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This article offers a review of the activities of I.P. Khmelnitsky at the Königsberg University of the 1760s, examines the ideational and philosophical context, and identifies the role and position of Khmelnitsky in the intellectual polemics of the mid-18th century. The author emphasises that D. Weymann referred to Khmelnitsky’s works when debating with I. Kant. 1. Аноним. Хмельницкий, Иван Парфентевич // Русский биографический словарь. СПб., 1901. Т. 21. 2. Болотов А. Т. Жизнь и приключения Андрея...

1. Аникин В. П. Не «постфольклор», а фольклор (к постановке вопроса о его современных традициях) // Славянская традиционная культура и современный мир: сборник материалов научно-практической конференции. М.,2004. Вып. 2. 2. Архипова А. С., Неклюдов С. Ю. Два героя / два уркана: привал на пути //Фольклор и постфольклор: структура, типология, семиотика. URL: http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/arkhipovaneckludov2.htm (дата обращения: 21.03.2011). 3. Башарин А. С. Блатная песня: terra incognita...

... Golubinsky borrowed some propositions of Kant’s theory of space and time, specifically, the procedure of identifying forms of sensibility — space and time — their a priori character, their being part of sensible intuitions and, finally, their definition as essential properties of sense perception. Golubinsky, unlike Kant, considers space and time to be objective. In his doctrine of the categories of understanding Golubinsky follows Kant in that the foundation of the categories of understanding ...

... very beginning. That is why in both prefaces to the Critique of Pure Reason (1781 and 1787) Kant introduces the concept of transcendental philosophy as an “idea.” The idea understood architectonically develops slowly and only gradually acquires a definite form. As witnessed by the works of Kant himself and of his predecessors and followers, the idea of transcendental philosophy has undergone a series of changes and adjustments compared to the initial plan. In this context, my goal is not simply ...

... degree of Kant’s influence in this field will enlarge and concretise the current thinking about Lossky’s perception of Kant. We are looking at a whole range of parallels and borrowings. My comparative analysis focuses on the following aspects: 1) definition and uses of the term “categorical imperative”, 2) free will as the condition of the possibility of moral action, 3) the cause of moral evil, 4) the role of the idea of God in ethics. As a result, I reveal how Lossky used elements of Kant’s ...

... J. Mach, eds. 2018. Epistemologia doświadczenia religijnego w XX-wiecznej filozofii rosyjskiej i żydowskiej. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, pp. 219-237. (In Rus.) Belov, V. N., 2019. Modern Jewish Philosophy in Search of a (Self-)Definition. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 23(4), pp. 391-398. (In Rus.) Cohen, H., 1910. Die Bedeutung des Judentums für den religiösen Fortschritt der Menschheit. Vortrag von Dr. Hermann Cohen. Sonderausgabe aus dem Protokoll des 5. Weltkongresses für ...

... Sergey Hessen and Georges Gurvitch base their conceptions of social law on the sociology of law in the 1920s and 1930s. They start a polemic in the pages of the journal Sovremenniye zapiski (Contemporary Notes). Although they differ radically in their definitions of the status of the state they concur in defining society as a set of social institutions and communities existing as instruments for expressing personal freedom. The social regulations they propose are already legal situations. Hessen and ...

... collaborative activity that can engender respect for other people and their rights, i.e., to legal consciousness. In conclusion, I address Hessen’s and Rubinstein’s understandings of the phenomena of law and legal consciousness, which determined their definitions of legal consciousness in children. Unlike Hessen, who insists that anomie is innate in early childhood, since children of that age are unfamiliar with ethical categories, Rubinstein introduces the concept of “legal psychology,” which ...

The cultural movement known as “humanism” has unfortunately not received a clear and careful definition. Historians and philosophers have lumped together their various understandings of outlooks that stress the value and importance of human life under the collective term “humanism.” This essay sets out to contrast, in particular, three types ...

... Transzendentalphilosophie. In: M. Willaschek, J. Stolzenberg, G. Mohr and S. Bacin, eds. 2015. Kant-Lexikon. Berlin & Boston: de Gruyter, pp. 2319-2325. Friedman, M., 1992. Kant and the Exact Sciences. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Gava, G., 2014. Kant’s Definition of Science in the Architectonic of Pure Reason and the Essential Ends of Reason. In: Kant-Studien, 105(3), pp. 372-393. Habermas, J., 2003. Truth and Justification. Translated by B. Fultner. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Kant, I....

Kant does not provide clear-cut definitions of apperception, consciousness, and self-consciousness and everywhere uses these terms as synonyms, which creates the problem of the relationship between these faculties. The importance of this problem stems from the colossal significance ...

This article analyses different definitions, types and tasks of Kant's anthropology: Is "moral" or "practical" anthropology identical to "pragmatic" anthropology? Does anthropology aim to answer the question about the vocation of a human being? To what ...

... die Bedeutung der (Un-)Sichtbarkeit im direkten und indirekten Sinne eingeführt, sowie Ergebnisse der Säuglingssozialisation analysiert. „Expressive“ [ausdrückliche] Akte der Anerkennung stellen eine Metahandlung dar, was durch die Kantische Definition der „Achtung“ bestätigt wird. Die Schlussfolgerung liegt klar auf der Hand: Die Anerkennung ist vorrangig; die bloß kognitive Identifikation ist der Sonderfall der Neutralisierung der „ursprünglichen“ [originären] Anerkennung. ...

... idea of a democratic constitutional state (he considers the principles of a social state as a mission of the state rather than a subjective right of citizens), and argues that dictatorship and tyranny deserve resistance. Prof. Dr. Höffe gives detailed definitions of the notions of transcendental exchange, categorical legal principles, enlightened liberal democracy, and a world republic. This interview will supplement the body of Prof. Dr. Höffe’s works that have already been translated into Russian....

... paper investigated the historical and philosophical context of the notions of “tradition” and the “purpose-task” in the philosophy of Sergius Hessen. The article identified the meaning of values and hierarchy of values of Heinrich Rickert in definition of the notions of “tradition” and “purpose-task” and the main principle of their interaction. 1. Гессен С. И. Основы педагогики. Введение в прикладную философию. М., 1995. 2. ...

... turn from studying [empirical] objects to analysing the [transcendental] conditions of their cognition. Metaphysically, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the crucial distinction between the thing in itself and the appearance. To give a more precise definition of Kant’s thing in itself, this article considers three theses. Firstly, Kant’s thing in itself is not an object in the usual sense. It is a methodological notion rather than an actual object. There are several possible conceptualisations ...

... suitably be compared. However, such comparison requires viewing the EU as an intermediate stage in the establishment of global peace union. The comparative analysis of Kant’s theory and the European project, the EU in its current form suits Kant’s definition of a federation of sovereign states, united for the purpose of securing peace, and in some respects went even further. The process of European integration has transformed Europe’s regional buildup from the arena of regular war conflicts into ...

This article focuses on the question of what “progress in knowledge” (Fortschritt im Wissen) since the Enlightenment could mean. The answer is rooted in a shift in perspective in our understanding of the Enlightenment, and in an awareness of the gnoseotope at the center of this perspectival shift. Given the fact that human knowledge has always been considered li­mited, the axiom called gnoseotope (from Greek gnōsis: cognition, know­ledge and topos: place, area, field) can be defined as the area of...

... both the unity of and the necessary distinctions between theoretical and practical reasons in the system of transcen¬dental philosophy. When considering the monistic nature of Hermann Cohen’s philosophical sys¬tem, the author gives a more detailed definition of this characteristic: it is not monism but a sys¬tematic unity of culture. It is proven that monism is not detected in Cohen’s system, nor is it a mo¬nistic philosophical monolith in relation to other variants of transcendental philosophy....

... to the correlation between liberal and socialist ideas in the social and philosophical conception of the prominent methodologist of social sciences and a Neo-Kantian legal theorist Bogdan Kistyakovsky. The author stresses the uncertainty of both the definition of liberalism and the principles behind attributing concrete thinkers to this movement. The article emphasises the inconsistency of classifying Kistyakovsky’s socio-philosophical concept as liberal. The analysis performed is based on Kistyakovsky’s ...

... abstract nature of mathematical knowledge (cognition) as the “construction of concepts in intuition” (see: “to construct a concept means to exhibit a priori the intuition corresponding to it”; [CPR, A 713/В 741], which is “thoroughly grounded on definitions, axioms, and demonstrations” [CPR, A 726/В 754]. Unlike specific ‘physical’ objects, mathematical objects are of abstract nature and they are introduced using Hume’s principle of abstraction. Based on the doctrine of schematism, Kant ...

... between the theories and their common principles. Unlike Gadamer, Kant focuses on general aesthetic categories and aesthetic perception rather than artistic phenomena. Kant’s thesis about ‘disinterested liking’ and the correlation between Kant’s definitions of art and cognition are considered. Kant distinguishes between aesthetic judgment and cognition, whereas Gadamer defines art as a method of cognition, an event that can become genuine under the condition of maximum of understanding. The author ...

... (discussed in Kant’s other ethical writings) — and a love of delight (aesthetical love), further divided into the sensual and intellectual love. The sensual love of delight is identified with sexual love. The intellectual love of delight eludes definition, since such delight is difficult to perceive. The collision between vital and moral love results in a need to examine under what conditions relations between the sexes are compatible with morality. Such an examination is taking the form of ...

... being, and a personality. In this connection, different types of reason identified by Kant are stressed and the features of “pure practical reason” as a necessary condition of human morality are analysed. Further, the article considers Kant’s definition of evil as a deviation of rules regulating the actions of a human being from their principle of morality. The author analyses the factors underlying the “predisposition” to evil. It is emphasised that Kant measures wickedness not by deeds ...

... by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz only at the end of the 17th century, a major dispute about it was triggered by Christian Wolff who had considerable influence on the German philosophy of Enlightenment. In German Metaphysic, he presented the “strong” definition of the principle and its proof. As a result, freedom was restricted, because the principle of sufficient reason implies the unlimited necessity of all things and excludes the possibility of any happenstance, at least in the real world. It had ...

... rights and responsibilities rather than a being affected by emotions and passion as from the psychological perspective or that guided by their own interests as from the economic one.The Russian philosopher also stresses the evident positivity of the definition of ethics in Cohen’s principle of the law of truth that can be correctly perceived only within a combination of the logical and the ethical. 1. Дмитриева Н. А. Русское неокантианство: Марбург в России....

... morals is revealed not in the creation of ideal projects but rather in the need for action: the moral law must be implemented in the outside world. The theory of standards and ethics evaluates moral foundations as an internal absolute value. However, a definition of morals is meaningful only as an individual experience of a person, social requirements become moral only through a self-determined person. Being critical and formal, the moral principle does not eliminate the possibility of a combination ...

... abstract nature of mathematical knowledge (cognition) as the “construction of concepts in intuition” (see: “to construct a concept means to exhibit a priori the intuition corresponding to it”; [CPR, A713/В 741], which is “thoroughly grounded on definitions, axioms, and demonstrations” [CPR, A726/В 754]. Mathematical objects, unlike specific ‘physical’ objects, are of abstract nature (a-obj¬ects vs. the-objects) and are introduced (defined) within Hume’s principle of abstraction. Based ...

Logical hylomorphism considers logic as a theory of formal relations. However, it is difficult to give a precise definition of these relations due to a multitude of interpretations of formality in logic. This paper acknowledges the dichotomy of the substantial and dynamic models of formality. Firstly, the author suggests revising certain interpretations of Aristotelian ...

... Deleuze). Maimon’s attitude toward Kant’s views on the nature of analytic judgments underwent an essential change in the process of his theoretical evolution: while in “Essay on Transcendental Philosophy” (1790) he had generally agreed with the definitions given to them by Kant, in “Essay Towards a New Logic or Theory of Thought” (1794) he already accomplished a detailed criticism of Kant’s differentiation between analytic and synthetic judgments. According to Maimon, the definition given ...

... can suitably be compared. However, such comparison requires viewing the EU as an intermediate stage in the establishment of global peace union. The comparative analysis of Kant's theory and the European project, the EU in its curent form suits Kant's definition of a federtion of souvereign states, united for the purpose of securing peace, and in some respects went even further. The process of European integration has transformed Europe’s regional build up from the arena of regular war conflicts ...

... helps to achieve harmony, avoid complex emotional states, makes a person strong, spiritually elevates them, protects them from the temptation to sin, helps in self-understanding. An essential aspect of the conceptualization of prayer for Tolstoy is the definition of the conditions for its performance. Tolstoy understands prayer exclusively as an intimate, non-church appeal to God. Tolstoy believes that prayer should be carried out with complete abstraction from everything mundane. Tolstoy warns against ...

... the terms «image» and «literary im­age» as a concept of cognitive science (in humanities: linguistics, psychology, cognitive studies, literary studies). It analyses different approaches to defining these terms, aiming at focusing on a cognitive definition of image. The article contains an overview of the analysis of the term in psychology: psychoanalytic approach, the theory of reflection, cognitive psychology. It describes cognitive features of image and the ways of their representation in ...

... importance of extralinguistic context, the knowledge of which enables to interpret the meanings of lexical units as cogni­tive phenomena. Among the basic techniques of conceptualization being de­scribed are nomination, predication (identifying the main definitional features of the concept, actualized in the utterance) and figurative-descriptive repre­sentations (such as ontological cognitive metaphors). The study has shown that the complex use of the above mentioned tools enriches the interpretation ...

... Калининград, 2019. С. 328—335. 8. Cambridge Dictionary. URL: http://dictionary.cambridge.org (дата обраще­ния: 16.02.2021). 9. Freeman R. E. Strategic management. A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge, 2006. 10. Knight J. Updating the Definition of Internationalization // International Higher Education. 2003. Vol. 33. P. 2—3. 11. Macmillan Dictionary. URL: https://www.macmillandictionary.com/diction nary/british/collaboration (дата обращения: 16.02.2021). 12. Narodowy ...

This paper describes ways to interpret the lexemes paradise and hell in definition-like aphorisms resembling a dictionary entry. These definitions use both traditional universal ways to interprets words and specific ones, in particular, association, antonymy-based dis­tinction, repetition-based distinction, and formal signalling. When association is invoked, the lexemes paradise and ...

... dynamics the author identifies specific contexts containing various kinds of special questions in the three versions of the Gospel. These contexts are compared according to a number of parameters. The author structures his research in the following way: 1) definition of the special question as a type and the description of the types of special questions; 2) a brief description of the compared versions of the Gospel; 3) an inventory of question words for each version of the Gospel and a brief etymological ...

... describe the basic properties of human lan­guage as a complex self-organizing system of processes. Active and subjective character of reality and knowledge representation in human mind determines the main pro­perties of language. The author offers a definition of language correspond­ing to this approach and describes the differences between anthro­pocentrism and anthropomorphism in linguistics. The author investigates the role of ‘hu­man factor’ in the analysis of different linguistic phenomena....

.... D. Dovlatov’s prose and examines the littlestudied intertextual process of filiation. The filial offshoot of a literary text is related to, and separate from, the initial text and is written by the same author. The study presents a ‘working’ definition of filiation and outlines its basic principles — a creative use of clichés, text reduplication, and the employment of the parent text’s ‘genomes’. 1. Барт Р. Избранные работы: Семиотика. Поэтика....

... What are we doing? // Marketing Urbano International Conference. Torino, 1994. P. 643—649. 17. Ashworth G., Kavaratzis M. Towards effective place brand management: Branding European cities and regions. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010. 18. Anholt S. Definitions of Place Branding — Working towards a resolution // Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 2010. Vol. 6, № 1. Р. 1—10. 19. Bad-Lauchstaedt. URL: http://www.bad-lauchstaedt.info/ (дата обращения: 17.04.2018). 20. Dresden....

... Saussure: l’invention du couple “signifiant” et “signifié” chez Malherbe // Bibliothèque d'humanité et Renaissance. 2016. Vol. 78, issue 1. Р. 147—154. 3. Centre national de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales. URL: http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/ (дата обращения: 01.03.2016). 4. Diderot D., Alembert J.-B. Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers. Nouvelle impression en fac-similé de la première édition de 1751—1780. Stuttgart,...

... кодекс Российской Федерации: текст с изм. и доп. на 25 мая 2013 г. М., 2013. 18. Bryan A. Garner. Black’s Law Dictionary. 9th ed. A Thomson Reuters business, 2009. 19. Free legal dictionary. URL: http://definitions.uslegal.com (дата обращения: 20.01.2017).

... of non-standard tasks, identifies their main characteristics related to the formation of cognitive competence in mathematical education. The article explores ways of solving heuristic, research, and creative problems. A comprehensive approach to the definition of the nonstandard task is proposed. The proposed structure of the problem is based on the following scheme: content — form of presentation — process of solving — result. The authors give examples of mathematical problems that can be ...

... considers SD Dovlatov’s prose to examine the little-studied intertextual process of filiation. The filial offshoot of a literary text is related to, and separate from, the initial text and is written by the same author. The study presents a ‘working’ definition of filiation and outlines its basic principles — a creative use of clichés, text reduplication, and the employment of the parent text’s ‘genomes’. 1. Барт Р. Избранные работы: Семиотика. Поэтика....