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The article considers the steps taken by Lithuania towards gaining energy independence in the interbellum and the Soviet periods. The author analyses the peculiarities of the republic's energy policy after achieving independence in the early 1990s and estimates the methods of diversifying energy ...

The European migration crisis has brought scholarly attention to national migration policies, including those of the Baltic states — Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia — all of which border Russia. This study aims to identify the key features of these policies, considering both Russian interests and those of the EU. To this end, this article undertakes, for the first time, a comparative ...

... Russian population in the Baltic republics during the rise of Russophobic sentiments in these countries from 2018 to 2023. The aim of the article is to identify current trends in the dynamics of the Russian ethnic population in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, considering the spatial characteristics of their settlement, and to compare this with the situation before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The research is based on official data from national statistical departments, including the results ...

Based on materials from the State Archive of the Kaliningrad Region, in particular un­published meeting protocols, correspondence on industrial issues, reports and proposals of the Department of Light and Food Industry of the Regional Committee of the CPSU, decrees and directives of the Kaliningrad Council of National Economy, and decisions of the Kaliningrad Regional Executive Committee, the article examines the history and development of the man­agement of Soviet light industry enterprises in the...

This article considers the semantics of Russian and Lithuanian zoonym phraseological units and performs their semantic and structural systematisation. The author identifies the cultural linguistic features of fixed expressions containing a zoonym component in the worldview of native speakers. 1. Гак В. Г. Сравнительная типология французского и русского языков. М., 1976. 2. Гудавичюс А. Сопоставительная семасиология литовского и русского языков. Вильнюс, 1985. 3. Зайнуллина Л. М. Композиционная...

The article analyzes the role of a group of factors related to the determination of Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian position in relation to each other, as well as to the international processes of European politics of the historical period of 1991–2014 in the formation of their foreign policy. The author establishes that the factor of European integration started to determine the policy of Baltic states towards their neighbours yet in times of their preparartion for the EU accession. The factor...

Based on the materials of the Sovetskaya Klaipeda newspaper, this article explores manifestations of the politics of memory pursued in Klaipėda and the whole West Lithuania region during the second half of the 1940s—the first half of the 1950s. The author identifies the main institutions responsible for creating a specific image of the past in Lithuanian society during late Stalinism. Based on newspaper articles,...

... security: An interna-tional perspective // Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2010. № 35. Р. 77—108. 8. Winzer C. Conceptualizing energy security // Energy Policy. 2012. № 46. Р. 36—48. 9. World Nuclear Association, Nuclear Power in Lithuania, updated August 2014. URL: http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Lithuania/ (дата об¬ращения: 12.12.2014). 10. Барсуков Ю. «Газпром» возьмет Калининград с моря ...

This article considered the stage and features of formation of the state border with Poland and Lithuania, as well as the delimitation of the Russian marine area in the Kaliningrad region zone. The Polish border was established by the Soviet-Polish border agreement of 1945. It was of astronomical nature and did not take into account the earlier ...

This article analyzes the origins of the contemporary conflict generating Polish-Lithuanian relations. The authors consider the features of the Polonization of Lithuania and ensuing Russification in the second half of the 19th century, the problems of Polish-Russian relations during the interbellum (1918—1939) and the period of the post-war development of the two states. The authors come to a conclusion that ...

... problems of preserving ethnocultural identity in the conditions of globalisation and blurring of cultural distinctions, first of all, the possible loss of ethnocultural identity of Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet space of the Republic of Lithuania. A specialised survey is used as material for the analysis of the role of education as one of the most important social institutions ensuring the formation, preservation, and reproduction of cultural identity. 1. Андрейчук Н. В....

This article addresses the controversial issue of the strength of the Russian garrison and the Polish-Lithuanian army during the Siege of Pskov in the period of the Livonian War. The article offers data provided in the Russian Chronicles on the Siege of Pskov by Stefan Batory and the works of Polish contemporaries. The author describes the perspectives of prerevolutionary, Soviet and contemporary researchers on the strength of the opposing forces. The author comes to a conclusion that Stefan Batory's...

... территорий и взаимо­действию с органами местного самоуправления Правительства Калининград­ской области, 2007. URL: http://www.gov39.ru 4.  Triple Jump. Projects of Lithuania , Poland and Kaliningrad Region of Russian Federation Neighbourhood Programme , 2008.

The article offers and an analysis of breeding bird fauna of Kaliningrad incomparison to Polish and one Lithuania cities. A total of 168 species breed in the cities under consideration, 94 (57.7 %) of them are common for all cities. Jacquard's diversity index was used to assess the dependence of species compositionon the geographical location in 10 European ...

.... 1990, Political Networks: the Structural Perspective, Cambridge University Press. 13. Agh, A. 1998, The Politics of Central Europe. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi, Sage Publications. 14. Lieven, A. 1994, The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence, New Haven, London: Yale University Press. 15. Kirchanov, M. V. 2007, Latvija i strany Baltii: problemy diplomaticheskoj i politicheskoj istorii [Latvia and the Baltic States: the issue of diplomatic and political ...

... traffic to/from Afghanistan. In conclusion, a forecast of possible transit development in Latvia is provided. 1. Zakon LR ot 01.03.1995 (red. ot 29.12.2011) — redakcija v sile s 01.01.2012 «O podohodnom naloge s predprijatij» [Law of the Republic of Lithuania on 03.01.1995 (as amended on 29.12.2011) — version in force from 01.01.2012 «On Corporate Income Tax.»], available at: http://www. baltikon.lv/uploaded_files/z_pnp-2012ru. pdf (accessed 11 February 2013). 2. Zakon LR «O naloge na nedvizhimost'« ...

... 3—14. 16. Wirth, P. 1997, Zukunftsorientierte Entwicklungsstrategien im ländlichen Raum der neuen Bundesländer, ProRegio, no. 20—21, p. 53—57. 17. Zverev, Yu. M., Batorshina, I. A., Megem, M. Ye. 2011, The research and technology development in Lithuania and the prospects of research and technology cooperation between Lithuania and the Russian Federation, Baltic Region, no. 2 (8), p. 55—63. doi: 10.5922/2079—8555—2011—2—6. Belova Anna, Levchenkov Andrei 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-3-8 ...

.... 1995, Erinnerungen, Berlin, Siedler, 1087 S. 3. A Letter from the President of the Republic of France François Mitterrand and the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Helmut Kohl To the President of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania Vytautas Landsbergis, available at: http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2001-8/Letter. pdf (accessed 3 June 2011). 4. Škapars, Ja. (ed.), 2006, Baltijskij put' k svobode. Opyt nenasil'stvennoj bor'by stran Baltii v mirovom kontekste [The Baltic ...

... šalies narystę ES ir ja domisi, LR URM, available at: http://www.infopol.lt/lt/naujienos/detail.php?ID=2977 (accessed 5 August 2010). 30. Žalgiris, 2009, no. 15. 31. Žalgiris, 2009, no. 1. Vorotnikov Vladislav 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-3-7 51-60 Lithuania, Lithuanian foreign policy, “Žalgiris” movement, Russian-Lithuanian relations, Lithuania and the European Union

... country (July 10). [online] Available at:<http://www. webo metrics. info> (Accessed 20 November 2010). 24. Šiaulių universiteto. [online] Available at: <http://www. su. lt> (Accessed 20 November 2010). 25. Statistic Lithuania. [online] Available at: <http://www. stat. gov. lt> (Accessed 20 November 2010). 26. Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas. [online] Available at: <http://www. vpu.lt> (Accessed 20 November 2010). 27. Vilnius Gediminas ...

... well as the assessment of migration influence on the socioeconomic development of three border territories. 1. V buduwem zhiteljam Litvy pridetsja rabotat' dol'she i tjazhelee // Sajt «Litovskaja respublika». [online] Available at: <http://www.lithuania.by/> (Accessed 12 Oktober 2010). 2. V krizis Litvu nakryla bol'shaja volna jemigracii//Sajt IA «Delfi» [online] Available at: <http://ru.delfi.lt/news/live/specialist-po-migracii-takoj-volny-emigracii-my-ne-ozhidali.d?id=31238255> ...

The article evaluates negative externalities of the electricity industry and possibilities for the sustainable development. The concept of negative externalities of the electricity industry and evaluation and internalization of the negative externalities are reviewed from the viewpoint of principles of environmental economics and sustainable development. 1.         Arrow K. J. (1970). The organization of economic activity: issues pertinent to the choice of market versus nonmarket allocation. /...

... monument to Soviet soldiers in central Tallinn on the Russian cargo transit flows through the Baltic Sea region is described. The author shows that there has been a redistribution of Russian cargoes and their shipment through the ports of Latvia and Lithuania lately. According to the author, the positive dynamics of Russian-Latvian and Russian-Lithuanian relations should be sustained, proceeding from the assumption that sooner or later, the logic of economic cooperation may prove stronger than political ...

Since the accession of Poland and Lithuania to the EU, the nature, forms and content of their border cooperation with the Kaliningrad region have fundamentally changed. There is a tendency towards strengthening the neighborhood policy. The already gained extensive and varied experience ...

... while simultaneously enhancing its military and strategic significance as a Russian outpost. The article analyzes the key challenges facing the Kaliningrad region, including its exclave status, sanctions pressure, restrictions on cargo transit through Lithuania, the militarization of the region, and threats of a maritime blockade. It examines the evolution of policies pursued by the Baltic states aimed at isolating the region, as well as Russia’s response measures, including military and political ...

The study examines the instruments for shaping post-Soviet macro-identity in the Baltic states (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia). Macro-identification is defined in a narrow sense as a political technology of civilizational reorientation, involving a break with historical and cul­tural ties to Greater Russia and the formation of new connections with the Western ...

... Northwestern region of the Russian Empire during the process of Russification in the 19th to early 20th centuries. To achieve the research goal, the following tasks were addressed: a historical overview of the formation of the community in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was provided, a characterization of the existence of the Old Believer community in the region within the Russian Empire was given, circumstances of the settlement of the community members in the Northwestern region were discussed, and the dynamics ...

The social institution of locators, alongside the feudal land tenure system, was one of the main methods for land development in the Teutonic Order’s state. The position of a locator entailed establishing a settlement, attracting residents to its territory, and managing the social life of the new community. The formation of this group from the local population during the period of 1300-1370 raises the question of their status within the new social system, the key characteristics of which include...

The activities of Russian and Crimean state and public figure N. A. Sultan-Krym-Girei in the development of the Sokols’ sports and gymnastics movement in Russia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries have been studied. It was established that N. A. Sultan-Krym-Girei’s development as a specialist in gymnastics took place during his education and military service in the Lithuanian Life Guards Regiment, where he served as the head of the gymnastics team. In his civil service in the...

... Philosophical Thought of Belarus in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century: Summary of the Habilitation (Philosophical Sciences)]. Minsk: BGU. (In Rus.) Shalkevich, V. F. and Legchilin, A. A., 2005. Reception of I. Kant’s Philosophy in Belarus and Lithuania in the First Third of the 19th Century. In: V. N. Briushinkin, ed. 2005. Kant mezhdu Zapadom i Vostokom. K 200-letiyu so dnya smerti i 280-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Immanuila Kanta [Kant between West and East. On the 200th Anniversary of the ...