2021 Issue №4

The goal of the research is to study how much the mobile electronic devices affect the vision of medical students and assess the degree of impact in relation to the occurrence of eyesight complaints, in particular computer visual syndrome, and to identify the factors that contribute to visual impairment. The author aims at developing measures for the hygienic education of medical students to reduce adverse effects of the use of mobile electronic devices on future doctors. 518 medical students of the 3rd year of General medicine and Pediatric faculties of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University were interviewed. The average age of the respondents was 20.1 ± 0.08 years. Questionnaires to study the effect of gadgets on vision were specially developed at the Department of Hygiene of the Pediatric Faculty of the Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University. There is evidence that half of medical students never do eye exercises; more than 75.0 % of medical students hold a mobile electronic device very close to their eyes at a distance of less than 30 cm while working, which is not in line with hygiene recommendations. Based on the results of this study, simple but easily implemented recommendations were developed for medical students who were included in the checklist for the protection of vision; checklists were tested over the course of two months and recorded positive changes.

The purpose of this work is to study the frequency of birth of premature babies and disability in children and the need to accompany premature babies by a pediatric neuropsychologist in the Kaliningrad region. The disabled children in the Kaliningrad were registered from 2016 to 2020 through statistical reports of the birth rate of premature babies. Against the background of a decrease in the overall birth rate, there is no trend towards a decrease in the birth of premature babies, the disability of the child population has stable indicators. As a result, the most urgent problem is the development of modern neuropsychological methods for early prevention and / or rehabilitation of motor, uneven mental, cognitive developmental disorders in children recognized as disabled when they are 0-3 and 4-7 years old. Mental disorders, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities, which are the main causes of disability in children, deserve special attention. In the Kaliningrad region, 6.4 % — 6.8 % of premature babies are born annually, who are at high risk for the development of disorders of the central nervous system and need to be accompanied by a pediatric neuropsychologist. Neurological and mental diseases prevail in the structure of children’s disability, the share of which is 49.8 %. Most often, premature children are recognized as disabled at the age of 0—3, which is directly related to health deviations in the perinatal period.

The article presents the results of a survey of 127 first-year students of the Medical Institute of the Baltic Federal University named after Immanuel Kant. According to the results of the survey, it turned out that students who do not have academic debts in anatomy and Latin have a more pronounced motivation for learning than students with academic debts in these disciplines. It is shown that successful and unsuccessful students have a different idea of the importance of the subjects of the first semester in their future practical activities.