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My aim is to prove that Hermann Cohen was not only a philosopher of dialogue but has played an exceedingly important role in the history of that current of thought. His books Ethics of Pure Will (1904) and Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism (1919) offer a detailed analysis of the relationships between I and Thou, I and It, I and We. In the first book these relationships are considered from the ethical-legal point of view and in the second from the viewpoint of religious anthropology...

This interview with Professor Dr Jürgen Stolzenberg, board member of the Kant-Gesellschaft and co-editor of the Kant-Lexikon (2015), explores a wide range of topics — from Leibniz and Wolff to Heidegger and Husserl. The leading idea of Stolzenberg’s philosophical research is the justification of the principle of modern subjectivity in Kant’s philosophy and its transformations until our days. He discusses the meaning and development of the concept of self-consciousness and the understanding of subjectivity...

... grammatical form used by Kant. To facilitate understanding, long compound sentences of the Kantian text are sometimes broken up into several simple sentences. The structure of the text and title page format have been preserved. The translator would like to express sincere gratitude to Alexei N. Krouglov and Svyatopolk N. Yeschenko for their valuable advice, remarks and help and support in preparing this publication. Academia del Cimento, 1666. Esperienze intorno alla compressione dell’aqua. In: Saggi ...

The major difference between Kant's axiological and cognitive discourse is that the former contains a greater number of persona pronouns that signify different speech roles of the author. This text is characterised by a more direct expression of the addressee factor, which explains the emergence of the speech acts that are absent in Kant's cognitive texts. Another substantial difference is the explicit imperative modality of this type of Kant's texts. 1. Арутюнова Н....

... "Erkennen" einer Person hinzutreten muss, um daraus einen Akt der Anerkennung zu machen“. Mit diesem Ziel wird die Bedeutung der (Un-)Sichtbarkeit im direkten und indirekten Sinne eingeführt, sowie Ergebnisse der Säuglingssozialisation analysiert. „Expressive“ [ausdrückliche] Akte der Anerkennung stellen eine Metahandlung dar, was durch die Kantische Definition der „Achtung“ bestätigt wird. Die Schlussfolgerung liegt klar auf der Hand: Die Anerkennung ist vorrangig; die bloß kognitive Identifikation ...

... constituted arguments in favour of the existence of synthetic a priori judgements. The American logician Irving Copi was the first to use Gödel’s first incompleteness theory to that end. While his small work went almost unnoticed, such ideas were expressed by at least two other mathematicians. In modern mathematics, particularly, Martin-Löf type theory, the existence of synthetic a priori truths, is considered justified. Although it is based on different grounds than those mentioned above, it ...

... Contrary to the analytical mainstream in Kant studies, the author argues that Kant’s ‘transcendental idealism’ in the field of the theoretical reason is completely compatible with epistemological realism. Hence, the term ‘thing in itself’ expresses neither ontological nor epistemological dualism. Rather it has a methodological function and it serves to indicate the possibility of different forms of discourses — religious, ethical, etc. The thesis is proven in three steps. First, the ...

This study is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” ...

... analyses the materials of Strakhov’s works ‘The key feature of thinking’, ‘On time’, ‘On objectives of history of philosophy’, ‘On key concepts of psychology’, his many years’ correspondence with L. N. Tolstoy and A. A. Fet, who expressed keen interest in the works of the German philosopher, the works of A. I. Vvedensky, etc. The study fol¬lows the pattern of a dialogical reconstruction; it examines the conceptual range of interpretations of Kant’s philosophical legacy in ...

... namely, those by P. E. Astafyev, N. Y. Grot, L. M. Lopatin, E. L. Radlov, and S. N. Trubetskoy. At the end of the 19th century, these authors contributed to an active discussion in the pages of scientific journals. The discussion focused on the ideas expressed in the work On the Limits and Characteristics of Becoming Conscious, which was published in the form of theses in book 16 book of the journal Problems of Philosophy and Psychology. Trough formulating the law of the absence of objective evidence ...

... as a condition for the progress of knowledge. The Russian philosopher strives to develop an original philosophical structure that just partially transcends the Neo-Kantian school. He is strongly influenced by the phenomenological movement, although expressing certain criticism thereof. The author draws a parallel between Se-semann’s ideas and Nicolai Hartmann’s conception, which makes it possible to classify the Russian philosopher as a post-Neo-Kantianist. The works of Andrey Noras have popularised ...

..., which contradicts the predestination dogma. This will is found not only in Kant’s philosophical and pedagogical endeavours, but also in Donelaitis’s pedagogy, which deserves serious attention. Despite his deeply pietistic education, Donelaitis expressed keen interest in physicotheology and alternatives to pietism as early as his university years. Donelaitis and Kant never met; they had different worldviews. However, they also had something in common relating to the problem of time. They shared ...

... Kantianist Prof A. N. Kruglov published under the title “Immaturity and the objective of a true reform in ways of thinking” in Kantovsky Sbornik (issues 3—4, 2014). The critical analysis focuses on the practical conclusion, in which Prof Kruglov expresses his negative attitude to the French Revolution and shows ambiguous disapproval of Kant’s positive attitude to it. This ambiguity can discredit modern practical philosophy, which has to present to the society clear and stable statements that ...

... Following the ideas presented in the first two parts of this work, part three considers the correlation between the spheres of concepts and reality. Kant divides concepts into phaenomena and noumena. The former are apprehended by the senses and the latter express the things-in-themselves. It is shown that, as concepts of things, noumena are divided into substan tial and empty ones. Substantial noumena correspond to transcendental objects as the material of possible experience, which has become or can become ...

A reflection on the meaning of Kant’s manuscript where he uses the expression ‘metaphysics of science’. 20th century philosophy of science acknowledged empiricism and it was anti-metaphysic and positivistic. However, all forms of empiricism and positivism lead to a negation of philosophy, replacing it with logical,...

The category of power is one of ontological predicates discussed by Kant in lectures on metaphysics. This concept expresses relation of substance to its attributes and plays an important role in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. Law is a simple form of unity incorporating an idea of the play of powers, whereas power is a category that makes it possible to understand ...

... theory of grammatical moods. Kant’s revolutionary idea of values, knowledge, and norms as three aspects of existential reality lead to a conclusion that modality and moods are not identical, despite being interrelated. The categories of modality do not express the essence of moods but rather the conditions for their functioning. This gives a new perspective on the study of moods and modalities. However, Kant’s system is a cohesive whole and no part of it can be used without considering this fact. ...

... systematics, he identifies autonomous fields of knowledge — those of theory and practice, language and poiesis, creative and artistic work. Each of these fields has its own direction of development,but the common ground between them is the world of expressing the creative and free within spiritual activities. In philosophical systematics, aesthetics is a “fundamental” of the law of philosophical reflection. 1. Акиндинова Т. А. Эстетика неокантианства в Германии ...

... or internal motivations of human behavior. According to Kistyakovsky, the rational element of legal rules is their key characteristic. Not unlike concepts, law is created by reason, without which legal rules cannot be formulated. Legal rules are an expression of the normal (typical) human consciousness and behavior. However, law is also a fact of social life. In effect, law is exercised through legal relations and, therefore, an important role is played by the understanding of subjective law. Legal ...

... and the cosmological proof on the other. A transcription and description of the sheet is provided, followedby a “Question & Answer” with the goal of dating the notes describing the two separate arguments for the existence of God. The use of the expressions ‘Moraltheologie’ (moral theology) and ‘Endzweck’ (final purpose), as well as the discussion of ‘an object of the moral will’ — all of which touchupon a central point of Kant’s developing moral philosophy — show that the text ...

... Critiques show that the Critique of Pure Reason lacks such an important element as the antinomy of pure theoretical reason. Of course, it is implied in the text: Kant’s reasoning is based on it and takes it into account. However, it is not explicitly expressed. Instead of this crucial structural element, which would significantly simplify the understanding of such a complicated treatise, the Critique of Pure Reason presents the system of antinomies of the cosmological idea of pure reason. However,...

The major difference between Kant's axiological and cognitive discourse is that the former contains a greater number of personal pronouns that signify different speech roles of the author. This text is characterised by a more direct expression of the addressee factor, which explains the emergence of the speech acts that are absent in Kant's cognitive texts. Another substantial difference is the explicit imperative modality of this type of Kant's texts. 1. Kant I. Grundlegung zur ...

This article is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” ...

... perspectives on the positive and negative effects of collaborative learning with students with health limitations are discussed. The idea of the necessity for a comprehensive socio-psychological study to enhance inclusive practices in university education is expressed.

... literary, cultural sources of information are brought to study the semantic nature of allusive inclusions. The article also analyzes stylistic functions of allusion. It is noted that the allusion technique is used not only to give poems an emotionally expressive sound, but also to activate the consciousness of readers, create additional literary associations.

... that the transformation of the tale, which emerged in the stream of post-modernism, is a complex formation which reveals both the features of a passed epoch — the grammatical phenomena with historical coloring, and the features of modern realities, expressed by stylistic anachronisms. The paper identifies semantic transformations of the original fairy tale, suggesting that the author deliberately refracts the original text through a certain gender and ethnic “prism”. As a result, the primary ...

... has been identified: syntactic parallelism, poetic meter and rhythm, tropes of various structures, stylistic diversity of vocabulary, phonetic instrumentation, and compositional organization of speech. It is established that the combina­tion of means expressing the author’s modality in the poem is a way of representing signifi­cant philosophical categories for the poet, such as time, space, loneliness, and fate.

... analysis of the use of idioms with the component сердце (heart), their ability to form a modal context and to explicate various modal and evaluative meanings is revealed. The study also demonstrated that shades of modal meanings in figurative expressions can overlap and be in motivated interrelated relationships with each other.

The article evaluates the linguistic units of the lexical-phraseological level related to the lexical-semantic group “plants.” Metaphors, comparisons, and phraseological expressions possessing imagery, semantic dualism, and an associative nature of expression are character­ized. The aim of the research is to identify the axiological meanings of an extensive group of linguistic units representing the plant code in Russian ...

... account of internal monologue (AAIM). AAIM is the object of rare research in linguistics due to loss the features of natural inner speech. They are transformed into the content of the AAIM. Scientific interest to AAIM lies in its writing style, manner of expressing Chekhov’s individual style. The linguistic features of the narrator and the character distinguish the verbal-analytical, subject-analytical and impressionistic internal monologues in Anton Chekhov’s stories 1880— 1903. Structural, semantic ...

... verbs throughout the text of different lexical-semantic groups is determined by the type of monastic or martyric asceticism of the saint and the content of the compositional part embodying various hagiographic topoi. The role of lexical repetition in expressing the content of the text is demonstrated. The specificity of hagiographic lives is established, characterized by the use of verbal units whose meaning has evolved through semantic derivation, reflecting the metaphorical reinterpretation of a ...

... that Balzac’s landscape does not only create an additional emotional background, affect the perception of the characters of the characters, but also becomes a plot-forming factor. Natural space is depicted in the novel using various means of verbal expression, which are carefully analyzed. The author notes that a holistic picture of northern nature is formed in the novel, paving the way for future generations of writers in describing the Nordic landscape.

... that determined the incompleteness of a number of works, and the circumstances that prompted the author to refuse to publish completed texts. “The Forgotten Stories” become the source for analyzing the writer’s creative manner and his work on expressing historical, moral, political, philosophical and religious meanings in such genres as fairy tale, parable, allegory.

... the tragic fate of non-conformist writers in the USSR. The author reveals the shared dominant of the uncompromising service to the ideas of art, rather than the state. The pragmatics of the text is analyzed, which is achieved by S. Dovlatov through expressive, emotional-evaluative vocabulary and syn­tax.

... system. Cambridge, 2003. 20. Stockwell P. Cognitive Poetics. An Introduction. L. ; N. Y., 2002. 21. Turner M. Reading minds: The study of English in the age of cognitive sci­ence. Princeton, 1991. 22. Tsur R. How do the sound patterns know they are expressive: The poetic mode of speech-perception. Jerusalem, 1987. 23. Tsur R. Toward a theory of cognitive poetics. Amsterdam, 1992.

... repetitive use of a certain harmoneme in the motive of a phrase. The paper presents the findings obtained from studying the melody of Russian opera choirs by means of music and linguistic intonation analysis. The author has revealed the tendencies in expressing emotional meanings and discovered harmonic diffe­rences between the motive patterns (melodemes) of minor and major choir. 1. Асафьев Б. В. Музыкальная форма как процесс. М. ; Л., 1971. 2. Антипова ...

... et ainz (ainçois) en ancien français // Travaux de linguistique et de littérature. 1978. T. XVI, № 1. Р. 271—292. 17. Marchello-Nizia Ch. Grammaticalisation et changement linguistique. Bruxelles, 2006. 18. Melander J. Etude sur MAGIS et les expressions adversatives dans les langues romanes. Upsal, 1916. 19. Mokni M. Ains/au contraire de la cooccurrence à la concurrence // Durand J., Habert B., Laks B. (éds.). Diachronie, histoire de la langue : Congrès Mondial de Lin­guistique Française ...

... corresponded to the search parameters from various publicistic web-based media, mass media, social networks, blogs, forums using the continuous sampling method. The result of the study has shown that lexi­cal neologisms are characterized by occasional, expressive and evaluative na­ture. Word-building patterns correspond to the productive models of the Rus­sian language (stem composition and suffixes for nouns; prefixes for adjec­tives) and are the result of word-building play. The purpose of such ...

... modality as a tool to implement the author’s intentions in the texts of the first Russian printed newspaper «The Vedomosti». The article reveals a significant role of the subjective-modal meanings built over the objective modality through a number of expressive tools (modality units, parenthetical words and structures, particles). The author illustrates and qualifies the modal syncretism of the newspaper text.

... периферии: глагол fail как «контекстный вытеснитель» // Язык, коммуникация и социальная среда. Во­ронеж, 2014. Вып. 12. С. 241—254. 29. Lomova T. M., Chirko T. M. Express Corpus Research for Teaching Us­age // Festival of Teaching, Festival of NATE : Proceedings of the 20 th NATE-Russia Inter­national Conference. Voronezh, 2014. Р. 46—47. 30. Чирко Т. М. Скрытая грамматика и языковая ...

... genre of the novel, which has not yet received a single identification in the literature. My analysis shows that, in the novel, mythopoetics is a means to create a metaphorical image of reality. The theme of the text and its key motifs are most fully expressed in the complex interactions among links existing within this reality. 1. Владимирова Н. Г. Условность, созидающая мир. Поэтика услов­ных форм в современном романе Великобритании....

... mean­ings. All this creates conditions for anomalies to function in political texts as expres­sive stylistic means that have a high potential for pragmatic impact on the addressee. It is concluded that, in giving political speech special liveliness and expressiveness, language-norm-breaking attract the attention of listeners, arouse their emotions, and make them think and embrace the intent of the speaker. 1. Айснер Л. Ю. Культура публичной речи // Вестник КрасГАУ....

This article considers irony as an independent textual category contain­ing the author’s judgement and facilitating the expression of the author’s pragmatic attitudes in a literary text. The study investigates the potential and functioning of parenthesis structures as syntactic markers of irony in Niko­lai Gogol's works. The assessment categories used to express the ...

Using texts of the journalistic genre of portrait interview, this article considers the ways to express the evaluative modal meanings of veraci­ty/falsity and willing­ness/possibility/obligation by the medium of intonation. The study identifies the role of prosodic variation in achieving the pragmatic objectives of the mentioned genre. 1. Баженова ...

... what values it holds. The author’s contemporaries, the youth of the 1990s, have a peculiar perception of objective time, shaped by the then socio-political and economic situation in Germany. I conclude that, in the novel, subjective time is usully expressed linguistically by not only traditional temporal markers bus also various textual modifications of the ‘TIME – RESOURCE’ metaphor and the ‘TIME – EVENT’ metonymy. An important landmark in the life of the generation was September 11,...

This paper describes ways to interpret the lexemes paradise and hell in definition-like aphorisms resembling a dictionary entry. These definitions use both traditional universal ways to interprets words and specific ones, in particular, association, antonymy-based dis­tinction, repetition-based distinction, and formal signalling. When association is invoked, the lexemes paradise and hell are interpreted based on metaphorical convergence and met­onymic adjacency. Antonymy-based distinction means that...

... events that affected its formation. I provide evidence that there is a link between events taking place in the lives of young people and in their country, on the one hand, and neologisms that emerge in youth slang, on the other. I list slang words and expressions most popular among the youth in 2014–2018 according to Langenscheidt. I describe key trends, events, and elements of life today that have found reflection in the language of young people. I conclude that the most popular slang units are ...

... serve as the basis for the development of a quasi-symbol meaning. A qua­si-symbol is an element of an intermediate, linguocultural system, generated as a result of close interaction between language and culture. While a symbol is a sign of culture that expresses some idea in an imperative manner, a quasi-symbol is a type of symbol that has a verbal nature. The study has objectified connotations based on the semantics of secondary nomination signs and has shown that connotations, regardless of their ...

... Acts // Interna­tional Research Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2015. Vol. 7, iss. 3. P. 46—53. 21. Searle J. R. A taxonomy of illocutionary acts // Language, Mind and Know­ledge. Minneapolis, 1975. Vol. 7. P. 344—369. 22. Searle J. R. Expression and Meaning. Cambridge, 1979. 23. Драгунский В. Денискины рассказы. М., 2012. 24. Шукшин В. Полн. собр. рассказов. М., 2012.

... Reformation and its confessional values. The analysis showed that the unique confessional experience left a significant trace in the phraseological picture of the world of the German people. The author draws a conclusion that the conceptual foundation of set expressions is determined by the basic ideas of the Protestant creed. The main attention is paid to the representation in the phraseological units of the key provisions of the religious and moral renewal of the person, proclaimed by reformists, namely ...