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... the basis of the methodological structure of the so-called Stanford model developed by G. Almond and P. Bourdieu's theory of capital. This article reconstructs the course of political changes in the Republic of Lithuania at the initial stage of its independence, in the framework of which the key role was played by «moral politicians», most of whom subsequently retired from politics. Focusing on the situation in Lithuania, this research sets out to show the continuous dependence of today's policies ...

This article analyses the factors of the development of the Kaliningrad region. Expanding G. M. Fedorov’s complex analysis, the author identifies a new independent class of factors (aderoid factors) that have a significant impact on the regional development and are subject to an independent study. The analysis of aderoid factors makes it possible to create a management system that would change the sign ...

... employed as the main research methods. As a result, the study identifies key elements of de facto membership, in­cluding alignment of foreign policy, conditionality of integration, the significance of the ener­gy component in economic interaction, independent initiatives by third countries to incorpo­rate the acquis communautaire into domestic legislation, the importance of a shared cultural identity, as well as quantitative indicators—namely, the orientation of more than 50 % of a country’s ...

... the conclusion that strengthening cyber defense and achieving information sovereignty require a comprehen­sive approach that combines technological development, effective regulation, and international cooperation, while simultaneously ensuring the independence of the national digital space. cybersecurity, information sovereignty, critical information infra­structure, import substitution, sovereign internet, information security, international information security 121-132 10.5922/vestnikhum-2025-4-10

... macro-identity is shaped through the promotion of media symbols and meaning-laden narratives. The study identifies key new factors influencing the formation of macro-identity, including orientation toward new geopolitical trends, the popularization of independent social networks, and the perception of the Western world as progressive. Based on the results of the study, macro-identification is conceptualized as a political instrument for transitioning states from one civilizational paradigm to another,...

... human societies in the event of the collapse of this idea. The study examines the phenomenon of a specific historical type of world order that emerged at the turn of the nine­teenth and twentieth centuries. Its aim is to conceptualize this order as an independent model of world organization. The article demonstrates that this order was characterized by the con­centration of power in a limited number of nation-states (world powers) that exercised control over multiethnic societies and pursued policies ...

... such territories, to note measures to overcome the socio-economic depression of the territory. The study showed that depressed territories were formed under the leading role of economic factors (economic crises, reforms), while they are not able to independently get out of the current situation without targeted state support. Such similar definitions as “marginal territory” and “marginalization”, “periphery” and “peripheralization”, “abandoned places”, “polarization” are ...

... Considerable attention was paid to the training of specialists in the history of Russian law at both faculties. However, the shortage of well-established academic staff in Harbin necessitated sending students to European research centers. In Prague, an independent training system for this discipline emerged. Nevertheless, the outcome proved to be unproductive—with only one master’s and one doctoral dissertation in the field of the history of Russian law within the framework of the pre-revolutionary ...

... process. Examples of procedural and criminalistic errors in presenting individuals for identification in conditions that exclude visual observation by the identifier are examined. The essence of presenting individuals for identification is defined as an independent investigative action, the procedure of which is regulated by Article 193 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The main characteristic of identification is identified as the recognition (identification) of the presented ...

... Russian am­bas­sadors in Vienna. In conclusion, it is emphasized that thanks to the active position of the Ser­bian urban class and patronage from Russia, the Austrian Serbs managed to maintain their adherence to the faith of their ancestors and the independence of their church throughout the 18th century. This became the key to preserving their national and cultural identity in an alien, foreign environment. Austrian monarchy, Russia, Serbs, Orthodox Church, struggle against the union, Metropolis ...

... stage of initiating a criminal case, the legal regulation of which has undergone significant changes, has been carried out. The participation of the prosecutor in the stage of initiating a criminal case is limited by the lack of his rights to prove, independent decision-making at this stage. As a result of the implementation of the concept of the procedural independence of the preliminary investigation body, the prosecutor is currently suspended by law from direct participation in the first stage ...

The author identifies the features of ironic narration in general and the narrative of a lit­erary work in particular. The main characteristics of irony as an independent textual catego­ry, encompassing hidden authorial evaluation, have been established. Based on the analysis of N. V. Gogol's works, it is concluded that the ironic narrative of the writer is built on mecha­nisms that generate contradiction ...

... criteria are formulated to identify the presence of a defect in the criminal procedure law. After studying the various views of scientists on the prospects for the development of the theory of legislative defects, taking into account the specifics and independence of the functioning of the conceptual apparatus of the criminal procedure law, the author’s concept of defects of the criminal procedure law is formulated. The existing views on the classification of defects of the law are presented, the ...

... Revolution of 1908, their attitudes towards the development of the revolutionary situation, and the judgments of the Russian right-wing about the consequences of the power shift in the Ottoman Empire. These questions have not previously been the subject of independent research in the scientific literature. Based on materials from right-wing periodicals (newspapers “Zemshchina,” “Russkoe Znamya,” “Moskovskie Vedomosti,” “Kolokol,” “Kievlyanin,” “Novoe Vremya”) and journalistic works ...

... subplots: the story of the MASSOLIT members and their relationship with the Master, the Moscow Variety Theater and its employees, and Margarita’s story. The story of Woland and his retinue was closely intertwined with the other plots and did not form an independent fragment. analysis of a literary work, literary work, onomasticon-based, natural language processing 47-60 10.5922/vestnikpsy-2024-4-5

The sustained interest in using project-based learning in higher education is driven by the need to prepare students for solving real-world problems and the potential of project activities to develop students’ independence, cognitive, and creative abilities. Based on psychological and pedagogical literature, the authors emphasize the importance of pedagogical and organizational support for students’ project activities. Considering the project assignment, ...

... formed in the 1930s and 1940s, was strongly influenced by the classic of Soviet literature. In Ancharov’s lyrics, the influence of Mayakovsky (especially his early works) manifests at various levels: at the level of the lyrical hero’s character — independent and expressive, particularly in love (“Pykhom klubit par...” (Steam Billows...), “Tsyganochka” (The Gypsy Girl)); in urban motifs, the theme of a person’s tragic lostness in a huge city (“Pesnya o nizkoroslom cheloveke...” (Song ...

... solving legal problems, the ability to apply knowledge in choosing methods for collecting, structuring, and analyzing information, mastery of techniques for composing, formatting, and monitoring the evaluation of legal solutions, as well as the ability to independently apply knowledge for collecting, structuring, and analyzing information, work in a team, demonstrate persistence in solving legal problems, and evaluate the effective­ness of the decision made. The obtained data on the practical implementation ...

... Kant within the framework of practical philosophy that have not exhausted their heuris­tic potential to this day. First, I show the significance of the correlation between moral law and freedom. Since a rational being believes that his/her will is independent of external influences, the will turns out to be governed by the moral law and is autonomous. Morality and freedom are correlated through independence from the external. Accordingly, if the actions of artificial intelligence (AI) are determined ...

....org/10.1007/978-3-319-00026-8 . Bergson, H., 2002. The Two Sources of Morality and Religion. Translated by R. A. Audra and C. Brereton. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. Björk, B. C., Shen, C. and Laakso, M., 2016. A Longitudinal Study of Independent Scholar-Published Open Access Journals. PeerJ, 4, e1990. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1990 . Brickhouse, T. C. and Smith, N. D., 2005. Socrates’ Daimonion and Rationality. Apeiron, 38(2), pp. 43-62. https://doi.org/10.1515/apeiron.2005....

... established in the interests of the ruling social estates, as the best European brains contended throughout the Enlightenment era, thus anticipating and justifying revolutionary upheavals, or is it within ourselves who have refused to use our reason independently and regularly? — something which Kant unequivocally considers to be everyone’s special kind of guilt. Following Kant, I look for an answer to the question, “Which limits impede Enlightenment, and which limits, far from obstructing ...

The article aims to illustrate the inadequacy of viewing semiotics as a mere extension of linguistic methods applied to non-linguistic objects. It highlights the dual and recursive na­ture of semiotic terms. Semiotics' objects are not independent signs but rather the processes involved in establishing sign relations, specifically semiosis and semiopoiesis. Given the dy­namic character of semiosis, signs should not be regarded as fixed objects from a predefined vocabulary; instead,...

... real or fictional object becomes a constituent of thought, i. e., the sense of the sentence. Fic­tions themselves become components of thought when they are found in an indirect context, wherein their sense serves as their denotation. When considered independently, the sense of a proper noun is an entity with a parameter that acquires a value in the specific situation where the name is employed by a particular speaker. Frege's foundational concepts are juxtaposed with certain aspects of Aristotle ...

... poet, revealing the role of conceptualizations in the development of creative individuality and the associated rhythm. A comprehensive examination of Bibikhin's expertise in verse and his poetry addresses several related questions: how late Sovi­et independent philosophy initially interpreted cultural creativity, not predetermined but aimed at the formation of universal social organization; how hermeneutic efforts were directed towards metacritique of social rituals; and how composing verses helped ...

..., making them accomplices in the 'burial' of everything associated with 'old' values. Therefore, as a poetic image, Baudelaire's 'flowers of evil' align with the explored 'imago' methodology as they generate multiple interpretive chains representing independent acts of creativity. Anisova, A. A. and Zhuk, M. I., 2006. The Archetype of the Shadow in G. Hesse’s novel “Steppenwolf” from the point of view of the theory of analytical psychology by C. G. Jung. In: Kul'turno-yazykovye kontakty ...

... interpretation? Infor­mational, Peircean and code-semiotic views on biosemiotics. Biosemiotics, 6 (1), pp. 143—159, https://doi . org/10.1007/s12304—012—9153—5. Carter Jr., C. W. and Wolfenden, R., 2015. tRNA acceptor-stem and anticodon bases form independent codes related to protein folding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 112, pp. 7489—7494, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1507569112 . Collier, J., 2014. Signs Without Minds. In: V. Romanini and E. Fernández, eds. Peirce and ...

... Philosophy, 29, pp. 571-599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-010-9076-8 Exdell, J., 1977. Distributive Justice: Nozick on Property Rights. Ethics, 87(2), pp. 142-149. https://doi.org/10.1086/292025 Feser, E., 2000. Taxation, Forced Labor, and Theft. The Independent Review, 5(2), pp. 219-235. Feser, E., 2005. Self-Ownership and Personal Identity. Social Philosophy & Policy, 22(2), pp. 100-125. https://doi.org10.1017/s0265052505052052 Frederick, D., 2014. Voluntary Slavery. Las Torres de Lucca: Revista ...

... systematic consid­eration of their religious and cultural components. The application of a civilizational approach helped reveal the uniqueness of each tradition. It is established that Protestant (Calvinist and Lutheran) models emphasize the development of independence and discipline through demo­cratic interaction. The Catholic model is built on hierarchical teacher-centrism, aimed at cul­tivating a harmoniously developed personality. Orthodox pedagogy focuses on the spiritual transformation of the individual ...

... of Lithuania, including editions of the Vilnius Brotherhood. It is shown how the rela­tively new tradition of compiling collections of private prayer books, not included in the litur­gical cycle, could have served as a stimulus for Shakhovsky’s independent creation of a corpus of small daily petitions. The prerequisites for the creation of two unusual concluding prayers of the corpus are examined in detail. The result of the study is the substantiation of the special character of Prince S. I....

... example of one of the first Russian female writers. The article examines the creative path of Alexandra Petrovna Khvostova (née Kheraskova), a distinctive Russian writer of the 18th century whose work, nevertheless, has not yet become the subject of independent scholarly research. At the same time, any account of the origins of Russian women’s prose cannot be considered complete without reference to her name. Within the framework of the article, an attempt is made to classify Khvostova’s literary ...

The article analyzes the features of synesthetic conceptualization of time through the prism of the category of color, based on the works of W. Shakespeare. It is demonstrated that color, not being an independent entity but a quality, acquires in the space of the literary text additional metonymically conditioned meanings through its correlation with the phenomena of existence, in some cases rising to the level of value-­laden symbolic co-meanings....

... grade, and type of self-governance. To answer these questions, a cross­-sectional study was conducted with students in grades 9—11 (n = 236) using questionnaires on self-regulation strategies, metacognition, and agency. The results of the Welch’s independent samples test showed that students involved in self-governance more frequently apply cognitive self-regulation strategies, as well as metacognitive strategies (planning, monitoring, and reflection). However, their agency is lower compared to ...

... development of internet technologies creates new tools for citizen participation in municipal politics. The distinctive features of digital forms of political participation in the activities of local self-government bodies allow them to be regarded as an independent type of civic political engagement. At the same time, the problems of informational inequality among municipalities and technical limitations in the use of internet technologies remain relevant. Among the digital forms of citizen participation ...

... relationships, and the geopolitical influence on specific regional actors are undergoing transformation. One such region is Central Asia. In this article, the region is viewed primarily as a community of five former Soviet republics that have become independent states. However, it is important to recognize that Central Asia also encompasses Afghanistan, Mongolia, and parts of India, China, and Russia, which significantly broadens the concept of the region and increases its geopolitical significance....

.... Biagini, M., 2016. Revisiting Ethnography for Dialogue Interpreting Research. In: Bendazzoli C. and C. Monacelli, eds. Addressing Methodological Challenges in Interpre ­ ting Studies Research . Cambridge Scholars, pp. 61—84. Buzelin, H., 2006. Independent Publisher in the Networks of Translation. TTR, 19 (1), pp. 135—173. Buzelin, H., 2007. Translation Studies, ethnography and the production of knowledge. In: P. St-Pierre and P. C. Kar, eds. In Translation — Reflections, Refractions,...

Ambiguity implies that there are at least two distinct senses ascribed to one sign. It is in­herent to language and speech. In this article, I reflect on the types of ambiguity, its typology, production and effect and propose an algorithm for tackling ambiguity in translation. I posit that the choice of a translation strategy and the need for disambiguation in general depend on the type of ambiguity, its sources and character, i. e. whether ambiguity is intended or not. Intended ambiguity occurs...

... punchline plays an important role in pirozhoks and poroshoks. In Russian, the punchline is termed puant, which is a borrowing from French (la pointe). The truncation of the final line in a poroshok puts it in a special position. The truncated line, independently or together with the third line, comprises the punchline of a poroshok. The punchline is practically mandatory and may be presented in greater detail inasmuch as it does not simply violate the reader’s expectations but enters into conflict ...

... Discourse, Media and Translation. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars. pp. 178—197. Valdeón, R.A., 2005. The CNNenespañol News. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 13(4), pp. 255—267. 10.1080/09076760608668996. Valdeón, R.A., 2007. Ideological Independence or Negative Mediation: Bbc Mundo and Cnn En Español's (Translated) Reporting of Madrid's Terrorist Attacks. In: M. Salama-Carr, ed. Translating and Interpreting Conflict. Amsterdam: Rodopi. pp. 99—118. Valdeón, R.A., 2015a. Fifteen Years ...

... moral, philosophical, and fictional ones. These oppositions emphasise the novel’s leitmotif (the metaphor of the road as a person’s life journey) and its central moral-philosophical idea and dilemma — the tragic fate of a person who has chosen the independent path of overcoming death with life. I stress the correlation between the themes of life and death, which gravitate in the novel towards a difficult, yet clear victory of life over death. I trace how the autobiographical character- narrator ...

This article discusses the potential of the linguistic persona theory in the linguistic studies of Kant’s texts. Linguistic Kant studies is a scientific discipline focusing on the language of Kant's works. Such a study can be either independent or integrated int a logicalphilosophical analysis. The author emphasizes Kant’s contribution to the German philosophical and scientific discourse of the Enlightenment and summarizes current findings on the philosopher’s style and language....

... in Transition. Cambridge, 1996. 2. Political Representation and participation in Transitional Democracies: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania / Loftsson E., Choe Y., eds. Sodertoerns hoegskola, 2003. 3. Rozenvalds J. Latvia After Twelve Years of Renewed Independence: the Search for Normality // Latvijas Universitātes Raksti. 663. sēj. Rīga, 2004.

I critically examine the plausibility of Kant’s conception of rationalising, a form of self-deception that plays a crucial role for Kant’s moral psychology and his conception of the functions of critical practical philosophy. The main problem I see with Kant’s conception is that there are no theory-independent criteria to determine whether an exercise of rational capacities constitutes rationalising. Kant believes that rationalising is wide-spread and he charges the popular philosophers and other...

... space through other categories), notes that their use in scientific judgment implies an epistemological givenness of the concept of the object. This I see as a variant of solving one and the same epistemological task. I submit that Lapshin worked out an independent concept of space and time as cognitive forms that are congruent with the spirit of European neo-Kantianism and contemporary science. Beiser, F. C., 2018. Hermann Cohen: An Intellectual Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Belov,...