Kants „moralisch-bestimmter Monotheismus“ – eine an der „wahren Aufklärung“ orientierte Kritik an Lessings Ringparabel?
Numerous passages in the context of Kant’s philosophy of religion show without doubt his acquaintance with Lessing. But apart from the obvious affinity and agreement between Kant and Lessing with regard to many substantial questions, serious differences cannot be overlooked; the frequently diagnosed closeness and widely suspected “harmony” between the ...
Lessing’s Hamburg Dramaturgy in the “codes of hope” discourse of the Enlightenment
This article considers Lessing’s theatrical project of establishing a German National theatre aimed at founding a “school of morality” in Hamburg. In the 18th century, Hamburg was considered a stronghold of freedom in the opposition between the two forms of being — ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
... the growing interaction between the Baltic States, their neighbours and other European countries. The spatial structure development is examined from the standpoint of the centre-periphery model of tourism space. The identification of core regions, less developed peripheral territories and intermediate semi-peripheral areas provides a rationale for spatial development strategies for tourism and makes it possible to increase the efficiency of tourism destination management by distinguishing between ...
Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
... shown that long-distance migration is more common among younger and more educated individuals. It has also been observed that having preschool-age children is associated with shorter-distance movement, while households with school-age children are less likely to engage in any kind of mobility, regardless of distance [14]. Additionally, households with school-age children tend to move distances that are approximately 7 % shorter compared to households without children [15].
In many countries, larger ...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... the urbanization rate. The highest values are typical of the countries of Northern Europe, including the Baltic region, North America, and South Korea (more than 80 %), and the lowest values are in the Central African countries (in some countries — less than 10 %). In Russia, the value is about 77 % [5], but there are significant spatial differences [7].
The spread (diffusion) of technologies is spatially uneven, and the global risk of growing digital inequality is highly probable [8]. Differences ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... and dynamics of the economic development of territories are considered for regions (constituent entities of the Russian Federation) and macroregions (usually federal districts). The studies of the differences among smaller territorial units are much less common, and they focus mainly on demographic issues or the development of certain types of territories: agglomerations, single-industry towns, and rural areas.
The reasons are understandable: it is not only the laboriousness of working with municipalities ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... reflected in the assessment indicators. Innovation indicators can rely on data on research and development, scientific publications, patents, innovative products and processes [36], [37]. The most common are patent- and R&D expenditure statistics [36; 38]. Less common indicators for assessing scientific, technological and innovative potential include [39], [40] the number of computers with Internet access, the share of organizations with a website, the share of Internet users, the number of subscriber devices ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... the European Union northwestern territories of Russia: Karelia, Komi, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, and Arkhangelsk regions. In 2022, regions with a high index value were more likely to experience a decline in economic activity, but in 2023, this impact was less explicit due to economic adaptation and transformation. Based on the results of the study, some recommendations can be formulated.
Introduction
In recent years, sanctions have become a significant instrument of world politics. These economic ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... region and the entire eastern half of Europe was largely reactive and depended on many factors — both domestic and external. Among them is Russia with its readiness and capability to challenge the unipolar world order in its immediate environment. No less important is the increasing need (especially since the presidency of Donald Trump) to counter the growing influence of China and the Chinese expansion. In any case, when such a challenge from Moscow was barely noticeable, Washington (during the presidencies ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
... tool to track the course of the pandemic and assess the damage it inflicted [15], [16], [17], [18]. Excess mortality was an important medical-demographic indicator of the spread of the pandemic across regions and municipalities.
Other indicators are less accurate as deaths from COVID-19 are not always recorded as such, and the symptoms of the infection often resemble those of other viral illnesses and may be statistically associated with them (e. g. acute respiratory infections). Regional hospitalisation ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... patterns, market structure, socio-economic, natural conditions, working conditions, and the education systems development [16]. Notably, researchers have employed this paradigm to demonstrate that globalization has failed to enable the participation of less developed countries in the global production sharing (GPS) network, which would have ostensibly facilitated their development [17], [18].
Within the knowledge capital model, researchers analyze knowledge, skills and qualifications of labour resources ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... contribute to the reputation of those in positions of authority. These substantive characteristics are relatively stable, as they are widely shared and form the near periphery of the basic core. Beyond the near periphery lies the distant periphery, which is less significant and more dynamic in nature. The attributes of the distant periphery are more susceptible to multifactorial influences. Finally, there is the extreme periphery, which consists of the least significant and most agile characteristics.
According ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
... between Russia’s Baltic regions and the other states of the Baltic macro-region to drop; mutual ties have lost their significance, and cooperation has declined. Both Russian and international publications on a unified Baltic macro-region have become less optimistic [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26].
Russian researchers stress that the attitudes of Western partners to strengthening mutual relations have become less favourable than before [16], [17], [22], [23],...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... was the growth of consumer prices caused by the reduction in imports, low self-sufficiency in many commodities and reduced competition in the domestic market [7], [8]. Household incomes were also decreasing. Thus there was a shift in consumption to less expensive, often low-quality, goods [7].
Another effect felt by the consumers was an increasingly limited choice [9]. Over the years, it extended but transformed profoundly. New and many “old” domestic producers came into the market, the range ...
Changes in the structure and geography of tourist flows during the COVID-19 pandemic
... domestic tourist flow between July and September 2019; Tourinb2019, for inbound flow between July and September 2019.
The period between July and September, the 3rd quarter of 2019—2021 seems to be the most indicative for two reasons; in that quarter, less tight restriction were in place in most European countries as incidence reduced, and the tourist industry was allowed to profits from the holiday season.
Another indicator of the contribution of Baltic region state to the structure of inbound tourist ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... programmes devised by the UN and the EU.<1> At first, a geospatial approach was employed, focused on local geographical objects performing various roles at different times. Historically, Latvia developed as an industrial-agrarian society living a less urbanised lifestyle. This encouraged the development of a dense network of self-sufficient towns, whose unique landscapes and architecture make them attractive as places of residence and tourist destinations. Then, the socio-spatial approach came ...
The Image of the World Revealed In Words: Ludwig Wittgenstein and The Iсonic Semiotics
... suggests considering iconicity as a basis for relating the signifier and the signified. This relation is understood as a construed one rather than something determined by physical similarity. The basis for such a revision of iconicity can be found in Lessing's treatise “Laoсoon”, and the conception of iconicity is described in Wittgenstein's “Tractatus”. In the picture theory of language, iconicity is understood as a logical isomorphism between structures. This allows the author to expand ...
Practical physics lessons based on PC interfaced ADC-DAC module
The article considers the problem of the use of analog-to-digital and digital- to-analog converter (ADC-DAC) at practical physics lessons in a college. The authors analyze prepared laboratory class materials in Physics, based on reasonably priced Russian-manufactured «ZET-210» DAC-ADC module. Bundled ZETLAB software enables to turn a computer into a physics minilaboratory, which allows to generate, measure, analyze signals, and visualize measurements. The article demonstrates sure advantages of...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... function performance over the studied period. This region showed higher values of four indicators, except for the space per student. In the Murmansk region, the index showed a maximum increase of 0.2 due to the growth in income and space per student and a less significant (compared to the others) decrease in staff per 100 students. In the Kaliningrad region, the group index grew from level B to A, mainly due to the increase in the average Unified State Exam score for state-funded and tuition-paying students....
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
..., p. 164]. But it still retained anti-immigrant rhetoric. Thus, the definition of a “vulnerable residential area” (udsatte boligområder) included two additional criteria: ‘education’ and ‘income’ associated with vocational education for less than 60 % of residents aged 30—59 and the level of taxable income for residents aged over 15 less than 60 % of the average gross income in the region.<23> In addition, the abolition of the Ministry of Refugees, Immigrants and Integration<24> ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... Baltic republics and inviting their representatives to the next meeting of the foreign ministers of the European Communities.<2> Already August 28, 1991 Germany established diplomatic relations with each of the Baltic countries [10, p. 66—67]. Less than a week after the de facto secession of the Baltic states from the USSR (September 6, 1991), German Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher visited the countries on September 11—12, 1991 [10, p. 70]. Following the “point of no return” in ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... integration — the formation of a political union. The desire of the European Union to preserve and protect the achieved level of integration is quite understandable and logical. Integration associations that exist within the European Union are given much less attention compared with the EU, the most influential economic and political union of today.
The classical understanding of the term integration presupposes a process and a solution focused on obtaining a single whole from any parts. Integration in ...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
... borderlands residents and that of the population of the interior municipalities. Almost one-third of the residents of the borderland (30.2 %) named Finnish travel and/or their trips to Finland as a source of family well-being. Cross-border tourism had a less significant role in the lives of people living in the interior municipalities and Petrozavodsk. Moreover, respondents in the Karelian borderlands were the least likely (49.1 %) to give a neutral answer when assessing their dependence on cross-border ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... developing) regions. All three regions exhibit characteristics of regions often referred to as “international development corridors” (a type identified by Gennady Fedorov). These features are more pronounced in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, and less so in the Kaliningrad region. The first two regions form a unified territorial socio-economic system with well-developed internal connections. Due to its exclave status, the Kaliningrad region has a more ‘fragile’ economy, highly dependent on ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... century and compares their progress with the cores of the St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Helsinki agglomerations. For building the models, regions with similar development dynamics were divided into four sectors: St. Petersburg, the Leningrad region, three less advanced northern areas, and the more successful NWFD territories. Before the 2008—2009 crisis, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region outperformed the other north-western areas. However, the crisis led to a sharp decline in economic growth rates ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... types [15, р. 147—152].
Ideal types of strategic cultures (based on Johnston’s commentary)
Strategic Preferences
Significance of external limitations
(~inability to destroy the enemy)
High
(all actions have been formalised)
Medium (transition to less formal actions)
Low
(transition to unilateral ostentatious actions)
Preference for cooperation
Status quo maintained (accommodation)
Unlimited internationalisation (idealpolitik)
Limited internationalisation
Normative unification (international ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... tap’) [10, p. 185].
The polarisation has turned the relations between the two parties into a zero sum game: what is good for PiS is bad for PO and vice versa. In the shadow of these two parties (and to some extent in their orbit), there are other less influential political forces, which, however, do not unduly affect the agenda. The choice between PiS and PO is the central issue of Polish politics and the main factor in political self-identification for the majority of voters; it largely determines ...
On the less obvious manifestations of the poetic function: a translator’s view
... texts. The authors attempt to prove that the poetic function should not be equated with the aesthetic one. The former overlaps all the above-mentioned functions, but alone bears the responsibility for the form-content fusion. The paper focuses on the less evident mechanisms of the poetic function, beyond the obvious effect of tropes and figures of speech. Not unlike meiosis, its allegedly weaker ‘voice’ is capable of producing a much stronger effect, which can be discerned in rhythm and punctuation,...
Evaluating the impact of integration processes on the ethnopolitical competition of languages in the Baltic Region
... deutschen Spracheinder Welt, B.; N.Y. XVIII, 1296 s.
18. Ammon, U. 2009, Thesen zur Abträglichkeit der EU-Sprachenpolitik für Deutsch als Fremdsprache, Der Sprachdienst, H. 1, s. 16—19.
19. Devlin, K. 2020, Speaking the national language at home is less common in some European countries: update 2020, Pew Research Centre, available at:
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/06/speaking-the-national-language-at-home-is-less-comm...
(accessed 06.08.2020).
20. Shteinke, K. 2006, Globalization ...
Translating philosophical aesthetics: Peritext as a window into the translator's mind. Part 2
... theory of "beauty in form". William Hogarth: The analysis of beauty (London: Printed by John Reeves for the Author, 1753). FONTES. Available at:
http://archiv
. ub. uni-heidelberg. de/artdok/1217/1/Davis_Fontes52.pdf [Accessed 1 October 2020].
Lessing, G. E. 1853. Laokoön oder Über die Grenzen der Malerei und Poesie. In: G. E. Lessing, ed. Laocoon: An Essay on the Limits of Painting and Poetry. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Malukova, O., 2016. Contemporary Philosophical Discourse: Conceptualization ...
On the Role of Gesinnung in Kant’s Ethics and Philosophy of Religion. Part I
... Gründer, G. Gabriel, eds. 1974. Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie. Volume 3. Basel: Schwabe, pp. 536-539.
Leibniz, G. W., 1916. Deutsche Schriften. Volume 1: Muttersprache und völkische Gesinnung. Edited by W. Schmied-Kowarzik. Leipzig: Meiner.
Lessing, G. E., 1890. Ueber Klopstocks Messiade, in: G. E. Lessing, 1890. Sämtliche Schriften, Volume 5. Edited by K. Lachmann, 3rd edition. Stuttgart.
Lossky, N. O., 1991. Usloviya absolyutnogo dobra [The Conditions of the Absolute Good]. In: N. O. ...
Semi-Medium-Sized cities of North-West Russia as drivers for regional development
The article discusses the semi-medium-sized cities (with a population from 20 to 50 thousand people) and their functions in five regions of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation; the socio-economic areas formed by the semi-medium-sized cities are clearly represented. As an example, five semi-medium-sized cities of the Kaliningrad region are considered, the role of each city in regional development and regional settlement system is revealed. The author analyses participation of...
Socially efficient entry barriers?
Stagnation of the Russian economy lends a new urgency to the question of whether reserves of competition incentives can be used to overcome the current negative economic tendencies. The lowering of entry barriers is traditionally considered a universal instrument of promoting competition. However, lower entry barriers can be mistakenly associated with bringing the market closer to the state of the so-called ‘perfect’ competition. The authors aim to show that the absence of entry barriers does...
The technology of formation of learning and research culture in the lessons on the history of Western Russia at a rural school in the Kaliningrad region
This article discusses the technology of formation of learning and research culture at schools of the Kaliningrad region in lessons on the history of western Russia. The process of learning and research culture formation will be successful if more attention is paid to independent research of schoolchildren, namely, solving tasks with the help of acquired research knowledge and skills, as well as preparation of individual and group research projects.
1. Батищев Г. С. Введение в...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... 50 states providing military aid to the Kiev regime, among others.
The destruction of both Nord Stream pipelines with Germany’s tacit approval can also be placed in the above category. The collective West has erected a new iron curtain, thicker and less permeable than the one during the Versailles and Potsdam eras. The political significance of the Baltic region for Russia has sharply declined, bolstered by the country’s rapid ‘turn to the East’. Russia’s newly adopted Foreign Policy Concept ...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... distribution of the population itself must also be taken into account. Assuming that there is no territorial differentiation in the share of adherents, there are 1,355 of them per church in the region of Streymoy. At the same time, the number is 8 times less than that in sparsely populated Sandoy.
Lutheranism, represented by several religious organizations with a special status, undoubtedly dominates the denominational space of Denmark and plays a significant role in the development of the country.
Conclusion
...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... challenges. For example, most of the region’s residents do not expect cooperation to involve joining forces with like-minded individuals or setting up competition against large retail chains. Compared to food supply issues, these expectations seem to be less relevant. Additionally, against the backdrop of disrupted transboundary raw material links, the region’s exclave position objectively limits the opportunities of economic entities, including cooperative members, as regards food supply to the territory ...
Vivos Voco. Post-war Correspondence between Sergey Hessen and Ivan Lapshin: Year 1946
... Czechoslovakia, where they not only published their works, but also taught young scholars. Hessen, being considerably younger than Lapshin, continued teaching and actively publishing after the war, including outside Poland. Lapshin in Czechoslovakia was less in demand, but continued preparing his works for publication. The reflections of the two authors shed light on the idea content of their later works, which is particularly valuable in reconstructing the conception of the texts which were not completed ...
International political status of an observer state to the EAEU: problems and prospects of institutionalization
... membership and increase the number of observer states within the EAEU. Based on the analysis of regulatory acts and the application of comparative positional analysis, it has been established that the relatively recent institution only took on a more or less complete form by 2023. The main focus of the author’s work is on the international-political usefulness of the observer state status and the problems of its actual implementation. A comparison is made between the positioning of Moldova, Cuba, and ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... reference to Eurostat data, 2002 saw an increase in Russian—European trade by 2.3 %<5> due to the growing global prices of goods constituting Russia’s exports [3]. The country’s Baltic regions, once dubbed a ‘window to Europe’ were becoming less visible as economic players [13].
Western authors are increasingly viewing Kaliningrad from the geopolitical rather than economic perspective, focusing on its socio-economic situation and relations with neighbours against the backdrop of the events ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
This paper aims to study how geopolitical shifts affect regional economies and their structures. Border functions and regimes act as tools for the economy and society to adapt to the redistribution of political influence, movements of people, goods, capital and information between integration associations, individual countries and their cores. A changed environment may slow down the development of some industries (and even cause them to decline) and give a boost to others, with these two processes...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... the initiators of such aggression.
Historical experience shows that compliance with economic sanctions almost always weakens over time. Business, including those in the countries that initiated the sanctions, while suffering obvious losses, is much less interested in complying with them than the political authorities. As a result, business structures of countries drawn into political confrontation are gradually finding new ways to bypass sanctions, expanding mutually beneficial trade and economic ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... terms of logistics has been declining: the port turnover increased by a factor of 2.06 nationwide, but only by 1.37 in the Russian Baltic area between 2005 and 2022; it grew by a factor of 1.42 and 1.14 from 2013 to 2022, respectively. A similar, albeit less prominent, situation has been observed in fish processing. The migration support for the economy is likely to decline, with the trend being already discernible. This reduction will affect the construction industry of coastal urban agglomerations ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... the most densely populated and economically developed areas have access to mobile and internet connections.
The New border regions show high infrastructural availability of mobile internet: the share of the territory where it is unstable or absent is less than 30 %. The leaders are the Voronezh, Kursk, Belgorod and Rostov regions which have almost full mobile internet coverage, including 4G. At the same time, with the inclusion of the new regions into the Russian Federation in 2022, the Voronezh and ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... at a municipal level from 2010 to 2022. It highlights demographic disparities in the periphery, which witnessed a substantial decline in the overall population. The districts of Gusev and Sovetsk, the latter having no rural population, experienced a less dramatic reduction in the population size. Municipalities in the remote suburban zone showed similar population decrease trends. In contrast, all municipalities in the immediate suburban zone, including Kaliningrad, saw an increase in population....
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... these programmes experienced a significant surge in allegations of political and ideological influence.<1> However, it’s worth noting that Norway’s efforts to promote its national brand through education and academic mobility are comparatively less robust when compared to Sweden’s initiatives.
This paper delves into an analysis of the Swedish Institute’s (SI) activities, with a particular focus on its grant and scholarship policy, as well as the institute’s role in the realm of soft power ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... of artificial intelligence, a lot of research on human biological processes that conditionally control our natural intelligence. But how they interact with each other and what the specifics, price, losses, benefits from this interaction are, is much less clear [26]. It is estimated that half of today’s students will work in professions that do not yet exist. A country and society that can develop better AI systems and use the existing ones will have a great development advantage over those countries ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... issues through content analysis of conceptual documents, official speeches, media articles, and parliamentary debates is a time-tested and widely practised academic approach. Qualitative methods of content analysis are still prevalent, with earlier less popular quantitative tools gaining wider currency. For example, despite the earlier tendency for researchers to rely on qualitative methods, a recent work employs quantitative content analysis to understand similarities and differences between the ...
Attribution of de re propositional attitudes as a means of persuasion
By de re propositional attitude ascription for rhetorical purposes, we will understand uttering a modal statement wherein the speaker deliberately uses a description of the attitude’s object which she knows to be unavailable to the attitude holder. As the existence of rhetorical de re is revealed, it gives rise to two questions that will be the primary concern of the present paper. (1) Using a rhetorical de re ascription, does the speaker utter something false in the model-theoretic sense? (2)...