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Liver size varies widely according to age and different body types. Palpation and percussion are standard techniques to measure liver size, but are not accurate enough to detect a small increase. Accurate measurement of the liver by sonography is particularly relevant when a patient is suspected ...

... of various formulas used to calculate the standard volume of the liver. The authors identify formulas most adequate for a comparison with volumetry results obtained using JT Childs’s easy-touse formula. The study employed the anthropometric data (age, sex, and weight) and the calculations of body height, body surface area (BSA), and liver sizes of 36 healthy volunteers. The volume of the liver was determined using different formulas that take into account either the body surface area or the product ...

This article presents the results of a hematological assay of blood (leucocytes, mean value of absolute and relative values of the leucocyte population: lymphocytes, total eosinophil, basophils, monocyte, and neutrophil count) in the military and reserve personnel. Seasonal, gender and age-dependent features in blood parameter changes are identified. 1. Назаренко Г. И., Кишкун А. А. Клиническая оценка результатов лабораторных исследований М., 2005. 2. Козинец Г. И., Сарычева Т.Г, Луговская С. А...

This study reveals the nature of variations in the information status of liver tissue in dogs of reproductive age suffering fr om hepatic adenoma, liver cancer, and non-cancer diseases. It is shown that, in case of non-cancer pathological conditions, the liver tissue system mobilizes the existing structural adaptation resources while tending towards destruction....

The article presents regress equations of age-related average height changes by growth classes and of general wood pulp by average height and density of the black saxaul forest stand, derived as a result of statistical modelling. 1. Хлюстов В.   К. Древесный прирост и лесопользование / С.Пб. лесотех. акад. СПб., 1992. Деп. в ВНИПИЭИ леспром. 06.05.92. №   2842-лб92. 2. Хлюстов В.   К. Возрастная динамика продуктивности саксауловых древо­стоев Средних пустынь Казахстана // Экспериментальная информация...

The solution to the problem of immune memory generation in pathological processes of various kinds is a subject of theoretical investigations of the biomedical science. The role of immune memory in different diseases is ambiguous and may have both positive and negative consequences. It necessitates the search for effective ways of its regulation (by either endocrine or external influence), which, in some cases (infectious and tumourous disease), aim to strengthen and, in other cases (autoimmune diseases...

Integration of migrants is an intrinsic part of the modern life of almost all European states pursuing an active migration policy. This article sets out to identify socioeconomic and demographic conditions for the formation of a national migrant integration policy in the framework of implementing European directives. The study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of efficient integration policy development. The article presents an overview of the major forms of social integration...

The article analyzes the development of EU — Russia energy relations through the lens of the evolution of three parameters: the political agenda (the Energy Dialogue), the institutional structure, and the legal modalities. The identification of these three aspects for assessing the evolution of EU — Russia energy relations is the novelty in the author’s approach. This study aims to identify the previous stages and assess the current state of EU — Russia energy dialogue, since they set out conditions...

The processes related to the development of international tourism in Lithuania are of importance for the growth of economic, social, and cultural welfare. The increasing tourist and recreational attractiveness of such cities as Druskininkai, Trakai, Palanga, Vilnius, and Klaipeda to international tourists, as well as an advantageous quality-price ratio of the services offered contribute to the growth of competitiveness on the international tourism market. Service standards applied in Lithuania at...

The creation of an area of freedom, security and justice is one of the most rapidly developing aspects of European integration. It this paper, we take a look at the foreign policies involved in this process — aside from the internal development of the European Union, they concern a significant number of third countries, including Russia. In our view, the efforts to manage the flow of migrants and asylum seekers constitute a viable part of the external dimension within the AFSJ policies. Much of this...

This article analyses the issues of EU energy policy in the 1990s-the beginning of the 2000s in order to identify the features of energy supply and energy safety of the Baltic region countries. The research and practical significance of the work lies in the stepwise description of actions taken by EU leaders and EU member states in order to formulate a common European energy policy. The 2004 EU enlargement posed the problem of taking into account the features of energy supply of Eastern European...

... dynamics of biogenic element content in the streamflow, the relation of the drainage areas to certain landscapes, the share of agricultural lands and tillage in the drainage areas, the forest-land percentage, a rural population density, and the forest age and type. 1. Isachenko, A. G. 1995. Jekologicheskaja geografija Severo-Zapada. Part. 2.St. Petersburg. 2. Kondratiev, S. A. 2007. Formirovanie vneshnej nagruzki na vodoemy: problemy modelirovanija. St. Petersburg. 3. Kondratiev, S. A. 2008. Matematicheskoe ...

The article analyzes threats to Russia’s national security arising from the development of illicit drug trafficking through the use of digital technologies. The objectives of the study in­clude a comprehensive analysis of contemporary threats to the national security of the Rus­sian Federation caused by the transformation of illicit drug trafficking under the influence of digitalization processes, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of existing means and methods of countering this type...

The objectives of the study, published in two parts, are to analyze the organizational and tactical features of conducting certain investigative actions and, on this basis, to develop prac­tical recommendations within the framework of tactical and forensic support for the investiga­tion of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking using the Internet. The first part of the article examines interaction between the investigator and inquiry bodies and proposes criteria for the admissibility of assigning...

The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by practical issues arising in the formation of intent to illegally distribute prohibited substances when such intent is realized in the course of operational-search measures such as an “operational experiment” and a “test purchase,” since, in cases where this intent is formed under the influence of law enforcement agencies, this necessarily leads to the conclusion that the elements of a crime are absent. The article examines issues related...

The aim of the research is to analyze the contemporary politics of memory in Romania in the early 2020s. The author examines the role and place of intellectual communities as key spaces of memory genesis and the functioning of memorial culture and collective historical memory in the contemporary social and political thought of Romania. The novelty of the study lies in exploring the current stage in the development of the historical politics of Roma­nian society in the context of an objective deficit...

The author examines the main aspects of the modern university activity related to the transformation of the educational system and current socio-cultural conditions of society. Possible strategies for organizing the educational process in a modern Russian university were formulated based on the integration of existing developments in higher education man­agement. These strategies create conditions for responding to the educational needs of young people, taking into account the value orientations...

... algorithm for self-development of such games for teachers. The goals, features and advantages of digital didactic games for the elimination of typical subject-­related and psychological difficulties in the educational activities among students of different ages are shown. The work expands the search base of research in the field of teacher education by analyzing the technology of using digital didactic games in the educational process of general and inclusive secondary education. Methodology and research ...

One direction in the development of food packaging involves the use of biodegradable safe materials along with antimicrobial agents. Among the promising prescribed ingredients for biodegradable films are biopeptides with antimicrobial properties. The research goal was to develop a biodegradable food film using a synthesized antimicrobial peptide. The objects of the study were the peptide, test strains of C. albicans, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. The confirmation of the purity and primary...

Biologically active peptides are considered as preventive and therapeutic agents for vari­ous diseases. Due to the high cost and complexity of isolating native peptides for use in phar­maceuticals, synthetically produced peptides are increasingly being used in dietary supple­ments. The aim of the research is to confirm the similarity and biological activity of synthe­sized peptides compared to native peptides. Synthesized and native peptides from bovine co­lostrum with the code names T1.1 and mpT2...

... methods, as well as grazing and mulching. The methods have been evaluated and compared, and it is suggested that an integrated approach combining several methods may be the most effective solution. However, the characteristics of the affected area, the age of the plants and the use of the affect­ed land must be taken into account to determine the appropriate method. In conclusion, pre­ventive measures are proposed to stop the spread of hogweed seeds. Heracleum Spondylium, eradication methods, effectiveness ...

Russia and China are the countries with an active digital agenda and a high level of In­ternetization of the population. The modern foreign policy vector of the governments of the two countries is aimed at strengthening cooperation, including the digital sphere. The article provides an assessment of the cross-country digital divide with an emphasis on the analysis of the dynamics in the development of information and communication infrastructure and the use of the Internet by the population in 2010—2021...

In contemporary society, the fight against human trafficking has become a significant global issue. Human trafficking is considered a highly latent crime, often perpetrated by organized transnational criminal groups (organizations). Consequently, law enforcement agencies face certain challenges in detecting, investigating, and preventing these crimes. Addressing these issues can be facilitated by the competent use of criminalistic characteristics by law enforcement personnel. The aim of this study...

The army has traditionally played a prominent role in Sudan’s socioeconomic and political life. The events of April 2023 once again confirmed the country’s failure to establish stable political institutions since gaining independence. This study aims to examine the historical prerequisites and conditions that led Sudan into civil war and a humanitarian crisis, ultimately resulting in the degradation and collapse of the state. The article concludes that the armed forces are no longer the only successfully...

... correlation in younger school children between high levels of current stress and reduced self-acceptance, as well as between an increase in current stress and decreased satisfaction with emotional and instrumental support. The respondents were 131 pupils aged 8 to 12 years from years 3 and 4 of a school in the Moscow region. Methodologically, the study relied on the Bazhin-Etkinds colour relationship test, which helped analyse the ranks of preferred colours associated with the concept of ‘self’ and ...

... attention given to fanfics based on Russian and Soviet literature. Of particular interest are those interactions between the author and the reader where there is a tendency for these roles to merge. The study explores readership preferences based on age and selected text stimuli. It also provides an overview of authors’ preferences and the most popular source materials, analysing ficwriters’ selection of prose, genres (such as fantasy and science fiction) and prevalent themes (including love,...