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The author studies governmental measures to regulate the sphere of promotion in rank in the Russian Empire analyzing new data obtained from unpublished documents of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). Documents demonstrate the role of the Table of Ranks of Peter I and its influence on the development of civil ranks in the Russian Empire. The issues of uncontrolled growth of the bureaucracy and abuse of civil ranks for the rapid career advancement of civil servants are seen to be essential...

The widespread assessment of the early period of Semyon L. Frank’s work as being influenced by German Neo-Kantianism is in need of a critical scrutiny. There are several reasons why the Russian philosopher’s interest in Neo-Kantianism merits a closer look. First, two systemic theories belonging to different trends exerted a decisive influence on Russian philosophy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: German Neo-Kantianism and Vladimir Solovyov’s school of all-unity. Second, Frank...

The key thesis of natural teleology is that the products of nature should be judged by the goal of their existence or they should be explained as if such a goal existed. The prevailing view in the literature is that there are two main stages in the development of teleology in the framework of philosophical knowledge: the classicaland the non­classical. The isolation of these stages is based on the conviction that at a certain period of time finalism is supplanted by the notion of the goal engendered...

This paper analyses the operation of the ‘qui pro quo’ principle in Zinaida Gippius's sto­ry “Ivan Ivanovich and the Devil.” Rooted in a comedic literary device based on misunder­standing and confusion, the ‘qui pro quo principle’ was identified by Rita Kleyman as a key element in the poetics of Fedor Dostoevsky's works, particularly in his novel “The Brothers Karamazov”. Scholars have frequently noted the connection between Gippius's story and Dostoevsky’s novel. However, the presence of another...

The core idea of formalism is that literature is not merely a function of psychology or so­cial theory and cannot be explained using the tools of these sciences. One could say that poet­ics is almost the only philological subdiscipline that has managed to preserve the fundamental idea of formalism, explaining poetic facts in terms of poetics itself, rather than through eco­nomic, sociological, or psychological means. This is precisely the approach taken by Mikhail Gasparov in his article on the history...

The article examines the concept of the rhetorical question, which — quite surprisingly — is still not part of the standard and widely recognized inventory of linguistic categories, and the term ‘rhetorical question’ is rarely used in linguistic studies. At the same time, the ex­pres­sion ‘rhetorical question’ is actively employed in discourse, and, at first glance, seems to be used in a rather broad and undefined sense. The goal of this article is to distinguish between the­se two fields: linguistics...

The article presents a comparative analysis of the policy documents of two contemporary communist parties in Russia — the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) and the Communists of Russia. The study aims to identify the fundamental ideological differences between these political actors in their understanding of the theoretical foundations and practical ...

... Lachininsky, S. S. 2013, Opyt of typology of geoeconomic risks [Experience typology geo-economic risks], Geografija i prirodnye resursy [Geography and natural resources]. no. 2. 2. Lachininskii, S. S. 2012, Current trends in geoeconomic studies in Russia,Regional Research of Russia, Vol 2, Pleiades Publishing Ltd, p. 80—86, available at: http://link. springer. com/article/10.1134/S2079970512010054 (accessed 22 March 2013). 3. Zhiznin, S. 2010, Russian energy diplomacy and international energy ...