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Kant scholars have rarely addressed the notion of optimism as it was interpreted by the Königsbergian philosopher in the mid-18th century. The notion originates from Leibniz’s Theodi­cy and from debates over whether the actual world is the best of all possible worlds. The first of a two-part series,...

n this article, which completes a two-part series on the problem of optimism in Kant’s works, I explore in detail the arguments advanced by the Crusians A. F. Reinhard and D. Weymann against the actual world as the best of all possible worlds and in favour of the actual world as one of the good worlds, Kant’s counterarguments ...

A study based on tracking techniques showed that the foraging strategies of pine martens constitute stereotypes combining optimal foraging productivity with reducing the number of risk situations. In this species, foraging takes place in forest-grassland ecotones, which ensures a combination of foraging efficiency and risk-aversion. 1. Владимирова Э. Д. Особенности ...

This article analyses earlier works, which provide the basis for addressing the problem of the optimisation of regional nature management in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region. The author reviews the current state of landscapes and their development and emphasises the significance of landscape and geographical factors for efficient and environmentally friendly development. 1. Ваулина В.   Д., Козлович И.   И. Ландшафты // Калининградская область. Очерки природы / сост.   Д.   Я. Беренбейм;...

... and 1.0 mg/L (based on selenium content). The antagonistic activity of L. lactis IMB B-7352 against cultures of phytopathogenic bacteria was assessed using the agar block method. It was found that nanoselenium at a concentration of 0.75 mg/L exhibited optimal stimulatory activity in terms of biomass accumulation by L. lactis IMB B-7352. Examination of the antagonistic activity of L. lactis IMB B-7352 revealed that the inhibition zones against Xanthomonas campestris B-4102 and Agrobacterium tume­faciens ...

... 40 patients, the measurement was carried out in three positions of the patient’s body, in each of the positions three methods of measuring and calculating the volume of the organ were used. During the processing of the results, it was revealed that optimal visualization was provided in the patient’s supine position, the orientation of the ultrasound transducer along the long axis of the spleen. One patient obtained different volume values — the average difference was 40—70 ml, and in some ...

The article is aimed at reconstructing the paleoecological conditions in the Gdansk Basin of the Baltic Sea in the Late Holocene. The hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of its isolated bottom layer are strongly influenced by water exchange with the North Sea, which in connected to the World Ocean. Information on environmental conditions in the past is necessary to understand the observed changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem, to identify the natural and anthropogenic components of these changes...

The authors aim to identify the most optimal formula for calculating the volume of liver based on its linear size ex vivo. The authors measured liver volume in thirty-three corpses by placing the liver in water and calculating the displaced volume of the liquid. Liver was measured in each ...

The article examines the conflict situations, caused by the anthropogenic transformation of forest landscapes in some areas of the Kaliningrad region. The ways of timber exploitation optimization, including the possibilities of the development of forest bee-keeping are examined. 1.  Доклад о состоянии и об охране окружающей среды Калининградской области в 2003 году....

... Universität Königsberg (1720–1804) / Mit einer Einleitung und Registern hrsg. von M. Oberhausen, R. Pozzo. Bd. 1, 2. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, 1999. S. 311, 318, 325-326, 346, 353 10. Sgarbi M. The Kant-Weymann Controverse. Two Polemical Writings on Optimism. Verona, 2010 11. Weymann D. Beantwortung des Versuchs einiger Betrachtungen über den Optimismus: Den 14. October, 1759. Königsberg, 1759. ND // Sgarbi M. The Kant-Weymann Controverse. Two Polemical Writings on Optimism 12. Kant I. Brief ...

After the German reunification the agricultural development of eastern territories seemed to have picked up its pace. Yet the main problems those territories are facing today hatched already in the mid-1990s. In our study we address the problems and challenges that hinder sustainable development of East German rural areas. We analyse agricultural statistics and describe the structure of agricultural enterprises, land-use, and other critical dimensions of agriculture. We discuss pros and cons of modern...

The article is devoted to the semantic evolution of the evaluative adjectives ‘horoshii’ and ‘plohoi’ (‘good’ and ‘bad’) in the early Soviet language. Through the use of party documents, propaganda slogans, letters to the government and literary texts of the 1920—1930s, the article reveals how these words turned into universal markers reflecting conformity to new social and political standards. The first part of the article analyzes the role of the adjective ‘good’ as a universal rhetorical tool...

... recipient’s device. Given that the increase in unlawful acts related to the creation, use, and distribution of malicious computer programs is a significant factor in the self-reproduction of cybercrime, it is reasonable to explore the possibilities for optimizing their investigation process, in particular by examining the elements that comprise their forensic profile. The object of the study is the legal relationships arising in the investigation of crimes in the field of computer information associated ...

The technology for microalgae production in incubators involves optimizing cultivation conditions for a specific identified strain. However, when working with samples isolated from environmental objects, it is often necessary to deal with unidentified strains, making it challenging to maintain optimal cultivation ...

Cyanobacteria are a promising source of biologically active compounds of various types and are of great interest for their use in biotechnological processes to obtain complexes or individual bioactive substances with different orientations. Selecting optimal cultivation conditions for cyanobacteria will contribute to the rapid accumulation of bacterial biomass and maximize the yield of biologically active substances. This study analyzes the influence of temperature and light spectral composition on ...

The concept of a digital twin (hereafter referred to as DT) is discussed as a complex cyber-physical system that represents a virtual representation of physical objects, processes, or systems. A retrospective analysis of the evolution of this technology is conducted, starting from its origins in NASA’s practice and culminating in contemporary conceptual approaches, such as the product life cycle model proposed by Michael Grieves and the multi-physics models developed by Glassgen. Unlike simple modeling...

... empirical material has shown that in the linguistic localization of a game product domestication, foreignization, compensation, direct translation and transcreation are used as the main strategies of linguistic and cultural adaptation. The article explores optimal and effective strategies for video game localization within a linguocultural framework. Methods of linguistic localization for in-game realities of computer video games and the rationale for choosing translation strategies to adapt the game product ...

The article is devoted to the analysis of strategies for optimising intraregional space in the context of implementing domestic state policy. The study focuses on comparing centralized and decentralized approaches to managing regional development, as well as their impact on the socio-economic situation of the regions. To assess the effectiveness of various management models, the paper uses an institutional research method and comparative analysis. The main findings emphasize the importance of a flexible...

... creation of biofungicides remains a pressing issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the antagonistic activity of various Trichoderma strains against phytopathogens and evaluate their potential for further use as biopreparations in agriculture. An optimal nutrient medium was selected to maximize spore production in Trichoderma. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma strains against fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Alternaria, and Mucor was assessed using the dual-culture method. Statistical ...

... Rahmen des neuzeitlichen Rationalismus. Hamburg: Felix Meiner. Krause, G., 1893. Gottsched und Flottwell. Die Begründer der Deutschen Gesellschaft in Königsberg. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. Krouglov, A. N., 2018. Kant and the Crusians in the Debate of Optimism. Kantian Journal, 37(2), S. 7-31. Kuehn, M., 2002. Immanuel Kant. A Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kühn, M., 2003. Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie. Aus dem Englischen von M. Pfeiffer. München: C. H. Beck. Lenz, R., 1974. Leichenpredigten....

... educational products are identified and described: digitization of traditional or existing didactic tools, application of the latest scientific achievements to obtain new quality educational outcomes in pedagogical practice, application of the theory of optimality, the trial and error method, as well as the implementation of general scientific approaches in educational practice. The experience presented in the article can contribute to the development of student pedagogical startups and improve the quality ...

... practice data, the problem of insufficient awareness among investigators and inquiry officers regarding the current prospects for using specialized knowledge in investigating environmental crimes was identified. To address the identified problems and optimize the entire process of investigating this group of criminal cases, measures were proposed for the implementation of technologies based on the use of Big Data in the activities of law enforcement officers and expert institutions. 1. Архив ...

The study of territory branding as a part of communicative process requires the detailed analysis of advertising and PR-texts placed on accessible Web-portals. The current study presents a linguistic analysis of means of the territory management optimizing and of defining the role of linguistic means in the branding discourse. The material of the study is the number of texts (original and translated) in Russian, English and German placed on accessible Web-portals of different regions or on accessible ...

... Scientific Study of Religion. 1988. Vol. 27. P. 411—420. 14. Reker G. T., Woo L. C. Personal meaning orientations and psychosocial adaptation in older adults // SAGE Open. 2011. Vol. 1 (1). P. 1—10. 15. Steger M. F. Experiencing meaning in life: Optimal functioning at the nexus of well-being, psychopathology, and spirituality // The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications. 2nd ed. N. Y., 2012. P. 164—184. Ryadinskaya E. N. personality, armed conflict, area of low-intensity ...

This article considers a number of cell indicators of the organism that can be potentially used for the individual monitoring of selecting graduated exercises, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of athlete’s training. A number of the most reactive indicators (hematologic and biochemical indicators, subpopulation structure), which alter to a degree in comparison to the reference parameters, are identified. 1. Лакин Г. Ф. Биометрия. М., 1980. 2. Чередеев А. Н. CD-маркеры в практике...

The article considers the competence approach introduction as one of the priorities and main features of education modernisation. The author outlines methods and activities aimed at the competence approach introduction to education process, considers a model of students’ independent work. A concrete example is drawn to show the specificity of the competence training of students of the “Business Administration” field of study in the framework of the “Fundamentals of Management” discipline. 1. ...

... prosecutors’ qualification enhancement in the context of a practice-oriented digital educational environment. An analy­sis of tasks within the digitization of supervisory activities is conducted, and proposals are formulated to enhance the efficiency and optimize both departmental control by the Russian Prosecutor’s Office and information-analytical and monitoring activities during supervisory measures. Shabarov D.V., Alekseeva Yu. B., Povzhik O.G. prosecutor’s office, digitalization, transformation,...

At present, provisions of the law about an institution of criminal proceedings in the economic sphere are controversial. The order of criminal prosecution of such crimes also is not defined clearly. The purpose of the research is to develop the optimal scenario for initiating these criminal cases and determining the most appropriate procedure for their investigation. This study relied on the methods of comparative studies, analysis and synthesis. Using the method of comparative studies, the ...

... cyberbullying in modern science. The problems of investigation and prevention of bullying are incurred by very limited control in the digital space, first of all social networks due to anonymity of their users. The article proposes some measures to optimize the forensic prevention of crimes committed through cyberbullying. The choice of specific preventive measures should be conditioned by: materials of the criminal case; circumstances prevailing at the time of the decision to implement preventive ...