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... to Kant’s transcendentalism in general as well as to his conception of appearance in particular. Its use makes it possible to clarify both the metaphysical and ontological status of appearance. I show that, from the metaphysical point of view, the specificity of appearance is given by the transcendental triad “object (thing in itself) — appearance — representation.” Within this triad, on the one hand, appearance differs from both thing in itself (external to us) and the representation (within ...

... inflammation in mice and is differentially associated with liver pathology depending on the Plasmodium strain // PloS one. 2014. Vol. 9, № 11. P. e113519. 8. Truscott M. et al. Schistosoma mansoni hemozoin modulates alternative activation of macrophages via specific suppression of Retnla expression and secretion // Infection and immunity. 2013. Vol. 81, № 1. P. 133—142. 9. Perkins D. J. et al. Severe malarial anemia: innate immunity and pathogenesis // International journal of biological sciences. 2011....

... derive not from canonical Christian names, but from their Russian dialectal variants, highlighting the complex nature of interlingual contact. Differences in the operation of adaptation mechanisms between Votic and Ingrian are shown to stem from the specific phonological and morphological structures of each language. Particular attention is devoted to processes of vocalic and consonantal adaptation, including consonant gemination, palatalization, and epenthesis. Morphological aspects of adaptation ...

... many allusions and reminiscences contained in it, which have a clearly expressed historical content. The need for such a methodology is dictated by the main objective of the study: to demonstrate the possibility of interpreting Collinsʼs story as a specific historical representation. As a result of the analysis, the veiled historical content of the story was explicated, thanks to which it can be considered as a specific representation of historical reality, close to oneiric representation: historical ...

Based on a review of the contemporary state family policy of the Russian Federation re­garding the formation of family values, the article presents specific proposals for its improve­ment, using Saint Petersburg as a case study. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehen­sive approach that combines the analysis of the legal framework, statistical data, and sociolog­ical surveys to evaluate the ...

The article constitutes the first part of a broader study devoted to the analysis of Fourth World theory and the evolution of the contemporary world order. This first part presents the results of a brief analysis of the differences and specific features in the scholarly use of the terms “world order,” “international order,” and “international relations.” The methodologi­cal framework combines elements of historical and political analysis, a comparative typologi­cal approach,...

... theoretical understanding and development of measures to ensure it. A socio-geographical approach to addressing this issue allows factoring in the regions’ spatial characteristics, in particular, the influence of the border factor. Highlighting the specific functions of border regions that distinguish them from the internal territories of the country, the paper presents a hierarchy of economic security factors. In terms of their content, we consider groups of general and specific factors, while ...

... study, only subject-specific vocabulary was selected, using a random sampling method of words from certain groups reflecting ethnolinguistic content. The subsequent analysis of this vocabulary will enable the identification of the national and cultural specificity of the Russian language in the post-revolutionary era. Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by D. N. Ushakov, subject vocabulary, ethnolinguistic source, dialect vocabulary, realities of modern times and their designation,...

The article addresses the integration of ethnocultural aspects of the Arctic issues concerning the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Russian Far East (ISNP) into the socio-economic development strategies (SEDS) of the regions and municipalities within the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The study is based on the authors' methodology for content analysis of strategies, which enables the identification of the presence of various Arctic-specific topics in...

... hypotyposis, which can be understood as thinking by analogy supplemented with a reference to intuition. Here, both an historical and a contemporary interpretation inform the reconstruction of what Kant understands by “symbolic hypotyposis”. Further, the specific nature of the ideas that Kant develops in Religion is examined, and it is shown that these are to be classified as ‘impure’ ideas — in contrast to the ‘pure’ ideas dealt with in the second Critique, e.g., of God. With the analogy and ...

... the respondents report rarely or never using ‘mat’ (excluding quotations), with 23 respondents claiming they have never used it. 14 % of the respondents identify themselves as frequent users, while 60 % admit to using it occasionally or only in specific social settings. Many respondents believe that profanity is used to some extent by everyone. However, a significant portion express discomfort when it is used simply to fill pauses in conversation. 35 % of the respondents admit to using obscene ...

... activities of the industrial, livestock, and agricultural sectors. These heavy metals can cause serious physiological and biochemical disturbances in vertebrates and inver­tebrates, which makes bioindication and the assessment of heavy metal toxicity using specific protein markers highly relevant. For insects, as the most widespread group of invertebrates in ecosystems, contamination with traces of heavy metals primarily leads to elimination. There­fore, the heightened sensitivity of insects to pollution ...

... i ideal'nye ob"ekty [Cycles of activity and ideal objects]. Moscow (in Russ.). Krenke, N. P., 1933—1935. Fenogeneticheskaya izmenchivost' [Phenogenetic varia­bility]. Vol. 1. Moscow (in Russ.). Kudrin, B. I., 2002. Mathematics of cenoses: specific, rank-specific, rank-by-para­me­ter hyperbolic H-distributions and the laws of Lotka, Zipf, Pareto, Mandelbrot. Filosofskie osnovaniya tekhnetiki. Matematicheskii apparat strukturnogo opisaniya tsenozov i giperbolicheskie N-ogranicheniya. ...

... process. Apart from linguistic expertise, the translation of philosophical texts re­quires a profound understading of the subject matter. Ambiguity of philosophical terms, which appears as a result of the development of a particular concept within a specific philo­sophical school of thought, may lead to inconsistencies in the translation decision-making. The paper aims to apply a cognitive approach to the translation of epistemological terms into the German and English language: Erkenntnis/cognition ...

... issues in morphology, syntax, accentology, and historical gram­mar. This apparent variety of his research interests gives an impression that Zaliznjak moved from purely structural paradigmatic descriptions to merely historical-philological analysis of specific texts. Zaliznjak basic method, however, remained unchanged throughout his life. His descriptions were always rule-based: he extracted rules from language data and tested them on a specific collection of texts. Zaliznjak’s rules can, therefore,...

Translation of philosophical texts is a special challenge because of specific philosophical idiom and conceptual complexity of the narrative. It is not surprising that such translations are often accompanied by commentaries where the translator steps out of the shadows to justi­fy the translational decisions. This kind ...

... Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs Witold Waszczykowski. Major changes in the communicative space, the dominance of digital media resources and multimodal messages, the hegemony of visual culture and the increased impact of the social factor on the specifics of linguistic transformations contribute to the growing popularity of social semiotic studies. In the theoretical part of the paper, I give a brief analysis of the evolu­tion of the concept of "context" in linguistics from the perspective ...

... literary production. My paper deals with the theories of Viktor Shklovsky and Iurii Tynianov outlining how these two members of the Petersburg “Society for the Study of Poetic Language”(OPOIAZ) conceived of the writer as a rational agent pursuing a specific goal, and of the means at his/her disposal to attain it. Their approaches, I will illustrate, correspond well to two specific types of rationality: “instrumental” and “bounded.” To conclude, I will juxta­pose the Formalists’ conceptualization ...

... and A. A. Shiyan, eds. 2018. Transcendental’nyj povorot v sovremennoj filosofii (3): priroda (specifika) transcendental’noj filosofii: tezisy mezhdunarodnogo nauchnogo seminara [The Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy (3): the Nature (Specificity) of Transcendental Philosophy. Proceedings of International Seminar]. Moscow: GAUGN Press, pp. 11-13. (In Rus.) Kalinnikov, L. A., 2018b. A. S. Pushkin i I. Kant. Pojet i filosofija [Pushkin and Kant. The Poet and Philosophy]. Kaliningrad: ...

... opponents could, in turn, charge him with rationalising and some theorists, namely Act-Consequentialists, seem to be in an even stronger position to charge Kant with rationalising than vice versa. In response, I propose standards that do not assume a specific normative theory and that become apparent when we look at clear-cut abuses of rationality. These standards of minimally decent reasoning can help us diagnose rationalising. I develop these standards by looking at inadequate uses of rational capacities ...

The review presents the International Workshop “Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy-3: Nature (Specificities) of Transcendental Philosophy” held in Moscow on 19-22 April, 2018. The workshop was co-sponsored by the State Academic University for the Humanities, the Russian State University for the Humanities and the Foundation for the Humanities....

... of concepts in intuition” (see: “to construct a concept means to exhibit a priori the intuition corresponding to it”; [CPR, A 713/В 741], which is “thoroughly grounded on definitions, axioms, and demonstrations” [CPR, A 726/В 754]. Unlike specific ‘physical’ objects, mathematical objects are of abstract nature and they are introduced using Hume’s principle of abstraction. Based on the doctrine of schematism, Kant develops an original theory of abstraction: Kant’s schemes serve ...

The article continues a series of author’s works devoted to the study of various types of landscape in the works of French writers of the 19th century. A understudied novel by H. de Balzac “Seraphita” reveals the specific ways of creating the northern landscape. It is determined that Balzac’s landscape does not only create an additional emotional background, affect the perception of the characters of the characters, but also becomes a plot-forming factor. Natural ...

... identification of factors that determine the use of phraseological units in speech. A methodo­logical set for semantic comparative analysis of phraseological units in Rus­sian, French and German makes it possible to identify semantic universals and specific national features of phraseological units, as well as to analyze the linguistic and extralinguistic reasons for the similarities and differences of phraseological units in the studied languages. Component analysis of the studied phraseological ...

... “clinical recommendations”, “clinical guidelines”, “diagnostic and treatment protocol”. The article com­pares the terminological phrases with the keywords “recommendations”, “management” and “protocol”, multicomponent units that name specific va­rieties of these documents. It was revealed that a large number of syntagmatic connections of the main term and its derivatives (attributive and substantive) explains the coexistence of many derived units, which complicates the profes­sional ...

This paper describes ways to interpret the lexemes paradise and hell in definition-like aphorisms resembling a dictionary entry. These definitions use both traditional universal ways to interprets words and specific ones, in particular, association, antonymy-based dis­tinction, repetition-based distinction, and formal signalling. When association is invoked, the lexemes paradise and hell are interpreted based on metaphorical convergence and met­onymic ...

The article describes the results of a socio-psychological research of as­sumptions about the future of participants of the World Youth Festival (2017). The authors used the method of associations, which allowed them to reveal structural elements of reality in the future, in 10 years time, as it is im­agined by youth, including the expected changes in society and personality. The authors analyse the data describing gender-specific assumptions about the future. The analysis of international data made...

The article reveals the specificity of the speech representation of the au­thor’s category in the texts of contemporary Serbian publicists, devoted to the most acute and topical events in the life of Serbia’s domestic policy, in par­ticular to the events of the election ...

... material of the author’s diaristic and epistolary texts, which manifest his linguistic personality. The epistolary texts are analysed in reference to the addressee and their relationship with the author. Special attention is paid to the functional specificity of the parable as a genre and the absurd character of the author’s narration. 1. Бабенко Н. С. О лингвистическом смысле разграничения текстов на жанры // Лексика и стиль....

... main definitions, content, as well as critics. The significance of development of national identity and cultural self-determination for effective intercultural communi-cation is pointed out. Besides, the role of the Russian Idea as a Russian nation specific component, forming the national identity, when dealing with intercul-tural communication practices is discussed. 1. Berdyaev N. The Russian Idea: the Major Issues of the Russian Thought of XIX and Early XX centuries, 1946. URL: http://philologos....

This article considers the structure of the conceptual metaphor of death in A.V. Ilichevsky’s collection of short stories An Asinine Jaw. The existential spatial model of the mentioned metaphor and the specific character of its cognitive-semantic organization are revealed. The author identifies the specific features of the metaphorical reconsideration of Russian reality and the ways of the character’s existence in the world. In A.V. Ilichevsky’s ...

The author analyses the linguistic and pragmatic aspects of retrospective discourse which is structured by various means including culture-specific words. The author offers a systematized classification of these words depending on the effect these words produce on the reader. Special attention is paid to anthroponyms, toponyms, and temporal markers accumulating information which is important to the reader. 1. Каменская О. Л. Текст и коммуникация. М., 1990. 2. Прозоров В. В. Читатель и литературный...

This article considers education as a phenomenon of inclusive educational space. The notion of “inclusive educational space” is defined, its general and specific characteristics are outlined, and the principles of organizing an inclusive educational space are formulated. Special attention is paid to the results of a SWOT-analysis that made it possible to identify the hierarchy of opportunity and threat ...

The satirical works of N. V. Gogol, A. Averchenko, and I. Ilf and Ye. Petrov help consider the specific functional features of the microfield of interrogatively imperative modality in a literary text. The author establishes the structure-content correlation of the question and imperative within the given microfield and identifies the most regular ...

One of the main factors impeding the professional development of future specialists is various forms of deviant behavior. This article studies the possibility of applying specific and targeted physical effects on the pattern of students’ behavioural risks. 1.  Илькевич Б. Формирование профессиональной мотивации // Вестник высшей школы. 2001. №   8....

The article reveals the specificity of relevant subject-object interactions in novelized biography. Special attention is given to subjectreconstructor and subject-prototype interference originating in the author’s work on documentary material. 1.  Геращенко А....

The article deals with the content of the cultural component of meaning. Special attention is given to the functions the cultural component performs in the text and to the problem of culture-specific information translation in the context of cross-cultural dialogue. 1. Бучило Н.   Ф., Чумаков А.   Н. Философия. М., 2001. 2.  Вежбицкая А. Семантические универсалии и «примитивное мышле­ние» // Вежбицкая А. Язык, культура, познание. М., 1997. 3. Корнилов О.   А. Языковые картины мира...

The article examines the essence of the geopolitical security phenomenon, studies the specifics of the geopolitical security of modern Russia. The main threats and vulnerabilities affecting the current state of Russia’s geopolitical security are highlighted. The author determines necessity, content and structure of the process of monitoring ...