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• The role of the river Rhine in the formation of spatial structure of the economy of European countries (1st century BC — 19th century AD)

  ... Izd-vo instituta im. Gaidara, 248 p. 7. Sukhov, A. A., 1924, Jekonomicheskaja geografija Germanii [Economic Geography of Germany], Gosudarstvennoe izd-vo Ukrainy, 270 p. Grazhdankin Alexander River Rhine, spatial structure of the economy, Rhine region, structural context 100-108 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-2-11

• The functional significance of modal evaluative component in the concept structure: The case of M. Bulgakov’s novel The Master and Margarita

  ... Методологические проблемы когнитивной лингвистики. Воронеж, 2001. С. 58—65. 10. Bulgakov M. Master and Margaret. L., 1992. Abashova O. concept, modality, modal background, modal meanings, structure of concept, context, concept «duty». 128-133

• The media image of San Escobar in the space of fictional worlds: a socio-semiotic perspective

  The article deals with the process of structuring the concept of the fictitious state of San Escobar from the perspective of social semiotics, including the broadly understood context and media environment for constructing the image. The creation of the internet memes was in­spired by a lapsus linguae of the Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs Witold Waszczykowski. Major changes in the communicative space, the dominance of ...

• Edward Stachura’s existential character and the Polish wedding chronotope

  This article analyses the spatial and temporal structure of Edward Stachura’s short story “The Wedding” in an intertextual dialogue with Sta-nislaw Wyspianski’s play of the same name and in the existential literary-philosophical context. The author focuses on the problem of relations between the individual and the historical national community. The article analyses the logic of solving this problem in the romantic context of Wyspianski’s thinking and the existential context ...

• Network Transformations in Economy

  In the context of ever-increasing market competition, networked interactions play a special role in the economy. The network form of entrepreneurship is increasingly viewed as an effective organizational structure to create a market value embedded in innovative business solutions. The authors study the characteristics of a network as an economic category and emphasize certain similarities between Rus sian and international approaches to identifying interactions ...

• The text in the context of the Tartu Semiotic School: problems and prospects

  ... literatury (in Russ.). Leuta, O. N., 2009. Yu. M. Lotman on the three functions of the text. In: V. Kan­tor, ed. Yurii Mikhailovich Lotman [Yuri Mikhailovich Lotman]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. pp. 294—309 (in Russ.). Lotman, M. Yu., 1984. The semantics of context and subtext in the poetry of Mandelstam. International Journal of Slavic Linguistic and Poetics, 19, pp. 133—142 (in Russ.). Lotman, M. Yu., 1988. Semanticheskaya struktura svyaznogo teksta i problemy ee pred­stavleniya v AIPS [The semantic structure of a coherent text and the problems of its presentation in AIPS]. Tallinn: Eesti Informatsiooni Instituut (in Russ.). Lotman, M. Yu., 1995. Behind the text: notes on the philosophical background of Tartu semiotics. In: Lotmanovskii sbornik [Lotman ...

• Implications of J. L. Holland’s theory: applicability of RIASEC structure and assessment to English language teachers of the Kaliningrad region

  .... Status of theories of career choice and development // Career choice and development: applying contemporary theories to practice. San Francisco, 2002. P. 510—515. 9. Bullock E., Lindsay A., Braud J. Reardon R. Holland’s Theory in international context : applicability of RIASEC structure and assessments // Technical Report.Florida, 2010. № 50. 10. The future of career / eds. A. Collin, R. A. Young. Cambridge, 2000. 11. Einarsdottir S., Rounds J., Ægisdottir S., Gerstein L. H. The structure of vocational interests in ...

• Seme-symbol as a means of novel meaning formation in denominal verbs

  ... patterns of novel meaning formation in denominal verbs. The proposed method is based on the notion of ‘seme-symbol’. The author reconstructions the semantic structure of motivating nouns and determines the role of different elements in the semantic structure of the verb. It is stressed that context contributes to the actualization or neutralization of particular semes, which leads to redistribution of elements in the semantic structure of the verb. The formation of novel meaning occurs through the actualization of the most relevant feature ...

• The qualia structure and its role for linguistics research

  ... polysemy // Lexical semantics: the problem of polysemy. Oxford, 1996. 29. Рustejovsky J., Bouillion P. Lexical semantics in context. Oxford, 1996. 30. Riemer N. Introducing semantics. Cambridge, 2010. 31. Формальная семантика, теории ... ... http://yazykoznanie.ru/content/view/83/272/ (дата обращения: 29.10.2011). Boyarskaya E. L. generative lexicon, Qualia structure, Qualia roles, linguistic analysis, meaning representation. 12-21

• The formation of the political elite in Lithuania at the turn of the 1980s—1990s: the role of “moral politicians”

  ... development of the country's policy. The role of the political elite, which is understood according to R. Putnam and J. Higley's definition, is considered in the conditions of political instability and uncertainty typical of transformation processes. In this context, the role of key actors is interpreted on the basis of the methodological structure of the so-called Stanford model developed by G. Almond and P. Bourdieu's theory of capital. This article reconstructs the course of political changes in the Republic of Lithuania at the initial stage of its independence, in the framework of ...

• Ideas of Kant’s theoretical philosophy in Peirce’s graph theory

  ... Peirce's Existential Graphs. University of Washington, Seattle, available at: www.dipf.de/projekte/PaedSem HCI/Texte/Keeler context.htm (accessed 01 August 2016). 11. Kempski, J. v., 1952, C. S. Peirce und der Pragmatismus, Stuttgart. 12. Kiryushenko,... ... and Communication, Dordrecht, Springer. 18. Øhrstrøm, P., 1997, C. S. Peirce and the quest for gamma graphs, in Conceptual Structures: Fulfilling Peirce’s Dream, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1257, pp. 357—370, Berlin, Springer. 19. Roberts,...

• ‘Many years to the invincible’: The axiological meanings of the spatial and temporal images in Boris Pasternak’s poem ‘Neoglyadnost’/’ Spanlessness’

  This article is an attempt to expose and analyse the chronotopical structure of Boris Pasternak's poem ‘Neogliadnost’/’Spanlessness’, written in 1944. The axiological meaning of spatiotemporal images in the poet's Weltanschauung is evaluated within a broader context of Russian language and culture. It is argued that the poem’s key value-laden motif, victory, is introduced in the text in three temporal domains. Two of them — the planes of the historical past and present — belong to the sphere of time....

• Evolution of the special question in English (based on examples from the Gospel of John)

  ... XVI century). The analysis focuses on the structural and formal aspects of the problem. To demonstrate language dynamics the author identifies specific contexts containing various kinds of special questions in the three versions of the Gospel. These contexts are compared according to a number of parameters. The author structures his research in the following way: 1) definition of the special question as a type and the description of the types of special questions; 2) a brief description of the compared versions of the Gospel; 3) an inventory of question words for each ...

• ‘What can be described can happen too…’: describing text semantics as a model structure of transworld relationships

  ... the multidi­mensional semantic organization of a text, particularly, I focus on the possibility of using the apparatus of modal semantics to identify the relationship between sentential complexes. To those ends, I employ the concepts of model, model structure, and centred world. The latter is a system of functions that correlate language expressions, the language expressions of a text, states of affairs (possible worlds) described by language expressions, and the contexts in which a text occurs. Existence in the worlds of the text correlates with the possibility of description. Presumably, the text is a twofold notion: it refers to a linear sequence of segments and a mul­tidimensional semantic structure. In this ...

• Monotowns: A New Take on the Old Problem

  ... would be incomplete without accounting for stakeholders’ interests and relations. Monotown problems become apparent in the context of institutional agreements carried out with high transition costs and increased risks of opportunistic behaviour encountered ... ... The authors analyse the process of risk management in monotowns from the viewpoint of international practices; and identify structural alternatives of outweighing these risks by considering key relations affecting the implementation of each alternative....

• The concept of “network” in the system of basic concepts of regional economic geography

  ... it is concluded that there is a need to examine network forms from the perspective of regional socioeconomic geography in the context of managerial decision-making. The regional economic geographical approach to studying network forms of spatial organisation ... ... Moscow, 350 p. 2. Baklanov, P. Ya. 2009, Territorial'naja struktura hozjajstva i jekonomicheskoe rajonirovanie [The territorial structure of the economy and economic zoning]. In: Shkirina, А. I., Shuvalov, V. Е. (eds.), Social'no-jekonomicheskaja geografija: ...

• Geographical structure and dynamics of foreign trade relations of the Republic of Crimea with the border countries and economic security issues

  ... export-import operations dynamics in the Cri­mean border region considering the changes in the scale of foreign trade after the reunification of the Crimea with the Russian Federation. The article de­scribes the transformation of the geographical structure of the Crimean for­eign trade relations in the context of modern geo-economic and geopolitical processes. «Turn to the East» and Russia's participation the integration pro­cesses of «Greater Eurasia» are found to have an impact on the foreign trade of the Republic of Crimea. Special attention ...

• On the problem of cultural reference of proverbs (the Russian proverbs with images of clothing)

  ... composition of language in the context of culture. In: V. N. Teliya, ed. Frazeologiya v kontekste kul'tury [Phraseology in the context of culture]. Moscow, pp. 13—24. 40. Teliya, V. N., 2004. Cultural-linguistic competence: its high probability and deep ... ... Moscow. 44. Fattakhova, N. N., Kul'kova, M. A., 2013. Narodnye primety v raznostrukturnykh yazykakh [Folk features in different structure languages]. Moscow. 45. Frolova, O. E., 2007. Mir, stoyashchii za tekstom: Referentsial'nye mekhanizmy poslovits, anekdota,...

• Inferences of understanding and reason as factors of textuality in I. Kant's philosophical discourse

  ... judgements of understanding and reason by Kant — represent logically organized complexes of propositions grouping around the structural core of both types of inferences and are communicative forms of textual material "packaging" and, thus, ... ... translation: Kant I.Critique of Pure Reason, MobileReference, 2008). inference, reason, proposition, antecedent, consequent, context, form, contextuality Koptsev Ivan D. 24-30

• The literary revision of Négritude in Evelyn Waugh’s novel Scoop

  ... Scoop, through the prism of imagology — the study of cultural stereotypes as presented in literature. Within the ideational structure of the novel, the author analyses the theory of négritude, which holds that the African civilisation plays a special ... ... the négritude philosophy is expressed in the novel through grotesque and the theory of négritude should be analysed in the context of philosophical and historical categories of civilization and barbarism. 1. Andreev, I. L., 1999. Is the African a ...

• Playing with spectres

  ... approach employed is Julia Kristeva’s ‘semiological adventure’, which is based on considering language as a heterogeneous structure in the realm of interactions between the ‘semiotic’ understood as a pre-linguistic condition of instinctive drives ... ... oriented identification and discursive practices. The problem of play at the interface of its interactions is examined in the context of a danger of an ‘offensive of spectres’ against the reality, which can turn the latter in a ‘simulated hyperreality’....

• Translation and Discourse Analysis

  ... Translation Studies. Discourse Analysis originated in Applied Linguistics and refers to the investigation of language in use. Depending on whether the term ‘discourse’ is understood in a narrower or a wider sense, discourse analysis aims at examining the structure and the function of lan­guage in various contexts and/or at revealing patterns of belief and habitual action, as well as social roles and power relations (Critical Discourse Analysis). Since translation can be char­acterised as an act of communication across linguistic and cultural boundaries,...

• An economic complexity analysis of the Kaliningrad region: identifying sectoral priorities in the emerging value creation paradigm

  The ongoing technological development leads to the emergence of a new value-creation paradigm that calls for changes and structural transformations in economic systems at different levels. Structural transformations are prompted by growing economic complexity. In this context, the selection of industrial strategies and the validation of key regional industrial policies is of paramount importance. Economic complexity (EC) analysis is a new effective tool to address the issue. Its application at a subnational level is,...

• Intonational means of expressing the "new" and the "given" categories in English, Russian and Spanish

  ... placement // Language. 2006. Vol. 82, № 1. P. 151—168. 6. Gunter R. On the placement of accent in dialogue: A feature of context grammar // Journal of Linguistics. 1966. 2. P. 159—179. 7. Halliday M. A. K. Intonation and Grammar of British English.... ... and Spanish // 4th International Conference on contrastive Linguistics. Compostela, 2005. P. 603—611. 10. Ladd D. R. The Structure of Intonational Meaning. Bloomington, 1980. 11. Levis J. M. Teaching Focus for Conversational use. 2001. 55(1). P. ...

• The house in the plot structure of A. I. Podolinsky’s poem “Borsky”

  The plot structure of the poem by a Russian author of the Pushkin era A. Podolinsi is characterised in comparison with the context of Russian Romanti-cism and the conceptual constants of Russian cultural consciousness. The au-thor identifies the function of the image of house in the poetic body of the poem. The ‘house’ is analysed as an element of the literary space and ...

• The title and text in M. Lomonosov’s spiritual “Meditation”

  The title and text of Lomonosov’s spiritual Meditation is considered within the system of an integrated context of meanings. The role of the title is identified through its connection with the structural and semantic framework of the poetic plot. 1. Даль В. И. Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка : в 4 т. М., 2001. 2. Кржижановский С. Д. Поэтика заглавий....

• ‘Reaching out’ beyond the text: philosophical notes

  ... (in Russ.). Kasavin, I., 2008. Tekst. Diskurs. Kontekst. Vvedenie v sotsial’nuyu epistemologiyu yazy­ka [Text. Discourse. Context. An introduction to the social epistemology of lan­guage]. Moscow: Kanon+, ROOI “Rehabilitation” (in Russ.). Kachai,... ... Russ.). Lotman, Yu., 1992. Kul’tura i vzryv [Culture and explosion]. M.; Gnozis (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu., 1994. Lectures on structural poetics. In: A. Koshelev, ed. Yu. M. Lot­man i tartusko-moskovskaya semioticheskaya shkola [Yu. M. Lotman and the ...

• Praesens and its role in the linguistic structuring of the spacio-temporal continuum of fictional texts

  This article deals with the determination of local-temporary organization of German literary-narrative texts of ХIХ—ХХ centuries. The category of polysemy of German verb and its stylistic potential are examined in this context. 1.  Булыгина Т.   В. Грамматические и семантические категории и их связи // Аспекты семантических исследований. М., 1980. С. 35—38. 2.  Князев ...

• Peculiarities of confix adverbs in the Russian language of the XXI century: the case of dish recipes

  ... particular. The article considers semantic, structural and syntactical classification of substantive-adverbial phrases belonging to the thematic group “Dish recipes”, many of which include confix adverbs. The article considers the peculiarities of these structures in the diachronic perspective. The author analyses contexts from an Internet discourse and concludes that the presence of confix adverbs is a sign of lingua-creative activity of native speakers in the XXI century. 1. Маркова Э. В. К типологии русских морфем (прерывистые ...

• Aesthetics in the system of Paul Natorp’s philosophy

  ... aspects of P. Natorp’s aesthetics in the system of his philosophy and identifies the legitimate position of aesthetics in the structure of philosophical disciplines: logic, ethics, and philosophy of religion. The author analyses the understanding of aesthetics ... ... of subjectivity of consciousness aimed at understanding the patterns of the scientific, moral, and artistic cognition. In the context of history of transcendentalism, art is perceived as a form of spiritualcreativity that is subject to its own generating ...

• Eastern Europe. On the centenary of the political project

  ... of the sovereignty of the Russian, Soviet and post-Soviet context], 2008, Pro¬ceedings of scientific seminar Civilizational context and value of Russian policy grounds, no. 4 (13). 15. Ivanov, V. V. 2010, Teorija gosudarstva [Theory of state], Moscow.... ... London. 25. Wildhaber, L. 1986, Sovereignty and International Law. In: Macdo-nald, R. St. J., Douglas M. Johnston (eds.), The Structure and Process of Internatio-nal Law: Essays in Legal Philosophy, Doctrine and Theory, Dordrecht, Netherlands, p. 440—441....

• Formal terms of reproach in Russian discourse

  ... akta upreka v kontekste sov­remennoi amerikanskoi rechevoi kul'tury [A pragmalinguistic study of the act of re­proach in the context of modern American speech culture]. Ph. D. Kamchatka State Pedagogical University (in Russ.). Lavrent'eva, E. А., 2006.... ... and ways to overcome it]. Moscow (in Russ.). Goldberg, A., 1995. Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago. Hanson, K. C., 1996. How Honorable! How Shameful! A Cultural Analysis of Matthew's Makarisms and Reproaches....

• The dream dictionary of G. H. Miller: The structural originality and cognitive models of interpretation

  G. H. Miller’s dream dictionary is analysed from the perspective of modern cognitive linguistics. The author examines its cultural characteristics, embeddedness in the context of dreams, the polysemy of the key image, and the possibility of homonymy. Gender dependence and subject-object differentiation are identified as important features of dream interpretations in the dictionary. The author describes three mechanisms ...

• Kantian Philosophy and ‘Linguistic Kantianism’

  ... 2000. Towards a ‘Full Pedigree’ of the ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis’: From Locke to Lucy. In: M. Pütz, M. Verspoor, eds. 2000. Explorations in Linguistic Relativity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 1-25. 17. Kuhn, T., 1996. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 3rd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 18. Kusch, M., 1988. Husserl and Heidegger on Meaning. Synthese, 77(1), pp. 99-127. 19. Lynch, M. P., 2001. Truth in Context: An Essay on Pluralism and Objectivity, Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press. 20. Makeeva, L. B., 2006. Language and Reality. Logos, 57(6), pp. 3-20. (In Russ.) 21. Peckhaus, V., 2004. Schröder’s Logic. In: D. M. Gabbay, J. Woods, eds. 2004. Handbook ...

• Characteristic features of a professional writer’s reconstruction activities in the context of retrospective discourse

  The article focuses on some peculiarities of German autobiographical texts structuring. The character of speech activity of the narrator as a professional writer is analysed. 1. Архипов И. К. «Знак — предмет» и знак — ситуация: текст и дискурс //Текст и ...

• Economic and Geographical Structure of the Baltic Sea region

  ... there are certain differences in the areas and the intensity of international cooperation. The article sets out to identify structural characteristics of the Baltic Sea region. This requires studying practices of transnational and transboundary cooperation ... ... Dinamika kaliningradskoj identichnosti: global'nye konteksty i regional'naja specifika [Dynamics of Kaliningrad identity: global context and regional specificity] 2015—2017, Project Report RHF. 4. Kivikari, U. 1996, Jekonomicheskoe prostranstvo Baltijskogo ...

• Schoolchildren’s health protection in the condition of inclusive education: The problems and the ways to solve them

  ... of health protection of schoolchildren with special needs in the conditions of inclusive education. The author considers the structure of social attitudes of teachers, students, parents, children with disabilities, and regular students to the teaching ... ... protection. The article emphasised the need to develop the concept and strategy for health protection of schoolchildren in the context of joint education of students with and without special needs and the features of students’ health protection. 1. Симаева ...

• The metaphor as a means of colour and light perception in M. Voloshin’s idiostyle

  ... identifies the features of semantic and aesthetic realization of these lexemes and stresses their representative function within the structure of poetic images. 1. Бранский В. П. Искусство и философия: Роль философии ... .... Taran S. metaphor, mineralogical lexis, idiostyle, colour image, light image, light and colour perception, connotation, context 51-57

• Development of Aland Islands: major trends and challenges

  ... population influx. It is stressed that wide regional disparities observed within such small territory are indicative of the spatial structure of society development — primarily under the influence of natural features, which are nearly impossible to disregard.... ... Ul'tramalye ostrovnye periferijnye regiony v istorikojekonomicheskom kontekste [Ultrasmall island peripheral regions in the context of istorikoekonomicheskom], Jekonomika i upravlenie [Economics and Management], no. 4. 6. Pipping, K. 1968, Social ...

• Industrial Parks as an Instrument of Import Substitution Policy in the Region

  The article analyses trends of industrial development in the Kaliningrad region in the context of import substitution policy, as well as main features of formation and development of industrial parks. The author structures potential risks of their functioning and described measures of diminishing the probability of negative consequences. 1. О Концепции развития промышленности Калининградской области на ...

• The study of the organization of the concept ‘system’ in the Russian language consciousness

  ... author explores linguistic representations of categorization levels in the understanding of the ‘system’ phenomenon. The author attempts to correlate the identified classification rubrics with various knowledge formats as well as to consider the structure and content of these rubrics in the context of everyday and professional knowledge. 1. Попова З. Д. Когнитивная лингвистика. М., 2010. 2. Болдырев Н. Н. Концептуальная основа языка // Когнитивные исследования ...

• Similarities and differences in curricula of a bachelor’s degree in oceanology at the universities in St Petersburg, Klaipeda, and Kaliningrad

  ... Kompetentnostno-orientirovannye obrazovatel'nye programmy v kontekste GOS novogo pokolenija [Competence-oriented education programs in the context of a new generation of AGM], Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii [Higher Education in Russia], no. 2, pp. 130—136. 24. Parizhskij ... ... 2006—2010 years.] 35. Federov, К. N. 1983, Fizicheskaja priroda i struktura okeanicheskih frontov [The physical nature and structure of oceanic fronts], Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 296 p. 36. Chinapah, V., Lefsted, Ya.-I., Weiler, G. 1990, Razvitie ...

• The Baltic Sea Region and the Black Sea Area: Two Pieces of the Same Puzzle

  ... will help to determine the similarities and differences necessary to give an overview of two strategic areas in the European context. 1. Aydin M. Regional cooperation in the Black Sea and the role of institutions // Perceptions Journal of International ... ... // Journal of the Nordic International Studies Association. 2006. Vol. 41. 3.  Buzan B., Wæver O. Regions and Powers, The structure of International Secu­rity. Cambridge , 2003 4.  Børresen J. Le autostrade dell’Artico, in Limes, Rivista italiana ...

• The conceptualization of light and colour as a means to express the perceptive dominant in a poetic text (on the basis of the poetry of A. Blok and M. Voloshin)

  ... poetical text. The authors identify the features of its semantic and aesthetical implementation, as well as their role in the structure of poetic images. 1. Алимпиева Р. В. Способы реализации концепта прекрасный ... ... соч. : в 10 т. М., 2004. Alimpiyeva R., Taran S. colour naming, poetic texts, perception, conceptualizing, connotation, context. 93-98

• Cognitive and pragmatic aspects of German social-political discourse

  The German social-political discourse is regarded to be a cognitive space with its certain structure and dynamic character, it can be studied from both syncronistic and dyachronistic points of view. 1.      Кубрякова ... ... Sprachverwendung / J. Klein (hrsg.). Opladen, 1989. S. 3—105. Gordeeva E.M. cognitive discourse analysis, concept, concept sphere, context, lexical-semantic groups, evaluation, communicative modus, evaluation standard. 95-99 10.5922/2223-2095-2010-2-17

• The symbols of the temporary and timeless in B. Pasternak’s poem Sparrow Hills

  This article deals with the 'time' concept in Boris Pasternak's poem “Sparrow Hills” and its English translation by Eugene M. Kayden. The focus is placed on implicitness as a basic feature of the semantic structure of a poetic text. The poem's main image – Pentecost (“Whitsun”) – proves to be a manifestation of eternity in the realm of time. In the English translation, this broad temporal context is lost. 1. Алефиренко Н. Ф. Событийная синергетика имплицитности текста в лингвопоэтическом освещении // Вестник ТГГПУ. 2011. № 1 (23). С. 114—119....

• Traditional Structures in Contemporary Chinese Poetry

  This paper analyses structures typical of the classical Chinese poetry and the way they are used in contemporary Chinese verse. The analysis aims ... ... These linguistic means include non-trivial semantic links created by means of phonographics. A linguistic analysis of relevant contexts shows that all the linguistic means contribute to the semantic cohesion of the text and make a bridge to the space of ...

• The implementation of interrogative imperative modality in the headlines of media texts: The case of news portals

  Based on the texts from Russian news portals, this article considers the functional semantic and communicative pragmatic features of using structure representing interrogative imperative modality in the headlines. The author analyses the occurrence and typology of identified examples, as well as their functionality in the context of a headline’s communicative objectives. 1. Арутюнова Н. Д. Фактор адресата // Известия АН СССР. Серия литературы и языка. 1981. Т. 40, № 4. С. 356—367. 2. Беляева ...

• Uncertainty as a Factor of Decision Making in the Context of the Exclave Problems of the Kaliningrad Region

  ... М., 2001; Его же . Экологическая политика как сетевой процесс // Полис. 2002. №   2. 13.  Gel’man Elites and Democratic Development in Russia. Rutledge Curzon, 2008. 14.  Higley. Elite structure and ideology a theory with applications to Norway. Columbia University Press. New York, 1976. 15.  Anthony Downs . An economic theory of democracy Harper and Row Publish­ers New York, 1957. Gnatenko A. democracy, decision making, expert ...

• Complex sentences with the meaning of condition as representatives of modality in newspaper texts

  The texts of the Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedmosti (Saint-Petersburg Bulletin) newspaper of the second quarter of the 18th century serve as the material for the analysis of structural and content features of conditional sentences in the context of their role in expressing basic modal meanings and author’s intentions. 1. Азарх Э. Д., Рывкина Р. В., Черемисина М. И. Классификатор логико-синтаксических связей и его ...