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• The Baltic policy of Germany and current international relations

  This article analyses the Baltic policy of united Germany from the 1990s until today. The authors set out to identify the significance of German-Baltic relations and the role of the Eastern policy in Russian-German relations. The method of dynamic comparison between the political and economic narrative in intergovernmental relations makes it possible to identify distinctive features of Germany’s Baltic policy in the context of current international relations. In particular, it is noted that Germany...

• Current Scenarios for the Demographic Future of the World: The Cases of Russia and Germany

  In this article, we explore the demographic future of the world with a focus on scenarios for Russia and Germany. We seek an alternative to the Western standards of scenarios for global demographic development. We consider demographic development both in a positive and negative sense. Our analysis rests on such theoretical structures as the general theory of population, the classical theory of demographic transition, the concepts of the ‘second’, ‘third’, and ‘fourth’ demographic transitions, and...

• Organisation of scientific research in Germany

  This article considers the structure of research system in Germany. It describes the federal and state levels of research management. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) bears primary responsibility for science and technology policy at the federal level. At the state level, this responsible is shared by the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Economy. The author emphasizes the role of the National Academy of Sciences “Leopoldina”, whose principal objective is to...

• Territorial differences in the attitudes to the migration crisis in Germany: The political aspect

  The European migration crisis has divided the population of Germany along the lines of the country’s migration policy and the attitude to immigrants. The antiimmigrant sentiment, supported by the rhetoric of the extreme right-wing parties and the criticism of current policies, have been growing in the society. This article reviews theoretical approaches to the study of public attitude to migrants proceeding from the effect that immigration has on the socioeconomic development of the host society...

• Key actors of German ‘soft power’ in the Baltics

  This article focuses on Germany’s key ‘soft power’ actors promoting the country’s interests in the Baltics. The authors analyse the policies of ‘soft power’ aimed to create a positive image of Germany in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The article examines the activity of German political foundations, research institutions, communities, language centres, and scientific and cultural organisations. It is stressed that Germany makes use of the Baltics’ historical familiarity with German traditions in...

• The position of international community on the restoration of independence of the Baltic States

  The separation of the Baltics from the Soviet Uni on was a difficult process accompanied by both political and economic conflicts. The third party in the negotiation process was represented by Germany and the USA. This article sets out to identify the role of the USA and Germany in the restoration of Baltic independence. Historicism and objectivity principles serve as the methodological framework for the research. The regional approach was applied in order to integrate the features of regional development...

• Demographic change in Germany and reversal of spatial ageing patterns

  The paper presents the result of a spatial analysis considering the effect of demographic ageing and ageing-in-place processes in Germany according to spatially differentiated ageing patterns among urban, sub-urban and rural counties up to 2025. As to the latest official population forecast counties of urban core regions will undergo a slower ageing process than other types of counties, resulting in a reversal of ageing patterns. Urban core areas in this analysis will gain demographically from their...

• The “Polish question” in Soviet-German relations in the second half of the 1920s (based on the materials of the USSR consulate in Königsberg)

  On the basis of earlier unknown documents of the Soviet consulate in Königsberg retrieved from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, the author analyses relations between the USSR and Germany in 1925—1930. The author focuses on the role of the “Polish question”, which largely affected the nature of bilateral relations. The consulate documents indicate that Soviet diplomacy aspired to exploit the differences between Poland and Germany over a wide range of issues (the geopolitical...

• Origins and historical background of German federalism

  The number of federal states in the modern world is extremely small. The Federal Republic of Germany is the largest and most famous federation in Eu­rope. However, German democracy and German federalism are often perceived as externally imposed political values as a result of the country's defeat in World War II. Such an attitude needs revising. Of course, Germany did not have the same deep tradition of parliamentarism as France or Great Britain, or federalism like the United States of America, but...

• The “ideology of love” in Jurek Becker’s novel Heartless Amanda

  This article deals with the allegorical representation of the socio-political situation in the GDR shortly before the reunification of Germany as depicted in Jurek Becker’s novel Heartless Amanda through the relationship of the central female character with three men. 1.  Беккер Ю . Бессердечная Аманда: роман. СПб., 2004 Potyomina M.S. Jurek Becker, novel, reunification of Germany, contemporary German literature. 167-171

• Development of the Olympic movement in the early 20th century in Germany

  This study focuses on the development of physical education and sport in Germany in 1919-1939. The author analyses the contents of physical educa-tion and sport typical of Germany of the early 20th century and identifies spe-cific features of German athletes’ training. It is stressed that attitudes to sport underwent a dramatic change in the 1920s entailing the emergence of a public policy in the field of physical education and sport. This is accounted for by athletic achievements becoming an integral...

• German-German Relations and Credit Policy of Federal Republic of Germany in 1982-1985

  This article investigates the credit policy of the Federal Republic of Germany towards the German Democratic Republic from 1982 to 1985. The author attempts to analyze the role of these credits in the development of German-German relations. 1.  Павлов Н.   В . История современной Германии 1945—2005. М ., 2006. 2.  Kruse M. Politik und deutsch-deutsche Wirtschaftsbeziehungen von 1945 bis 1989. B., 2005. 3.  Dokumentation zu den innerdeutschen Beziehungen. Abmachungen und Erklä­rungen...

• Rural areas of Eastern Germany: modern challenges

  After the German reunification the agricultural development of eastern territories seemed to have picked up its pace. Yet the main problems those territories are facing today hatched already in the mid-1990s. In our study we address the problems and challenges that hinder sustainable development of East German rural areas. We analyse agricultural statistics and describe the structure of agricultural enterprises, land-use, and other critical dimensions of agriculture. We discuss pros and cons of modern...

• On the establishment and early activity of the Soviet consulate in Königsberg (1923—1925)

  This article analyses the reasons behind the restoration of diplomatic relations between Russia and Germany after World War I, as well as the fundamental differences in the performance of Russian imperial and Soviet consular missions in East Prussia. On the basis of the earlier unknown documents from the Central Russian archives and the Political archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Germany, the author describes the establishment of the Soviet Consulate in Königsberg in 1923 and the contribution...

• Geopolitical and Geo-economic Changes in the Baltic Sea Region at the Turn of the XX—XXI centuries

  The article describes the process and results of the geopolitical and geoeconomic changes in the Baltic Sea region at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries. The authors assess the political, economic and military potential of individual countries and groups of countries. Ranking the selected countries and grouping them according to the similarity of their characteristics requires a variety of methods — the economic, statistical, cartographic, graphic-analytical methods, to name just a few. In the...

• One Country — Two Nations: Post-Reunion Germany

  Zolov A. 116-120

• Tools for evaluating the competitiveness of innovative clusters

  Federal programmes to support regional clusters in Russia were introduced several years ago. Today, they need updating and revision. A promising starting point for effective support for hi-tech and innovative clusters may be an evaluation of cluster performance aimed to understand whether further development and financing of cluster projects are required and whether the list of supported clusters should be extended or reduced. This article analyses the case of the Silicon Saxony innovation cluster...

• Billionaires and Millionaires of the Baltic Sea Region: A Comparative Analysis of National Business Elites

  Local business elites make a major contribution to the development of the Baltic region’s countries, shaping their present and future. The Baltic business elites are an integral part of the transnational capitalist class — a product of the global economy and the global division of labour. Drawing on a sizeable body of statistics, the author conducts a comparative analysis of the Baltic states’ financial elites. The author considers such characteristics of business elites as their number, total wealth...

• On potential role of regional authorities in managing formation an development of market infrastructure

  The article examines the role of Kaliningrad region’s government in managing market infrastructure development on the regional level. Special attention is given to the foreign experience concerning the role of regional authorities in formation and development of small- and medium-sized business supporting infrastructure. 1.  Антикризисные меры. Правительство Калининградской области. URL : http://www.gov39.ru 2.  Арбузов М.   А. К вопросу о концепции программы развития региональной ин­фраструктуры...

• Assessing competitiveness of the Baltic states in tourism

  Tourism competitiveness is a basic requirement for a country’s presence in the international tourism market. A comprehensive and systematic assessment of tourism competitiveness and comparisons with other states make it possible to identify its structure, strengths and weaknesses. Assessing competitiveness is a live issue in the Baltic region, where tourism is an important part of the economy and a factor in improving living standards. This study advances the hypothesis that the methodology developed...

• The problems of modernising research staff training: the German experience against the background of European reforms

  This article analyses, through the example of German universities, the features of reforms in the PhD education management system, which have been carried out over the last decade in European countries. 1. Boer H. de, Leisyte L., Enders J . The Netherlands — steering from a distance // Reforming university governance. Changing conditions for research in four Euro­pean countries / B. Kehm, U. Lanzendorf (eds.). Bonn, 2006. P. 29—96. 2. DFG . Die zukuenftige Foerderung des wissenschaftlichen...

• The role of the Kaliningrad region in the development of Russian-German relations

  Germany is one of the principal partners of the Russian Federation. The Kaliningrad region plays a significant role in the development of partnership between the two countries, but the existing opportunities for development are not fully exploited. This article analyses the development, current state and prospects of an increasing role of the region in Russian-German cooperation. The authors emphasize the role of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University as one of the leaders in the development...

• The literary domain of Germany after the reunification

  This article deals with the key concepts of Pierre Bourdieu’s literary domain theory as applied to post-1989 German literature. The major extra-literary factors that affected fictional discourse after the Unification of Germany are described. Special attention is paid to the inter-discursive nature of contemporary literary landscape. 1. Emmerich E. Das literarische Feld Deutschland — 15 Jahre nach der Wende //Revista de Filología Alemana. 2006. Vol. 14. S. 113—130. 2. Greiner U. Die deutsche Gesinnungsästhetik...

• Local Border Traffic as a Form of Visa Liberalisation and Territorial Development

  This article addresses the issue of visa liberalisation between Russia and the European Union, which constitutes a key aspect of the parties’ diplomatic cooperation. This work sets out to identify the main results of Russia/EU cooperation. The authors have conducted a brief historical analysis of this area of relations. The visa “regionalisation” is considered in the context of identifying the key actors of the EU — Russia negotiations: the Kaliningrad region, Germany, Poland, and Lithuania. In their...

• Electric energy cooperation in the Baltic Sea region and the role of Russia in it

  This article examines cooperation in the electric energy sector in the Baltic region. The author explores the existing undersea HVDC power exchange projects. It is emphasised that cooperation in the electric energy sector is concentrated largely in the EU member states despite earlier plans to establish the Baltic energy ring, which would also include Russia and Belarus. The author stresses that one of the most acute problems for the EU today is overcoming isolation of the energy systems of the Baltic...

• Particularities of the ratification of the European Fiscal Compact in Germany

  This article analyses legal issues relating to the German ratification of the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Mon-etary Union. The author analyses the key decisions of the Federal Consti-tutional Court of Germany on this issue. Special attention is paid to the need to implement some of the Treaty provisions as the core problem of the ratifica-tion process. 1. Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union. URL: http://european-council...

• European court of human rights’ judgments in the legal system of the Federal Republic of Germany

  The article evaluates the achievements of Russia’s pre-revolutionary civil law as the basis for the civil law of today. The basic elements of the Russian system of civil law are unique in their character. The authors argue that there is a certain correlation between the legal position of the state in the prerevolutionary Russia and Russia of today. The article ends with a conclusion It is necessary to develop a new conception of the participation of the state in civil relations. 1. Haß S. Die...

• The linguistic-pragmatic features of the realiza­tion of speech acts of threat in the political discourses of Germany and Spain

  The threat is one of the most effective ways to influence an interlocutor’s be­havior because it directly affects his or her personal interests. De­pending on the con­text, a threat may take various forms, which can be at odds with the traditional idea of both the structure of a threat and its linguistic markers. Threats are frequently used in contemporary po­litical discourse, which is gov­erned by norms and conventions. The radicaliza­tion of communication is a re­sult of social and economic problems...

• Inadvisable Concession: Kant’s Critique of the Political Philosophy of Christian Garve

  The starting point of my study is Kant’s remark to the effect that Garve in his treatise on the connection between morality and politics presents arguments in defence of unjust principles. Recognition of these principles is, according to Kant, an inadvisable concession to those who are inclined to abuse it. I interpret this judgement by making a detailed comparison of the texts of the two treatises. I demonstrate that Garve’s work is an eclectic attempt to combine in one concept the lessons of historical...

• Certain issues of correlation between the international financial law and the EU law

  The problem if interaction between the international financial law (IFL) and the EU law has become particularly vital in this integrational entity where a special legal system was created. It has been developing until now and carries the features of the both international and municipal law. Global financial crisis and subsequent sovereign debt crisis have substantially changed global financial architecture and led to a comprehensive reform of the financial branch in the EU. The author implementing...

• Russia and the European Union in the Baltic region: a treacherous path to partnership

  This article examines policies of Moscow and Brussels in the Baltics since the launch of the European Union’s Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region in June 2009. An increase in the efficiency of Russia’s policy in the region requires not only the development of bilateral relations with the region’s countries but also a dialogue with the European Union, the key player in the Baltic. The author identifies Russian economic, military, political, and humanitarian interests in the region, and describes the...

• The facets of German mentality and the search for a national identity in Germany’s sociocultural context at the turn of the century

  This article studies the works of Russian and international scholars to examine German mentality in the transitional period of the reunification of Germany. Another objective is to analyze the search for a new national identity at the turn of the century in the sociocultural context. To this end, the authors conduct a diachronic analysis of the national literary consciousness. The article identifies the psychological, sociocultural, political, and ideological causes of ambivalence in the reception...

• The concept of body and the problem of demarcation in new European metaphysics: from Descartes to Kant

  The formation of science and its separation from metaphysics are among the key characteristics of the early modern period. This separation faces a particular problem with conceptualization of body, which, while being a physical body, is closely bound up with spirit. Different ways of explaining the interaction between mind and body form a complex tradition, which has significantly influenced Kant’s pre-Critical writings. Reducing that crucial distinction between two substances to the empirical sphere...

• Countries of the Baltic Region in the Global Culinary Space

  Globalisation is creating a global culinary space where culinary traditions of different countries interact and compete. The author sets out to explore characteristic features of the culinary space of nine Baltic States as part of the global culinary space. The author uses empirical data on the number of restaurants serving different national cuisines in the main cities of the region. The Baltic culinary space incorporates the world’s leading cuisines (Italian, Japanese, Chinese, etc.) as well as...

• The principle of sufficient reason in German philosophy of the Enlight-enment

  In the 18th century, a philosophical dispute over the Principle of sufficient reason arose in Germany. Despite the fact that this Principe was explicitly formulated by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz only at the end of the 17th century, a major dispute about it was triggered by Christian Wolff who had considerable influence on the German philosophy of Enlightenment. In German Metaphysic, he presented the “strong” definition of the principle and its proof. As a result, freedom was restricted, because the...

• Framework for the Analysis of Geography of Transnational Corporations Investments Abroad

  This article develops a methodology for studying the geography of companies — an area of human geography that remains understudied in Russia. The authors refer to foreign direct investment (FDI) studies to stress the importance of analysing individual transnational corporations. Special attention is paid to FDI statistics, including international statistics provided by IMF, OECD, and UNCTAD, the official data of central banks on FDI destinations, and information on companies’ assets by geographical...

• Migration Flows in Europe: Space and Time Transformation

  One of the key manifestations of globalisation is an increase in the spatial mobility of population involving growing numbers of people into international migration processes. This article is an attempt to assess the density of migration connections between European states based on the 1990—2015 quantitative data. An analysis of migration flows and relevant net migration and net migration and migration localisation at the national and regional levels makes it possible to identify key trends in the...

• Geography of European Migration

  In recent decades, the role of international migration has increased dramatically in most European countries. The growth in migration has made some authors proclaim the beginning of a second Migration Period that could transform the social and cultural identity of Europe. The article presents an analysis of international migration geography in Europe in the last twenty-five years. The authors identify the main trends in migration, provide migration profiles of European countries, and propose a classification...

• Current Geodemographic Problems in the European Union and Migration Crisis of the 2010s

  This article demonstrates the effect of the 2010s migration crisis has had on the demographic development of the European Union. Employing statistics and map­ping, the study argues that the demographic development of EU states is not affected by either socioeconomic performance or religious, linguistic, and cultural charac­teristics. Migration inflow differs significantly by country and EU region. The au­thors analyse major irregular migration routes and show that their use cannot be always explained...

• The Legal Regulation of the EU Immigrant Integration Policy

  In this article, I consider the legal aspects of the EU policy on the integration of immigrants into the host society. The current EU basic law does not give the Union the power to issue legislative acts aimed at harmonizing national rules for the integration of immigrants. However, in the aftermath of the migrant crisis in Europe, this problem has been receiving increased attention. I systematize legal instruments for immigrant integration, analyse the conditions of the system formation, emphasize...

• The International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature and its Activity in the Baltic Sea States

  The article offers general information about the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature (MAPRYAL) and its main lines of activity. The authors focus on the activity of MAPRYAL in the Baltic Sea States offering a detailed description of the International Festival of Russian Language in the Baltic Sea States, and the events held by MAPRYAL in Germany, Poland, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark. Brunova Natalia, Moskovkin Leonid, Yurkov Yevgeny Baltic Region, Russian language...

• Russian-German philosophical dialogue in the late 19th/the first half of the 20th centuries: Publications of Russian philosophers in the Kant-Studien and Logos journals

  This article presents an overview of Russian philosophers’ publications in German periodicals of the late 19th/early 20th centuries. At the time, Germany boasted a significant number of journals dedicated to philosophy or addressing philosophical problems. Even in the first approximation, there are several dozen journals featuring either texts by Russian scientists or works dedicated to Russian philosophy. Of special importance are two journals with the most pronounced presence of Russian authors...

• Approaches to the Definition of the Baltic Sea Region

  The Baltic Sea region is one of the most developed and well-formed regions of international cooperation. It is a place for promoting collaboration between businesses, non-profits, public authorities, and municipalities of the countries located on the Baltic Sea coast and its adjacent territories. The Baltic Sea region has both unresolved problems and potential for development. This necessitates the identification of the Baltic Sea region territory having a capacity for the efficient development of...

• Russian-German research and academic cooperation in the Arctic

  This article is dedicated to the stages of development of international research cooperation in the framework of research and education projects focusing on the study of marine and polar territories of the Russian Federation and the Federative Republic of Germany. The largest and most stable projects are the establishment of the Russian-German laboratory of polar and marine research named after the Russian polar explorer of German origin, Otto Schmidt, — OSL — on the premises of AARI, the Russian-German...

• Specific features and content of innovative activities of social work specialists

  This article considers innovative activities of a specialist in social work. The author gives a definition of innovative product and provides a detailed description of stages of innovative activity. 1. Кайгородова Л.   А. Инновационные технологии в социальной работе с по­жилыми людьми. URL: http://home.novoch.ru 2. Карпова Ю.   А. Введение в социологию инноватики: учеб. пособие. СПб., 2004. 3. Нейхц Н.   П., Решетников В.   А. Традиция и инновация в социальной работе // Вестник Иркутского...

• An Assessment of the Economic Performance of the EU Baltic Region States

  The paper explores how the common economic space, a product of the EU, influenced the economies of the Baltic Sea Region states in 1995—2015. The authors investigate changes in the economic performance of the developed (Germany, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden) and Eastern European countries (Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) during the integration of the latter states into the EU. Performance dynamics is analyzed for eight EU Baltic Sea Region countries. Three Russian Baltic regions constitute a...

• The features and content of innovation activity of professional social workers

  An important feature of innovation activity of a professional social worker is that it is based on the personal approach and is aimed at creating social technologies developing the personality of client. This article offers the results of theoretical analysis of a profession social worker's innovation activity and describes the features, the content, and stages of innovation activity of a social worker. 1. Кайгородова Л.   А. Инновационные технологии в социальной работе с по­жи­лыми людьми. URL...

• Paul Natorp

  1. Белов В. Н. Неокантианство. Саратов, 2002. Ч. 2 : Пауль Наторп. 2. Гессен С. И. (Sergius). Пауль Наторп // Воля России: Журнал политики и культуры. 1924. № 8—9. С. 263—268. 3. Гессен С. И. Мое жизнеописание // Гессен С. И. Избр. соч. / сост. А. Валицкий, Н. Чистяков. М., 1998. С. 723—782. 4. Гессен С. И. Педагогические сочинения. Саранск, 2001. Т. 1. 5. Дмитриева Н. А. Русское неокантианство: «Марбург» в России : историко-философские очерки. М., 2007. 6. Дмитриева Н. А. Религия в пределах...