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... reversal of spatial ageing patterns // Baltic Region. 2010. № 4 (6). P. 37—47. 58. Vallin J., Andreev E., Meslé F. et al. Geographical diversity of cause-ofdeath patterns and trends in Russia // Demographic Research. 2005. Vol. 12.P. 232—380. 59.... ... Środkowowschodniej 1989—2000. Pułtusk, 2005. 60. Yemelyanova L. L. International cross-border migration in South-East Baltic: factors, structure, consequences // Baltic Region. 2010. № 4(6). P. 55—64. Michalski T. 10.5922/2079-8555-2014-2-3 35-47 ...

... incentive for the development of], Rossijskoe jekspertnoe obozrenie [Russian Expert Review], no. 4, p. 4—45. 23. Kuznetsova, О. 2011, Osobye jekonomicheskie zony kak faktor jekonomicheskogo razvitija rossijskih regionov [Special economic zones as a factor of economic development of Russian regions]. In: Geograficheskoe prostranstvo Rossii: obraz i modernizacija [Russian geographical space: the image and modernization], Saint Petersburg, p. 261—280. 24. Fedorov, G. M., Zverev, Yu. M. 1995, Kaliningradskie al'ternativy [Kaliningrad alternatives], Kaliningrad. 25. Metodologicheskie polozhenija po statistike [Methodological ...

... cartographic analysis methods were used to study the spatial component. The study revealed spatial characteristics associated with the use of automotive online classifieds in different macro-regions of Russia. Furthermore, the research identifies key factors influencing spatial differences in consumer behavior: the geographical location of the region, the socio-historical context of the spread of automotive online classifieds, the presence of local alternatives, the economic interest of online services in expanding their activities in specific regions, and the intensity ...

This study examines the morphometric characteristics of the Letny — Zimny pond sys­tem in Kaliningrad as factors potentially influencing the ecological condition of small artifi­cial water bodies. Based on hydroacoustic surveying conducted with the "AsCor" software-hardware complex, which simultaneously recorded current depth and geographic coordinates of the surveyed bottom areas in real time, bottom relief maps of the ponds were created for the first time. Key morphometric parameters were determined, including the surface area, basin shape, enclosed water volume, shoreline length ...

... discourse. A sce­nario of the standardized interview has been used as a method of research. The sce­nario features various factors of personality self-actualization during mas­tering macro-mediator language. Among many topics discussed during the inter­views,... ... in neoliberal times: from the multi­cultural self to the strategic cosmopolitan // Transactions of the Institute of British geographers. 2003. Vol. 28. P. 387—403. 13. Myers M. B., Calantone R. J., Page T. Jr. J., Taylor C. R. An application of multi­ple-group ...

... potential to attract foreign tourists. The purpose of this article is to estimate the competitiveness of the Irkutsk region on the world tourism market based on an analysis of various factors. In particular, the authors examine the impact of natural, geographical, and climatic factors and the region’s cultural and historical potential. Another focus is the present status of tourism infrastructure and availability of human resources in the tourism industry. Special attention is paid to the influence of present economic and ...

... including agricultural production, common to the country, are also characteristic of the exclave Kaliningrad region. However, spatial isolation from other Russian regions causes, firstly, a greater dependence on external geoeconomic and geopolitical factors and, secondly, a clearer manifestation of the patterns of spatial differentiation in the economy. Research methods are based on the spatio-temporal analysis of statistical data, using methods of comparative geographic diagnostics. The article shows a deeper decline in agricultural production in the region during the crisis years of the 1990s and increased rates of development in more favorable decades of the 21st century, as well as an acute manifestation ...

After the demise of the USSR the Kaliningrad region became a Russian exclave, geographically separated from the rest of Russia by foreign states. The development of the region became dependent on external factors, including Russia’s political relations with foreign countries, NATO and EU. Geopoliti­cal changes required adjustments in the region’s socio-economic development strategy. In the period of 1991 to 2018 three comprehensive strategies suc­ceeded ...

... of a model is affected by natural conditions. Later, political (wars, revolutions, changes in national borders) and economic factors (economic crises, changes in the overall economic situation, and shifts in the structure of the economy) come to the fore.... ... regional models of agricultural nature management in the Baltics and the Kaliningrad region. A comprehensive historical and geographical analysis helped to reconstruct balances for each landmark in the evolution of agricultural nature management in the ...

This article addresses the physical, biogeochemical and physiological factors in the framework of marine invertebrate biodiversity problem. The comparison of the biodiversity indicators of fossils ... ... Gretaceous Bivalvia // A. Hallam (ed.). Atlas of Paleobio­geography. Elsevier; Amsterdam, 1973. P. 353—384. 9. MacArthur R.   H. Geographical Ecology. London, 1972. 10. Newell N.   D. An outline history of tropical organic reefs // Am. Mus. Novi­tates....

... 2003, Gumanitarnaja geografija: Prostranstvo i jazyk geograficheskih obrazov [Humanitarian geography: Space and language of geographical images], Saint Petersburg, 296 p. 16. Lachininsky, S. S. 2013, Opyt tipologii geojekonomicheskih riskov [Experience ... ... (accessed 24.12.2013). 19. Kuznetsova, O. A. 2013, Piramida faktorov social'no-jekonomicheskogo razvitija regionov [Piramida of factors of social and economic development of regions],Voprosy economiki [Questions of economy], no. 2, p. 121—131. 20. Fedorov,...

... downturns diminishing the prospects of balanced social development. The author addresses the classical concepts of the theory of regional economy and new economic geography and their interpretation of the interconnection between political and economic factors. The article aims to demonstrate the inconsistency between political and economic objectives of the development of the Baltics. The study contributes to a broader set of research into the issues of post-Soviet economic and political development....

... of expertise and creating a multidimensional maritime industry hub in the region. However, differences in the cluster structure and development stages lead to certain difficulties in achieving these objectives. In conclusion, the authors identify the factors both facilitating and inhibiting networking between the three clusters. This study provides a platform for further research focusing on the factors identified and gives ideas for public discussion on increased inter-cluster cooperation. 1. Andrésen,...

... planning documents. The article examines the provision of federal highways for key settlement centers in the Northwestern Federal District in the context of forming a sustainable socio-economic system. The methodological framework relies on the comparative geographical method and methods of geoinformation analysis, including the construction of buffer zones. The analysis reveals significant spatial heterogeneity in the district’s transport network, driven by historical and natural-climatic factors, and identifies territories with low levels of provision that require additional strategic planning measures. The study establishes that, although federal highways form the transport framework and ensure connectivity, their high density and level ...

... to it, to identify criteria and approaches to the allocation of such territories, to note measures to overcome the socio-economic depression of the territory. The study showed that depressed territories were formed under the leading role of economic factors (economic crises, reforms), while they are not able to independently get out of the current situation without targeted state support. Such similar definitions as “marginal territory” and “marginalization”, “periphery” and “peripheralization”,...

... concentration indicator was observed, which is primarily due to assimilation processes. At the same time, the most significant drop in the indicator was observed in regions where the concentration of Karelians had previously been relatively high. As a geographical factor influencing the dynamics of the Karelian population, especially from the mid-20th century to the present, the proximity of their main areas of residence (in Karelia and the Tver region) to St. Petersburg and Moscow is considered. coefficient ...

... total volume of inbound tourist flow, and the degree of attendance calculated on the basis of the share of the country’s tourist the total tourist flow of the country. The regions that are the main centers of tourism (capital, seaside, border) and geographic factors that affect the degree of attendance of the region by tourists from different countries are identified: the language of the region, distance from the border, the capital factor and, in some cases, the presence of direct flights. The use of two ...

... importance for Russia’s national security. Thus, changing boundaries of the border regions’ economic security require theoretical understanding and development of measures to ensure it. A socio-geographical approach to addressing this issue allows factoring in the regions’ spatial characteristics, in particular, the influence of the border factor. Highlighting the specific functions of border regions that distinguish them from the internal territories of the country, the paper presents a hierarchy ...

... popularity of Russian education in the international educational services market is growing. Under the influence of geopolitical factors and sanctions, the flows of educational immigration to Russia are transforming and reorienting by country. Central Asian ... ... examined. The region is characterized by the expansion and diversification of flows, as well as a decrease in foreign students from geographically close countries and a reorientation to all-Russian trends. international educational migration, Russia, ...

... influence of short-term geopolitical impulses. The au­thor puts forward a hypothesis that different impulses of geopolitical process­es, their frequency and the level of manifestation influence differently the dy­namics of the world gold market. These factors determine the movement and distribution of gold reserves in different geographical places, ‘safe havens’, and can lead to an increase the number of gold bars, futures contracts or, on the contrary, to get rid of them. They can determine the fluctuations of the world price of gold. The author substantiates the idea that ...

... interaction in various fields of scientific knowledge. The geography of the study is 268 cities of India and 44 cities of the Western borderland of Russia. The research hypothesis supports the assumption that in Indian-Russian sci­entific cooperation, the factor of territorial remoteness can be compensated by a similar level of scientific and technological (S&T) development and the pri­orities of national scientific systems. The research methodology is based on spatial scientometrics. The data source ...