interpreter, etc. The obtained comparative data make it possible to speak of general mechanisms of dreams. 1. Берестнев Г. И. Слово, язык и за их пределами. Калининград, 2007. 2. Берестнев Г. И. Лингвистика сновидений // Логический анализ языка....

... 10. Morici G., Zangla D., Santoro A. et al. Supramaximal exercise mobilizes hematopoietic progenitors and reticulocytes in athletes // Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2005. Vol. 289, № 5. P. 1496—1503. 11. Schoenfeld B. J. The mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to resistance training // J. Strength. Cond. Res. 2010. Vol. 24, № 10. Р. 2857—2872. 12. Spiropoulos A., Theodosaki M., Stefanaki K. et al. Rapid clinical-scale propagation of mesenchymal ...

The article considers semantic mechanisms of value meaning in the structure of Russian and English colour idioms. The authors classify colour idioms according to the factor which forms the basis of value meaning and is specified by the semantics of the colour. 1. Алефиренко ...

Any linguistic analysis when done on the basis of a natural language corpus produces results of much higher accuracy and a higher degree of representation. The use of corpora opens up new possibilities for investigating the mechanisms of the formation of the cognitive structure of a polysemous word, as well as facilitates the identification of individual senses. The author proposes a probabilistic conceptual model (algorithm) of cognitive operations underlying the process ...

This article considers the social and psychological mechanism of socialization of children and youth in the health sphere and emphasises the need and opportunities for health socialization of students by means of an educational institution. 1. Кислицина О. А. Масштабы распространения ...

... content of technological support for the process of developing professional successfulness in engineering students with poor health condition. The author focuses on the technologies of theoretical and practical education and describes self-education mechanisms. 1. Выготский Л. С. Психология развития как феномен культуры. СПб., 1996. 2. Селевко Г. К. Современные образовательные технологии : учеб. пособие....

The author maintains that the language of prophetic texts differs fr om natural language in the propensity to go beyond the lim its of regular language categories. The mechanisms of this process are identified. 1. Апресян Ю. Д. Избранные труды : в 2 т. М., 1995. Т. 1: Лексическая семантика. 2. Берестнев Г. И. Слово, язык и за их пределами....

The role and mechanism of focusing attention in the process of formulating objectives by people are considered. A connection has been shown between the development of emotional experience, keenness of attention and the value containing the excitation zone stimulus....

... biofeedback, which is based on the principles of biological feedback and implemented by means of modern computer equipment. The muscle activity biofeedback prevents muscle overexertion and improves muscle coordination, which results in a change in brain mechanisms. The authors studied the intercoordination of muscular groups important for the structure of wrestle. The dependence of efficacy on functional asymmetry and the predominant perception methods of Greco-Roman wrestlers was examined. The results ...

The articles addresses the metaphor as a cognitive-semantic device. Metaphor is able to shed light on intuitive and creative mechanisms of thinking process, thus filling the blanks in the fund of logically objective human knowledge, which opens the possibility to describe abstract concepts of human mind in terms. 1.  Аристотель. Поэтика. М., 1927. 2.  ...

This article considers the problems of language and word reflection in the works of the two poets and examines the mechanisms of written works. The authors attempt to interpret the complex of M. Tsvetaeva and J. Brodsky’s themes and motifs in the context of Barthes’s “rustle of language” concept. 1.  Цветаева М . Собр. соч.: в 7 т. М....

In the article the concept is presented as a mental multimodal nonlinear product. Changing of the figure-background relations as a basic mechanism of the perception of any kind of information appears as a ground of the transformation of the meaning of the concept. 1. Болдырев Н.   Н. Когнитивная семантика. Тамбов, 2000. 2. Выготский Л....

... processes of phraseological units (colour terms) formation based on the theories of the conceptual metaphor and conceptual integration. Special attention is given to the modified units the meaning of which cannot be inferred from their components. Cognitive mechanisms underlying this type of phraseological units are identified. 1.  Ирисханова О.   К. О теории концептуальной интеграции // Изв. РАН, СЛЯ. Т. 60. №   3. М., 2001. 2.  Ричардс ...

This article considers the concept of a US University as a centre for education and research, which includes the mechanism of generation and distribution of knowledge, as well as innovation implementation within joint research programmes with commercial enterprises. 1. Atkinson R. The future of the Research University. URL: http://www.ucop.edu/ pres/comments/rufuture....