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The article reveals major regulation trends of international cooperation at the regional level which being officially adopted are implemented in the Kaliningrad ... ... attention is given to international agreements, involvement in international programs and projects, information for foreign economic activity and development of euroregions with Russian participation. 1.  Внешнеэкономическая деятельность ...

... offshornom sectore [New components and systems in the offshore sector], 1989, Oslo, Research Council of Norway. 16. Forsknings og teknologisamarbeid med myndighetene, leter to the oil companies, 1994, 21 February, Oslo, Ministry of indystry and energy. 17. Regulations 1985: Regulations to Act relating to petroleum activities, 1985, § 39, Oslo, Ministry of petroleum and energy, available at: http://www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19961129-072-002.html#2-1 (accessed 15 April 2011). 18. Pedersen, H. 1996, ELF og Conoco ...

... content analysis of strategies, which enables the identification of the presence of various Arctic-specific topics in the texts. The content analysis of 61 strategies from Arctic regions and municipalities reveals a low level of implementation of federal regulations dedicated to supporting ISNP in regional and municipal SEDS. The development of the "nomadic schools" topic in the SEDS is also examined, and the strategies where this issue is covered are described. The article compares municipalities ...

... industry. The lack (despite the presence of formal strategies for regional and cluster development) of consensus on interaction in the industry and its development strategy was revealed. The cluster develop­ment component runs some certain risks in regulations. The authors indicate actual vectors of the development process. The obtained results can be used in working out the mechanisms for regional economic policy in the agro-industrial clustering.

... and public-business center of the re­gion — Kaliningrad, is reduced. The implementation of programs on the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation and regional programs is an in­strument for increasing the investment, demographic, production, economic, and socio-infrastructural potential of rural settlements and the region as a whole. 1. Бугроменко В. Н. Транспорт в территориальных системах. М., 1987. 2. Бугроменко В. Н. Транспортная ...

This article considers the main problems of improving the legal regime of the Special Economic Zone through the prism of efficiency increase. The author stresses the imperfection of some provisions contained in the Law on the Special economic Zone. Certain proposals on the legal regulation and law enforcement are formulated. 1. Собрание законодательства РФ. 2013. № 25, ст. 3155. 2. Об утверждении порядка эффективности налоговых льгот : постановление ...

An entrepreneur is regularly faced with the problem of reducing potential economic risks; however, the assessment of risk hedging effect is often complicated. This article presents a typology of economic risks and a methodology for commodity risk hedging. The author proposes a model of open position hedging and introduces the ...

This article deals with the system of taxes paid by the residents of special economic zones, tax benefits provided to the residents, and the application of special rules and tax payments procedures in special economic zones on the territory of Russia. The author pays attention to the imperfections of certain legislative formulations decreasing the efficiency of legal regulations. 1. Комментарий к Налоговому кодексу РФ / под ред. Б.   Н. Топорнина   [и др.]. М., 2005. 2. Собрание законодательства РФ. 1999. №   23. Ст. 2807. 3....

... particular, SDG 14 “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”). The region is also highly integrated into various international relations and market interactions, exposed to external restrictions and regulations, primarily within the European Union and the Baltic Sea region. The methodology and the data analysis of the main accounts for the shelf sea of the Kaliningrad region was based on the principles and approaches of the international statistical ...

... in Russia and its dynamics are subject to the general laws of spatial development of the economy and demography, the most im­portant of which is polarization. At the same time, regional settlement sys­tems differ greately due to both physical and economic geographical factors, which may show some discrepencies because of the vast country's territory. These differences are taken into account in the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation, but require further study through identification ...

... przestrzennej ludności w okresie przemian ustrojowych / ed. D. Szymańska. Toruń, 2000. Р. 9—11. 30. Kuptsch Ch. The Economic Crisis and Labour Migration Policy in European Countries // Comparative Population Studies — Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft.... ... 2005—2006. Population, Statistikaamet. Tallinn, 2007. P. 68—96. 32. Macura M., MacDonald A. L. Fertility and fertility regulation in Eastern Europe: from the socialist to the post-socialist era // Population in Central and Eastern Europe: Challenges ...

The article considers the IEA data on energy reserves in terms of global and national energy security. The authors describe methods for regulating the energy market in the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Community. The authors support the idea of applying the experience of the EU. 1.     Новые риски для глобальной энергетической безопасности и пути их снижения: глобальный ...

... allowed cooperatives to form unions, and outlined a clear algorithm for the organization of cooperative activities. The period of “war communism” was characterized by extremely harsh measures regarding the state control of cooperatives. During the New Economic Policy, the legislator adopted imperial cooperative legislation, granting democratic rights and freedoms to cooperatives. This was driven by the difficult financial situation of the population, especially peasants, and the acute shortage of food ...

... Peculiar Immaturity. Kantian Review, 26(2), pp. 235-260. Sánchez Madrid, N., 2025a. Kant on Labor Relations: An Account of Economic Dependence from the Perspective of Social Philosophy. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 55(4), pp. 330-347. Sánchez ... ... Europe’s Self-Representation. In: J. Whittle and ‎T. Lambrecht, eds. 2023. Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe. The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour. C. 1350-1850. New York: Boydell & Brewer, pp. 103-123. Sarvasy, W. and Longo, P., 2004. The Globalization ...

The article explores the sanction factor impact on the legislative frame­work regulating Russian and European joint economic activities in the Arctic. The fundamental documents on the joint projects with the European Union get analyzed in the context of the sanction factor. The paper focuses on chang­es in the legislative framework for Russian — EU joint activities,...

This article analyses the problems of civil law regulation, identifies contentious issues, and states that the dispositive principle can act as a basis for economic relations development. 1. О внесении изменений в главы 1, 2, 3 и 4 части первой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации : федеральный закон от 30.12....

The practice of managing large urban agglomerations in the status of metropolitan areas is underrepresented in modern Russian conditions. Spatial planning documents concerning agglomerations usually do not reflect the realities and relations within these formations, which have de facto existed for a long time. Moreover, the experience in managing such forms of settlement is accumulated abroad, where active reorganization of the management system is regularly taking place, the paradigms and principles...

... Grabowiecki, H. Wnorowski. Białystok,Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. 6. Nawrocka, I. 2007, Współpraca transgraniczna w Euroregionie Bałtyk w latach 1998—2006 [Cross-border cooperation in ERB in the years 1998—2006], PhD thesis. Faculty of Economics, no. 57 33 PD, Sopot. 7. Gomółka, K., 2008, Współpraca transgraniczna Polski i Federacji Rosyjskiej na przykładzie euroregionu Bałtyk. In: Rutkowski M. (eds.) Relacje nowych krajów Unii europejskiej z Federacją Rosyjską w aspekcie ...

... construction of the Baltic NPP and the export of generated electric energy to Poland, Lithuania, Germany, and Sweden. The author concludes that the prospects of Russia’s energy export to the Baltic Sea region will be determined not only by technological, economic and market factors, but rather by the general state of relations between Russia and the EU. Moreover, a lot depends on Lithuania’s decision on the construction of the Visaginas NPP, as well as the way the EU and the Baltic States solve the ...

... States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania — express a strong interest in development, generation, and application of nuclear power. In the Baltic States, nuclear power dates back to the Soviet times, but its development was suspended pursuant to the EU regulations (the Ignalina NPP). Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia have been striving for energy independence from Russia — the principal supplier of energy carriers to these countries. For a long time, the three Baltic States have been proclaiming their ...

... Rossijskaja gazeta [Russian newspaper], 20 Oct., p. 6. 7. Leksin, V. N., Shvetsov, А. N. 2002, Gosudarstvo i region. Teorija i praktika gosudarstvennogo regulirovanija territorial'nogo razvitija [State and region. The theory and practice of state regulation of territorial development], Moscow. 8. Polterovich, V. 2009, Gipoteza ob innovacionnoj pauze i strategija modernizacii [Innovation pause hypothesis and modernization strategy], Voprosy ekonomiki [Problems of Economics], no. 6, p. 4—23. 9. Porter, М. 1993, Mezhdunarodnaja konkurencija [International competition], Moscow. 10. Pushkarenko, А. B. 2010, Podderzhka innovacionno-aktivnyh predprijatij v regionah [Support for innovative enterprises in the regions],...

This article examines solutions to the environmental problems of the Baltic Sea in the Kaliningrad region. The authors focus on the implementation of the HELCOM recommendation, which stipulates the elimination of all sources of eutrophication (the so-called hot spots) as well as the construction of modern waste water treatment facilities. The study is based on the interviews with local experts and the analysis of regulatory documents 1. Биогенные вещества и эвтрофикация в Балтийском море: причины...

The issue of the development of the observer state institution within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has been considered. An attempt has been made to assess the possibilities for the current observer states to acquire full membership and increase the number of observer states within the EAEU. Based on the analysis of regulatory ...

... order and Russia's new place in it, which gener­ates additional problematic situations and challenges for the country, initiate the "municipal­ization" of approaches both in socio-geographical, regional studies, and in the field of state regulation of spatial development. In the municipal theme itself, at the same time, issues relat­ed to geopolitics come to the fore. The article presents general theoretical ideas about the geo­political aspects of municipal development (with the isolation ...

... specific legal approaches to comprehend phenomena such as marketplaces. This article reviews the stances adopted by Russian and international legislators regarding the understanding of marketplaces. It is shown that legislators apply a similar legal regulation logic and consider marketplaces as subjects in a legal relationship, defining them based on a set of distinctive traits. Some lawmakers take account of the general ambiguity in defining marketplaces given the existence of similar phenomena,...

... society as a set of social institutions and communities existing as instruments for expressing personal freedom. The social regulations they propose are already legal situations. Hessen and Gurvitch believe that the individual can fully exercise his/her ... ... 2014. Portraits of Legal Scholars. G. D. Gurvich: the Project of the Sociology of Law. Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 4, pp. 63-74. (In Rus.) Bitcilli, P. M., 1927. [Rev.] M. A. Zimmerman, United States in Human History. 1776—1926,...

By the end of the 19th century, after three partitions of Rzeczpospolita by the neighbouring powers, about half of its territory became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. These geopolitical changes had significant social implications for the Polish population.Jan Swiecicki was one of many Polish students to be sent to German-speaking gymnasia. Some of them continued their education at the oldest Prussian university, the Albertina. Selected pas¬sages from letters dated 1802—1806 give an idea of the organisation...

... Empire faced this challenge, so its finances bad to be regularly strengthened in order to cover all the mass military needs. After O. v. Bismarck’s resignation, the positions of the chancellor were held by politicians who did not have any background in economics and finance: L. v. Caprivi, H. Hohenlohe-Schillingsfuerst. The problem was passed then to new Head of the German Government – Bernhard von Buelow, who was the Reichschancellor from 1900 till 1909. By this time a large-scale project, dedicated ...

... nature, it originates from the growing welfare and increase in touristic activity. Tourist taxes are not the resource for the development of the touristic infrastructure, and it is indirectly confirmed by their low budgetary efficiency. There are no economic premises here in Russia for the steady growth of the demand for tourist services; therefore the resort tax acquires a character of a confiscatory tax for guests of large accommodation objects. Thus there is a high opportunity of receiving negative ...

The article stresses that, in the modern world, economic activities have a significant negative effect on environmental security. The human impact on the environment is a result ... ... result in increasing latency of environmental crimes. There is a need to decrease their latency in Russia through improving legal regulation and control in the field of environmental protection. 1. Бессарабов В. Г., Добрецов Д. Г., Суслова ...

... technological upgrade. Special attention is paid to the integration of the innovative mechanism of depreciation charges and savings in regulating the depreciation policy in Russian enterprises 1. Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации ... ... F. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Boston; N. Y., 1921. 13. Olfert K. von. Finanzierung. Herne, 1974. 14. Pigou A. C. The Economics of Welfare. L., 1920. 15. Pareto V. Cours d’Economie Politique. Geneva, 1896. 16. Соколов М. И. Как ...

The article describes the major legal acts regulating the transition to budget planning through the program-target method, offers an analysis of the general features of planning the federal and Kaliningrad regional budgets through this method, considers the concepts of investment, budgetary investment,...

... образовательных учреждений, указывается на проблемы, возникающие при осуществлении деятельности на основе субсидий. This article considers the features of financial and economic activity of educational institutions. Special attention is paid to the features of business activity carried out by educational institutions, as well as civil and legal regulation of the privity in the sphere of education. The article also identifies pros and cons of the legislative approach to the regime of educational institution financing and specifies the problems arising from subsidy-based activities. 1. О внесении ...

... правоприменительной практики по исследуемой теме. This article considers the central issues of improving legislation on еntrepreneurship in the Kaliningrad region, the application of the legal regime of Free economic zone, and its development. The authors offers several variants of solving the problem of regulation and law enforcement practice in the framework of the topic studied. 1. Об Особой экономической зоне в Калининградской области и о внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные ...