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... 2009. Kant’s Justification of the Role of Maxims in Ethics. In: K. Ameriks and O. Höffe, eds. 2009. Kant’s Moral and Legal Philosophy. Translated by N. Walker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 134-155. Allison, H. E., 1990. Kant’s Theory of Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Atwell, J. E., 1986. Ends and Principles in Kant’s Moral Thought. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Beck, L. W., 1960. A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. Chicago: The University of ...

... functions in accordance with metaphysical deduction and not in self-consciousness as transcendental deduction claims, but “from the bottom up” if one considers things in the evolutionary dimension, i. e. in the instincts. The second reversal shifts the freedom of will which Kant placed in the same ontological basket with things in themselves at “the top,” to another level of the pyramid of ontologies, by changing dualism to pluralism because dualism is too narrow to accommodate all the autonomous components ...

... other hand, a permanent and universal one. Although the familiarity with the categorical imperative does not always result in a moral action, the familiarity itself alongside the idea of forgiveness may be considered as a manifestation of morality and freedom. 1. Гегель Г. В. Ф. Феноменология духа. СПб., 1992. 2. Гулыга А. В. Кант. М., 1977. 3. Гусейнов А. А. Долг; И. Кант. «Основоположение к метафизике нравов» // Эти­ка: учебник / под общ. ред. А. А. Гусейнова и Е. Л. Дубко. М., 1999. 4. Гусейнов ...

This article focuses on the problem of reconciling a priori and empirical dimensions of freedom, will, and action as the crucial point for understanding the relationship between theoretical and practical reason in Kant’s and Husserl’s practical philosophy. Relying on the explanation of the relationship between transcendental and practical ...

... polemic on Crusian philosophy. This article presents Crusius’s arguments against the theory that this is the best of all possible worlds and in favour of the theory that there are several good worlds. God’s choice of the actual world owes therefore to the freedom of contradiction (libertas contradictionis) and to the freedom of contrariety (libertas contrarietatis), which are eliminated in the teaching of optimism. Anonym. 1753, Leipzig, in: Krause, J. G. (hg.), Neue Zeitungen von gelehrten Sachen ...

... [Post-neo-Kantianism —ontologism / eds. B. Czardybon, L. Augustyn, M. Bohun. Aesthetics and Criticism]. № 26, p. 259—274. 83. Paradowski R. 2011, Mikolaj Bierdiajew i Fiodor Stiepun o wolnosci. Wolnosc jako wiernosc [Nicolai Berdyayev and Fyodor Stepun on freedom. Freedom as fidelity] // Paradowski R. Metafizyka i kultura. Repetycje kartezjanskie [Paradowski R. Metaphysics and culture. Cartesian repetitions]. Warsaw, p. 319—326. 84. Pluta A. 1992, Kultura i ksztalcenie. Proba kulturoznawczego odniesienia ...

... in a hermeneutic rather than Einstein’s sense — time is a function of understanding. In this respect, Donelaitis’s and Kant’s temporologies are similar in terms of personal responsibility for time, which both authors associate with the possibility of freedom. The ‘mystery of freedom’ is a means to combat the ‘mystery of inequity’. 1. Vostochnaja Prussia [Eastern Prussia]. 1996, Kaliningrad. 2. Gulyga, A. 1977, Kant, Moscow. 3. Donelaitis, K. 2005, Vremena goda [Seasons], Kaliningrad. ...

... being has a right to pin their hopes on the future; the task of establishing perpetual peace rests with the human being themselves; as a result, everything depends on the development of personality, since it is that acts in the real world as an agent of freedom and ratio essendi of morality, whereas freedom is the ‘cornerstone’ for people striving for peace with all their hearts. The author of the article believes that the idea of perpetual peace formulated by Saint-Pierre, Rousseau, and Kant is always ...

... 17th century, a major dispute about it was triggered by Christian Wolff who had considerable influence on the German philosophy of Enlightenment. In German Metaphysic, he presented the “strong” definition of the principle and its proof. As a result, freedom was restricted, because the principle of sufficient reason implies the unlimited necessity of all things and excludes the possibility of any happenstance, at least in the real world. It had an adverse effect on philosophy in general and ethics ...

Robert Nozik's political theory contains an attempt to utilize Kant's notion of individual freedom and the second formula of his categorical imperative (“the principle of humanity as an end in itself”) for the justification of his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the ...

... to illustrate that even “common interests” of the ruler and the citizen leave room for a conflict between them. The author analyses Kant’s paradox stating an inversely proportional connection between the level of civil liberties and that of spiritual freedom. The article proposes a hypothesis about the dissident movement as a possible political form of implementingthis paradox. This dilemma helps to formulate the idea of antinomy of political reason, as well as develop its solution based on the notion ...

... Cоловьев Э. Ю. И. Кант: взаимодополнительность морали и права. М., 1992. 7. Шопенгауэр А. Мир как воля и представление / пер. с нем. Ю. И. Айхенвальда. М., 1992. 8. Bahnam G. Kants’s Practical Philosophy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. 9. Gregor M. Laws of Freedom. Oxford, 1963. 10. Hill Th. E. Punishment, Conscience and Moral Worth // Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals: Interpretative Essays / ed. by M. Timmons. Oxford, 2002. P. 233—254. 11. Höffe O. Categorical Principles of Law // transl. by M. Migotti. ...

... works is considered in the light of sociocultural experience of totalitarian system, its later analysis and overcoming. The author address the writers’ interest in the psychological determination of enslavement and the unconscious mechanism of rejecting freedom. 1. Достоевский Ф. М. Братья Карамазовы // Полное собр. соч. : в 30 т. СПб.,1990. Т. 14. 2. Кафка Ф. В исправительной колонии // Собрание соч. : в 5 т. М., 2012.Т. 2. С. 370—388. 3. Фромм Э. Бегство от свободы. М., 2009. 4. Из дневников ...

... transformed by the poet. An analysis of one of the key categories of Romanticism – central to Byron’s oeuvre – helps show that the fictional conflict of the drama manifested in the images of Adam’s sons is based on the antithesis between the true and false freedom, whereas the general literary structure of the mystery is used to direct the reader to the conclusion that it is impossible for a human being to stay beyond good and evil. 1. Байрон Дж. Г. Каин (мистерия) // Байрон Дж. Г. Сочинения : в 3 т. М....

The article shows the development of political practices of the regional government bodies in the field of protecting the rights of citizens to the freedom of conscience and the freedom of religion. The author analyses the principles of regulating the activity of religious organizations, and monitoring their interaction with different religious confessions in the Saratov region. Special attention ...

... распространением сети Интернет во все сферы общественной жизни, что приносит помимо положительных явлений негативные последствия, связанные с отчуждением личности от свободы и ответственности. This article analyses the forms of realization of personal freedom and the mechanism of its embodiment through legal responsibility. The author pays attention to the trends relating to the penetration of the Internet into all spheres of public life, which has not only positive, but also negative consequences ...

... beliefs of A. I. Herzen (1812—1870) and Christian — both Russian and Western — conservatives. The author emphasizes that the attraction and repulsion between the freedom-loving supporter of revolutionary changes, Herzen, and sincere advocates of spiritual freedom — free conservatives — were only natural. 1. Володин А. И. Герцен и Запад // Литературное наследство: Герцен и Запад. М., 1985. 2. Герцен А. И. Былое и думы. Минск, 1971. 3. Герцен А. И. Собр. соч. : в 30 т. М., 1954—1966. 4. Герцен А. ...

This article analyses property right protection in the framework of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and gives the definition of property subject to protection from offences according to the Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and frames the concept of expropriation and ...

The creation of an area of freedom, security and justice is one of the most rapidly developing aspects of European integration. It this paper, we take a look at the foreign policies involved in this process — aside from the internal development of the European Union, they concern ...

... experienced problems in many areas. Nevertheless, cooperation in the field of migration proves to be successful. Through analyzing the EU-Russia migration agenda from the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (1997) to the Roadmap for the Common Space on Freedom, Security and Justice (2005), the article assesses the main results of its implementation, such as the Readmission and Visa Facilitation agreements. Moreover, it stresses the role of Russia as an agenda-setter of the EU migration agenda in the ...

... http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results (accessed 17 December 2010). 4. Vision of Humanity Global Peace Index, available at: http://www.visionofhumanity.org/ (accessed 17 December 2010). 5. Heritage/WSJ Economic Freedom Index, available at: http://www.heritage.org/index/ (accessed 22 February 2011). 6. Maplecroft's new Political Risk Atlas, available at: http://www.maplecroft.com/themes/pr/ (accessed on 22.02.2011). 7. Freedom of the Press, available at: http://www....

... Adjudication (diiudicatio) and Execution (executio) in Kant’s Practical Philosophy (Based on Feyerabend’s Natural Right and Lectures on Ethics). Kantian Jornal, 43(4), pp. 99-124. https://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2024-4-4 . (In Rus.) Moggach, D., 2009. Freedom and Perfection: German Debates on the State in the Eighteenth Century. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 42(4), pp. 1003-1023. Pietsch, L. -H., 2012. Topik der Kritik. Die Auseinandersetzung um die Kantische Philosophie (1781—1788) und ihre ...

... and, secondly, by Tolkien’s unquestionable knowledge of Kant’s practical philosophy. The theme of free creative activity in “Leaf by Niggle” is examined in the context of Kant’s moral imperative, as Tolkien’s narrative presents a conflict between the freedom of creative self-expression and the virtuous life of the protagonist. The study concludes that, in Tolkien’s artistic worldview, the meticulous adherence of a creative individual to the moral law spiritualizes free creativity, endowing the artist’s ...

.... Idealistic study, 26(1), pp. 45-56. Abela, P., 2002. Kant’s Empirical Realism. New York: Oxford University Press. Allais, L., 2015. Manifest Reality. Kant’s Idealism and his Realism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Allison, H., 1996. Idealism and Freedom: Essays on Kant’s Theoretical and Practical Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Asmus, V. F., 1973. Immanuil Kant [Immanuel Kant]. Moscow: Nauka. (In Rus.) Brinkmann, K., 2011. Idealism Without Limits: Hegel and the Problem of Objectivity....

... War. Prepodavatel XXI vek, 2/1, pp. 46-61. (In Rus.) Eisler, R., 1930. Kant-Lexikon: Nachschlagewerk zu Kants sämtlichen Schriften, Briefen und handschriftlichem Nachlass. Hildesheim: Georg Olms. Esteves, J., 2018. The Antagonism between Nature and Freedom in Kant’s Philosophy. In: V. L. Waibel, M. Ruffing and D. Wagner, eds. 2018. Natur und Freiheit. Akten des XII. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 1023-1030. Ferguson, M., 2012. Unsocial Sociability: Perpetual Antagonism ...

... activities. The period of “war communism” was characterized by extremely harsh measures regarding the state control of cooperatives. During the New Economic Policy, the legislator adopted imperial cooperative legislation, granting democratic rights and freedoms to cooperatives. This was driven by the difficult financial situation of the population, especially peasants, and the acute shortage of food products. The policy of building a socialist state determined the further fate of agricultural cooperation,...

... professional pedagogical values. Attitudes, means, knowledge, qualities relevant for the educational process are shown to be subordinated to the main value — the need to provide the student with the knowledge and skills necessary to achieve maximum technical freedom for a full artistic interpretation of a musical work. A conclusion is drawn that the rich axio­logical potential inherent in the Russian piano education is one of the key prerequisites for successful cross-cultural transmission of experience in ...

... universiteta v Prage [Academic Proceedings of the Russian Public University in Prague], 1, pp. 235-243. (In Rus.) Lapshin, I. I., 1931. Dostoevsky’s Metaphysics. Volya Rossii [Russia’s Will], 1-2, pp. 59-84. (In Rus.) Lapshin, I. I., 1941. The Controversy over Freedom of Will in Contemporary Philosophy. Zapiski Russkogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo ob’edineniya v Prage [Notes of the Russian Research Association in Prague], 11(81). (In Rus.) Lapshin, I. I., 1944. On the Originality of Russian Art. Russkoe nauchno-issledovatelskoe ...

... Kant’s Biological Teleology and Its Philosophical Significance. In: G. Bird, ed. 2006. A Companion to Kant. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 455-469. Goy, I., 2015. The Antinomy of Teleological Judgment. Studi Kantiani, 28, pp. 65-88. Guyer, P., 2014. Freedom, Happiness, and Nature: Kant’s Moral Teleology (CPJ §§83-4, 86-7). In: I. Goy and E. Watkins, eds. 2014. Kant’s Theory of Biology. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 221-237. Hamid, N., 2018. Being and The Good: Natural Teleo­logy in Early Modern ...

... by the more accurate term “openness.” Like publicity, openness implies accessibility of knowledge to the largest possible number of people. However, openness is a broader concept: it makes it possible both to explain the interconnection between the freedom of reason and its publicity advocated by Kant and to draw a demarcation line between Socrates and the Sophists who were also public intellectuals. Whereas the Sophists sought personal gain and popularity, Socrates viewed the practice of philosophy ...

... Thoughts, Letters, and Minor Works. New York: P. F. Collier & Son, pp. 9-321. Rawls, J., 1999. A Theory of Justice. Revised Edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sakharov, A. D., 1968. Thoughts on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom. The New York Times, July 22, p. 14. Schönfeld, M., 2008. Green Kant: Environmental Dynamics and Sustainable Policies. In: L. P. Pojman and P. Pojman, eds. 2008. Environmental Ethics. Belmont: Thomson-Wadsworth, pp. 49-60. Startseva, A. and Sabanov,...

... Absolutely the first truths. In: G. W. Leibniz, ed. Sochineni­ya v chetyrekh tomakh [Papers in four volumes]. Vol. 3. Translated by G. G. Mayorov. Moscow, pp. 123—126 (in Russ.). Leibniz, G. W., 1989. Experiments of theodicy about the goodness of God, the freedom of man and the beginning of evil. In: G. W. Leibniz, ed. Sochineniya v chety­rekh tomakh [Papers in four volumes]. Vol. 4. Translated by F. A. Smirnov. Mos­cow (in Russ.). Lenzen, W., 1995. Frege und Leibniz. In: I. Max, ed. Logik und Mathematik ...

... "Deep Semiotics" Concept. Voprosy filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 11, pp. 115—125, https://doi.org/10.31857/S004287440007358-8 (in Russ.). Tulchinskii, G. L., 2019b. Telo svobody: otvetstvennost' i voploshchenie smysla [The Bo­dy of Freedom: Responsibility and Embodiment of Meaning]. St. Petersburg, 470 p. (in Russ.). Tulchinskii, G. L., 2022a. Apophatic and Institutionalization: Pragma-Semantic Ana­lysis. The Political Conceptology: Journal of Metadisciplinary Research, 3, pp. 29—48,...

... egalitarian universalist conception of human dignity, we can trace the idea of personal dignity back to its origin as an absolute inner value which, unlike external material benefits, has no equivalent, and involves self-legislation, restriction of freedom, and the fulfilling of moral duty. Achenwall, G., 1763. Juris naturalis pars posterior complectens jus familiae, jus publicum et jus gentium in usum auditorum. Göttingen: Bossiegel. Anon., 1751. Von der hohen Würde des Menschen. Der Mensch: ...

... the Birth of Immanuel Kant). Preparation of Remarks and the Accompanying Article by A. V. Shitov. Review of the Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities, 16(3), pp. 268-278. (In Rus.) Noller, J. and Walsh, J., eds. 2022. Kant’s Early Critics on Freedom of the Will. Cambridge, UK; N.Y.: Cambridge University Press. Radishchev, A., 2020. Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Translated by A. Kahn and I. Reyfman. New York: Columbia University Press. Sergius [Hessen, S. I.], 1924. Immanuel Kant ...