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The aim of this article is to adjust the technique of comparing the standard of living in 11 countries of Central and Eastern Europe that became members of the European Union (EU) during 2004-2013 (EU-11) and 15 countries of Western, Northern and Southern Europe – member states of the EU by 1995 (EU-15). We reveal that outright home ownership in the EU-11 countries exceeds ...

This article describes the characteristics of Eastern Europe as a political pro-ject. The author considers the genesis of Eastern Europe as a political region and identifies several periods in its history. The author analyses key features of sover-eignization- desovereignization of the region and examines ...

... power’ as well as related contradictions. In conclusion, the author identifies prospects of studies into the сoncept of ‘normative power’ of the European Union. 1. Igumnova, L. O. 2014, Kritika normativnoj sily Evropy v Rossii [Normative Power Europe Critique in Russia], Izvestija Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija «Politologija. Religiovedenie», T. 7, p. 122–133. 2. Pavlova, E., Romanova, T. 2014, Idejnoe sopernichestvo ili «tresh-diskurs»? [Ideological rivalry or “trash-discourse”?...

This article deals with the development of legal framework for Russia-EU relations in 2010. The author analyses the preparation of the new basic agreement, the development of sectoral EU-Russia agreements, and soft law amendments, as well as relevant regulations of the European Union and Russian law. The article reviews current initiatives and approaches of the Parties in the legal regulation of the „Partnership for modernisation". 1. Postojannoe predstavitel'stvo Rossijskoj Federacii pri Evropejskom...

The majority of EU member states, for which the excessive budget deficit procedure was introduced in 2009, managed to eliminate the deficit of their national budgets in September 2017. The EU started a reform of its subsidiary legislation in 2011 and introduced significant changes to the excessive budget deficit procedure. The article analyses the stages of the excessive budget deficit procedure, particularly those having new and much tougher requirements. The author describes the degree to which...

... international investors’ interpretation of the new European borders. The connection between the neighborhood effect on FDI distribution and geographical segmentation in the corporate paperwork is established. Some companies use a multilevel division (e. g. Europe/Eastern Europe), where the Baltics is usually associated with “Europe” (with or without Russia and Turkey). However, in some cases the Baltic States are clustered u nder “home market” (as is the case with some Swedish companies), “former ...

The problem if interaction between the international financial law (IFL) and the EU law has become particularly vital in this integrational entity where a special legal system was created. It has been developing until now and carries the features of the both international and municipal law. Global financial crisis and subsequent sovereign debt crisis have substantially changed global financial architecture and led to a comprehensive reform of the financial branch in the EU. The author implementing...

... decades, the role of international migration has increased dramatically in most European countries. The growth in migration has made some authors proclaim the beginning of a second Migration Period that could transform the social and cultural identity of Europe. The article presents an analysis of international migration geography in Europe in the last twenty-five years. The authors identify the main trends in migration, provide migration profiles of European countries, and propose a classification based ...

... integration of immigrants into the host society. The current EU basic law does not give the Union the power to issue legislative acts aimed at harmonizing national rules for the integration of immigrants. However, in the aftermath of the migrant crisis in Europe, this problem has been receiving increased attention. I systematize legal instruments for immigrant integration, analyse the conditions of the system formation, emphasize trends in the policy development, and examine the formation of relevant legislation ...

The article analyzes the development of EU — Russia energy relations through the lens of the evolution of three parameters: the political agenda (the Energy Dialogue), the institutional structure, and the legal modalities. The identification of these three aspects for assessing the evolution of EU — Russia energy relations is the novelty in the author’s approach. This study aims to identify the previous stages and assess the current state of EU — Russia energy dialogue, since they set out conditions...

... migrants and readmission, rules on border control, and rules on collaboration with third countries. The author pays special attention to analysing the current state of irregular immigration to the EU, which was dubbed the ‘greatest migration crisis in Europe’. The conclusion is that the European Union succeeded in the development of pioneering legislation on irregular immigration, which can serve as the basis for reception by other states. However, changes in the political and economic situation ...

... the official website of the European Union. 2010.[online] Available at: <http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference =IP/10/702& format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en> (Accessed 22 July 2010). 18. Joenninemi, P. 2002. Can Europe be told from the North? Tapping into the EU’s Northern Dimension. COPRI Working Paper, № 12. 19. Joenniemi, P. 2000. Changing politics along Finland’s borders: from Norden to the Northern Dimension. In: P. Ahponen (ed.). Tearing down the ...

.... Un-ta. Ser. 7 [Bulletin of St. Petersburg. Univ.], no. 4, p. 135—145. 4. Kamkin, A. K. 2013, Demograficheskie processy, migraciya i rynok truda v Zapadnoj Evrope (na primere FRG) [Demographic processes, migration and the labor market in Western Europe (on an example of Germany)]. In: Gromyko, Al. A. Bol'shaya Evropa v global'nom mire: novye vyzovy — novye resheniya (pod red.), Doklady Instituta Evropy, no. 292, Moscow, p. 103—110. 5. Karpov, G. A. 2014, Velikobritaniya: demografiya protiv ...

The article offers and an analysis of breeding bird fauna of Kaliningrad incomparison to Polish and one Lithuania cities. A total of 168 species breed in the cities under consideration, 94 (57.7 %) of them are common for all cities. Jacquard's diversity index was used to assess the dependence of species compositionon the geographical location in 10 European cities. The Kaliningrad breeding bird fauna exhibits the greatest similarity with the avifauna of Poznan and the least similarity is with the...

... ballistic missile defense (BMD) system in the Baltic and Nordic regions. These implications are to be considered to ensure Russia’s military security. Using the structural-functional method, the authors analyse the internal structure of the US BMD in Europe, stages of its implementation, and its influence on the military equilibrium in the region. Being similar to other regional missile defence systems of the Pentagon, BMD in Europe increases the offensive capabilities of the US armed forces and its ...

Integration of migrants is an intrinsic part of the modern life of almost all European states pursuing an active migration policy. This article sets out to identify socioeconomic and demographic conditions for the formation of a national migrant integration policy in the framework of implementing European directives. The study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of efficient integration policy development. The article presents an overview of the major forms of social integration...

This article considers Western Europe as a principal centre that has been attracting migrants over recent decades, primarily, in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. The Baltic region states are chosen for demonstration. Although they have different proportions of Muslim immigrants, Muslim ...

... Ads among Latinos, African Americans and Whites. In: Freeman, G., Hansen, R., Leal, D. L. (ed.) Immigration and Public Opinion in Liberal Democracies, New York, p. 286—306. 15. Fetzer, J. 2011, The Evolution of Public Attitude toward Immigration in Europe and the United States, 2000—2010. In: Research report “Improving EU and US Immigration Systems; Capacity for Responding the Global Challenges: Learning from experiences”, European University Institute Robert Schumann Centre for Advanced Studies,...

The article aims at analyzing the role of cross-border cooperation in the development of innovation potential of the Baltic Sea Region. The author analyzes the projects in the framework of the Neighborhood Programs implemented in 2000—2006 and related to the development of innovation potential in the Baltic Sea Region, particularly in the South-East Baltic. The author makes the conclusion about the need to increase the share of innovative projects with the participation of the regions of North-West...

This article addresses the issue of visa liberalisation between Russia and the European Union, which constitutes a key aspect of the parties’ diplomatic cooperation. This work sets out to identify the main results of Russia/EU cooperation. The authors have conducted a brief historical analysis of this area of relations. The visa “regionalisation” is considered in the context of identifying the key actors of the EU — Russia negotiations: the Kaliningrad region, Germany, Poland, and Lithuania. In their...

....nsf/162979df2beb9880432569e70041fd1e/042000c0cd9e8002c3256ffe002ae3a8? OpenDocument (accessed 23.11.2013). 21. Romanova, T., Pavlova, E. 2013, Rossijskaja modernizacija i Evrosojuz [Russia's modernization and the European Union], Sovremennaja Evropa [Modern Europe], no. 1, p. 45—57. 22. Boute, A. 2013, Energy Efficiency as a New Paradigm of the European External Energy Policy: The Case of the EU-Russian Energy Dialogue, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 65, no. 6, p. 1021—1054. 23. Monaghan, A. 2007, Russia ...

This article considers the structure of research system in Germany. It describes the federal and state levels of research management. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) bears primary responsibility for science and technology policy at the federal level. At the state level, this responsible is shared by the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Economy. The author emphasizes the role of the National Academy of Sciences “Leopoldina”, whose principal objective is to...

... obrazovatel’nyi ekonomicheskii aspekty [Language policy of the European Union: institutional, educational and economic aspects], Publishing house of the St. Petersburg University, 288 p. (in Russ.). 14. Troshina, N. N. 2015, The German language in modern Europe (scientific and analytical review). In: Troshina, N. N. (ed.) Yazykovaya situatsiya v Evrope nachala XXI veka [The linguistic situation in Europe at the beginning of the XXI century], scientific and analytical review, Moscow, p. 102—121 (in Russ....

The article explores opportunities for the sustainable economic development of coastal territories in the Baltic Sea region (BSR) arising in blue economy sectors in the framework of digital transformation. The study argues that a more active commercialisation of territorial resources can facilitate the sustainable economic development of the BSR coastal territories, following digitally-driven innovations. The paper provides an overview of methodological approaches to territorial sustainability. It...

... разума // Там же. Т. 6. 6. Ортега-и-Гассет Х. Восстание масс. М., 2002. 7. Beck U. Pouvoir et contre-pouvoir à l’heure de la mondialisation / trad. A. Duthoo. Champs Flammarion, 2003. 8. Bruns Th. Kant et l’Europe. Saarbrücken, 1973. 9. Commaille J. Normes juridiques et régulation sociale. LGDJ, Collection Droit et Société, 191. 10. Ferry J.-M. Problèmes théoriques de la construction européenne. Première Partie: Le sens politique de l’Union européenne....

... logic-semantic problems]. Moscow. pp. 357—370. 3. Arendt, Kh., 2017. Viva Activa, ili O deyatel'noi zhizni [Viva Activa, or About active life]. Moscow. pp. 55—66. 4. Achkasov, V. A., 2011. National populism in post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe: reasons for the growth of electoral support. Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta [Bulletin of MGIMO-University], 3, pp. 145—149. 5. Baranov, N. A., 2015. Revival of populism: European experience and Russian practices. Vestnik SPbGU [Bulletin of SPSU],...

This article presents an inventory and a typology of the existing and emerging economic clusters in the coastal zone of the European part of Russia. The authors hold that transboundary clustering takes priority in the Baltic coastal region — nine of the 56 clusters identified are located in the Kaliningrad region and another eight in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region. The authors describe major catalysts and immanent inhibitors in coastal zones. The former include a high density of coastal...

Circular economy has been studied extensively both in Europe and worldwide. It is largely viewed as a potential strategy for societal development, aimed to increase prosperity while reducing dependence on raw materials and energy. Many businesses regard circular economy as a way to enhance economic growth ...

... European Union, Warsaw. January 2001. 7. Menkiszak М. Rosja wobec Unii Europejskiej: kryzys „strategicznego partnerstwa” // Prace OSW. 2006. Nr 22. S. 3—32. Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich. 8. Moshes А. Kaliningrad: Challenges Between Russia and Europe // I. Kempe (ed.). Prospects and Risks Beyond EU Enlargement. 2003. Opladen. 9. Polska-Kaliningrad: od czerwca bez wiz? Podpisano umowę o małym ruchu granicznym. URL: http://www. tvpparlament. pl/aktualnosci/polskakaliningrad-odczerwca-bez-wiz/5885914 ...

... Delegation of the European Union to Russia], available at: http://eeas.europa. eu/delegations/russia/eu_russia/chronology/index_ru.htm (accessed 28 December 2012). 24. Statistics Norway, available at: http://www.ssb.no/ (accessed 10 December 2012). 25. Europe in figures — Eurostat yearbook 2011, available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/publications/eurostat_yearbook_2011 (accessed 22 December 2012). 26. European Union — Russian Federation cooperation in science, technology ...

... сайт Министерства сельского хозяйства Калининградской области. URL: http://mcx39.ru/ (дата обращения: 12.05.2017). 22. Hanta E., Bakker M. Abandonment and Expansion of Arable Land in Europe // Ecosystems. 2011. Vol. 14, iss. 5. Р. 720—731. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1017/s10021-011-9441-y (дата обращения: 01.04.2018). 23. Mander U., Kuuba R. Changing landscapes in Northeastern Europe based on examples ...

... European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 // Official Journal. 2013. L 176. P. 1—337. 14. Sattar O., Longevialle B., Birry A. Europe's ring-fencing proposals could make big banks safer to fail, but also have broader consequences. Standard and Poor’s Rating Services, 2013. URL: http://ec.europa.eu/finance/consultations/2013/bankingstructural-reform/docs/contributions/non-regis....

The article is sourced from the first 48 issues of The Messenger of Europe founded by N. M. Karamzin who was the publisher, editor and author of most articles of this literary and political journal in 1802—1803. The paper presents a systematised survey of the publications on the most important developments in England’s ...

....eu/regional_policy/en/policy/cooperation/macro-regional-strategies/baltic-sea/#1 (accessed: 14.09.2015). 5. BDF Summit 2015: Exploring the State of the Region, 2015, available at: http://www.bdforum.org/bdf-summit-2015-exploring-state-region/ (accessed: 14.09.2015). 6. Beazley, C. Europe's Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, 2016, available at: https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/0f1a87ba-5ff2-48f4-80ba-c2f66dbd6360:JCR (accessed: 22.01.2016). 7. Bengtsson, R. 2016, Sweden and the Baltic Sea Region. In: Pierre, J. (ed.) The Oxford ...

This paper identifies and explains the trends in the economic transformations in the Russian Northwest (NWFD). It studies the changes in the structure of the gross regional product (GRP) and economic specialization of the NWFD regions. The authors suggest approaches to managing structural changes in the economies of the NWFD regions. The authors propose a new method for the identification of the regional economic specialization on the basis of the reginal economy sectoral development rate. The article...

The article deals with the jey areas of Russian Neo-Kantianism studies in Poland. Although the number and quality of studies on the history of Russian Neo-Kantianism cannot be equated to those on the history of German Neo-Kantianism, the situation is improving. The authors stress the undeniable progress in Russian Neo-Kantianism studies in Poland: monographs, articles, collections, and research projects dedicated to certain scholars or aspects of the history of Russian Neo-Kantianism have appeared...

This article studies the Coot and Moorhen breeding in urban conditions. Seven years’ (1999—2003, 2006 -2007) field studies resulted in the compilation of an atlas of the Kaliningrad region’s nesting birds. The city territory was divided into 206 plots of an area of 1 km2. The urbanisation rate was estimated on a scale of 1 to 5. Kaliningrad is home to 208 breeding pairs of coots and 56 of moorhens. The Coot is more widespread (present in 25.2 % of the plots) than the Moorhen (13.6 %). The population...

... Russian Federation / European Union External Action. URL: http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/russia/docs/2007—2013_en.pdf (дата обращения: 13.03.2013). 6. Opinion № 193 (1996) on Russia’s request for membership of the Council of Europe. Parliamentary Assembly. Text adopted by the Assembly on 25 Jan. 1996 (7th sitting). Council of Europe. URL: http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta96/EOPI193.htm (дата обращения: 13.03.2013). 7. The monitoring ...

This article analyses property right protection in the framework of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and gives the definition of property subject to protection from offences according to the Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and frames the concept of expropriation and its types. The author focuses on the de facto expropriation phenomenon. 1.  Iatridis v. Greece, ECtHR 1999-II...

Inward foreign investment stock has grown remarkably in Belarus. It increased tenfold since 2000 to reach over $14 billion by the end of 2012. According to the Central Bank of Belarus, Finnish firms have invested nearly $100 million in Belarus making Finland the sixteenth most active foreign investor in the country. Approximately 7,000 companies with foreign capital were registered in Belarus by the beginning of 2013. Finnish companies founded three dozen of these foreign firms. A lack of scientific...

... universities show latent dissatisfaction with employment prospects, which is manifested in the declared intention to emigrate. The orientation of young residents of Kaliningrad and their peers from Gdansk and Klaipeda towards prevailing connections with Europe is complicated by the uncertainty of the EU-Russia relations. Young residents of Gdansk and Klaipeda reproduce dated stereotypes, and their interest in the Kaliningrad region is limited. However, as the experience of the other countries suggests,...

... political elites. 1. Fodor, E., Wnuk-Lipinski, E. Yershova, N. 1995, The New Political and Cultural Elite, Theory and Society, Vol. 24, no. 5 : Special Issue on Circulation vs Reproduction of Elites during the Postcommunist Transformation of Eastern Europe, p. 783—800. 2. Gallina, N. 2008, Political Elites in East Central Europe: Paving the Way for "Negative Europeanisation"? Budrich UniPress Ltd. 3. Wasilewski, J. 2001, Three Elites of the Central-East European Democratization. In: ...

... understanding of the functioning of Lithuanian political system in general will allow Russia to formulate a more efficient policy towards the Baltic States, which would promptly respond to emerging challenges. 1. Agh, A. 1998, The Politics of Central Europe, London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi. 2. Almond, G. A., Flanagan, S., Mundt, R. (eds.). 1973, Crisis, Choice, and Change: Historical Stories of Political Development, Boston. 3. Bourdieu, P. 1986, The forms of capital. In: Richards, J. G. (ed.),...

This article analyses different aspects of the EU-Russia academic mobility. The authors pay special attention to visa and migration registration issues faced by foreign citizens in Russia. 1. Soglashenie mezhdu Rossijskoj Federaciej i Evropejskim soobwestvom ob uprowenii vydachi viz grazhdanam Rossijskoj Federacii i Evropejskogo sojuza ot 25 maja 2006 g. [The agreement between the Russian Federation and the European Community on the facilitation of issuance of visas to the citizens of the Russian...

... so-called Kaliningrad discourse, i. e. political decisions, academic discussions and research, influenced by the internal transformation in the USSR and the Russian Federation (RF) as well as slips in the international policies of Central and Eastern Europe. 1.      Habermas J . The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory Cam­brid­ge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press, 1999. 2.      Huntington S. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. A Touchstone Book, ...

... International Affairs/Zinātne, Riga. 3. Ozoliņa, Ž. (ed.) 2016, Societal Security. Inclusion-Exclusion Dilemma. A Portrait of the Russian-Speaking Community in Latvia, Zinātne, Riga. 4. Smith, D.J. (ed.) 2005, The Baltic States and Their Region: New Europe or Old? Rodopi, New York. 5. Keller, R. 2013. Doing Discourse Research: An Introduction for Social Scientists, SAGE, Los Angeles. 6. Moravcsik, A., Schimmelfennig, F. 2009, Liberal Intergovernmentalism. In: Wiener, A., Diez, T. (eds.) European ...

The origins in Marxist-Leninist philosophy of the dogma about Kant as the German theorist of the French Revolution requires some analysis and I explain how a phrase of Marx later gave rise to the dogma. I first look at the sources that influenced K. Marx’s view of Kant and the French Revolution, above all С. F. Bachmann and H. Heine. I then examine the form in which Kant’s philosophy was compared with the French Revolution in the non-Bolshevik milieu before the 1917 Russian Revolution (P. Ya. Chaadayev...

The geography of modern innovation processes increasingly covers not only megalopolises and large industrial cities, but also rural areas. The issue of innovative development of the countryside has acquired particular prominence in the context of securing human capital and preventing the marginalization of rural settlements, though creating a favorable environment for life and business in particular. At the initial stage, the innovation of rural areas is associated with the diffusion and implementation...

The 2015 migration crisis significantly affected the EU’s area of freedom, security, and justice and challenged the cohesion and solidarity of the European Union. Although the crisis is past its peak, it is not over yet: problems and challenges associated with it persist. One of them is the lack of a common approach among member states to the implementation of the principle of solidarity in the EU area of immigration and asylum. This work aims to consider the legal and political aspects of the implementation...

The paper explores how the common economic space, a product of the EU, influenced the economies of the Baltic Sea Region states in 1995—2015. The authors investigate changes in the economic performance of the developed (Germany, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden) and Eastern European countries (Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) during the integration of the latter states into the EU. Performance dynamics is analyzed for eight EU Baltic Sea Region countries. Three Russian Baltic regions constitute a...