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... Federation since 1990]. In: Artobolevsky, S. S., Sintserov, L. M. (eds.), 2008, Transformacija rossijskogo prostranstva: social'no-jekonomicheskie i prirodno-resursnye faktory (polimasshtabnyj analiz) [Transformation of the Russian space: socio-economic and natural resource factors (full analysis)], collection of reports XXV session MARS, Moscow, p. 173—181. 11. Lexin, V. N. 2009, Goroda vlasti: administrativnye centry Rossii [City government: administrative centers of Russia], Mir Rossii [World of Russia],...

... position, the ‘concentration effect’, and the population influx. It is stressed that wide regional disparities observed within such small territory are indicative of the spatial structure of society development — primarily under the influence of natural features, which are nearly impossible to disregard. 1. Act on the Autonomy of Åland, 2013, available at: http://www.finlex.fi/sv/laki/kaannokset/1991/en19911144.pdf (accessed 26 January 2013). 2. Posol'stvo Finljandii, Moskva. General'noe ...

A stereotypical understanding of EU-Russia energy relations is often reduced to trade in oil and natural gas, which downplays the importance of energy efficiency cooperation. Such cooperation is promoted within the Energy Charter and its Treaty, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, Energy Dialogue, Common Economic Space, Partnership for Modernisation....

... infrastructure — and thus political — projects aimed at a qualitative breakthrough in the socio-economic development of the countries under investigation. The scheduled multi-billion investments into energy sector are of political rather than economic nature. The projects to develop alternative power grids and high-speed railways can result in large-scale economic downturns diminishing the prospects of balanced social development. The author addresses the classical concepts of the theory of regional ...

... scientific and technological cooperation between the USSR], Moscow. 13. Zadumkin, K. A., Terebova, S. V. 2009, Mezhdunarodnoe nauchno-tehnicheskoe sotrudnichestvo: sushhnost', soderzhanie i formy [International scientific and technological cooperation: the nature, content and form], Problemy razvitija territorii [Problems of development of the area], no. 1 (47), July — September 2009, p. 22—30. 14. Ivanter, V. V., Kuzyk, B. N. 2005, Budushhee Rossii: inercionnoe razvitie ili innovacionnyj proryv? [The ...

....pdf (accessed 11 March 2013). 7. Cohesion Policy 2014—2020: Investing in growth and jobs, 2011, Luxembourg. 8. Directive 2009/73/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas and repealing Directive 2003/55/EC, 2009, Official Journal of the European Union, 14.8.2009, available at: eur-lex.europa.eu (accessed 19 April 2011). 9. EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy_cooperate/baltic/documents_en....

... Königsberg retrieved from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, the author analyses relations between the USSR and Germany in 1925—1930. The author focuses on the role of the “Polish question”, which largely affected the nature of bilateral relations. The consulate documents indicate that Soviet diplomacy aspired to exploit the differences between Poland and Germany over a wide range of issues (the geopolitical situation of East Prussia, the position of national minorities,...

A higher level of unity and cohesion across the European Union member states is an important aspect of European integration though it has a rather ambiguous nature. The Law on the Common Market, which aims to increase the economic efficiency of the EU, became a subject of extensive discussions among researchers suggesting that its viability at the political and socio-economic levels depends on a fair distribution ...

... citizens of the EU and Russia”, which is currently the main document in the visa dialogue. Having assessed the implementation of the provisions contained in the four blocks of the “Common Steps”, the authors draw conclusions about the political nature of major obstacles to a visa-free regime. This article is based on the proceedings of the “Russia and European Union: the dynamics of interrelations” international conference organized by the EU center of the I. Kant Baltic Federal University ...

... is an important issue in the history of world economy, including the economy of Latvia. Transit makes a significant contribution to the budget of many transit countries, one of which is the Republic of Latvia. These countries do not have significant natural resources and prefer to focus on logistics and infrastructure in order to facilitate the transit process. This article focuses on the role of transit in the economy of Latvia, whose unique geographical position makes the country an effective transport ...

... be/european-review-of-energymarket/EREM_9-_Comment_Jorge_Vasconcelos. pdf (accessed 17 January 2013). 6. Antimonopol'naja politika: Evropejskaja Komissija podtverzhdaet provedenie proverok bez preduprezhdenija v kompanijah gazovogo sektora [Competition policy: Commission confirms unannounced inspections in the natural gas sector companies], 2011, Delegation of the European Union to Russia, 28 September, available at: http://eeas. europa. eu/delegations/russia/press_corner/all_news/news/2011/20110929_ru. htm (accessed 19 January 2013). Ispolinov Alexei, Dvenadtsatova ...

.... se/SITE/events/Documents/2 — Jurgis Vilemas — LAS. pdf (accessed 24 March 2013). 6. Electricity balance sheet, years, Statistics Estonia, available at: http://www.stat. ee/34180 (accessed 24 March 2013). 7. Annual Report on Electricity and Natural Gas Markets of the Republic of Lithuania to the European Commission, 2012, Vilnius, p. 95, available at:http://www. energy-regulators. eu/portal/page/portal/EER_HOME/EER_ PUBLICATIONS/NATIONAL_REPORTS/National%20Reporting%202012/NR_En/C12_NR_Lithuania-EN_v2....

... social and cultural integrity of the region and considers the traditional Nordic countries and the Baltic Sea states as interrelated components of a single region, different from other European regions in terms of economic interests, as well as its natural and sociocultural landscape. 1. Witte, S. Yu. 1960, Vospominanija [Memoirs], Мoscow, Vol. 2, p. 122—123. 2. Karlbek, H. 2002, Russkoe v Shvecii i shvedskoe v Rossii [Russian in Sweden and Swedish in Russia], Materialy rossijsko-shvedskoj ...

... determining the situation, as well as the results of actions aimed at its targeted alteration. Monitoring helps not only to promptly identify threats, but also to detect the opportunities for developing the situation in the desired directions within the “natural” trends of its dynamics. The situational approach to the monitoring of regional and urban development presented in the article was implemented in the development of the Strategy for the Socioeconomic Development of the City of Moscow until 2015 ...

... Federal'naja celevaja programma razvitija obrazovanija na 2006—2010 gg. [The federal target program for the development of education in 2006—2010 years.] 35. Federov, К. N. 1983, Fizicheskaja priroda i struktura okeanicheskih frontov [The physical nature and structure of oceanic fronts], Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 296 p. 36. Chinapah, V., Lefsted, Ya.-I., Weiler, G. 1990, Razvitie ljudskih resursov i planirovanie obrazovanija [Human resource development and education planning], Perspektivy. Voprosy ...

This article considers the structure of research system in Germany. It describes the federal and state levels of research management. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) bears primary responsibility for science and technology policy at the federal level. At the state level, this responsible is shared by the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Economy. The author emphasizes the role of the National Academy of Sciences “Leopoldina”, whose principal objective is to...

This article addresses the role of innovative centres in the development of surrounding areas beyond large cities. At the same time, the innovative development of rural areas should be of a composite nature; municipality development strategies take innovations into account. International practices serve as a an argument in favour of establishing innovative centres in smaller and medium-sized towns in order to facilitate the socioeconomic development ...

... approaches and actions of the Baltic region states in the field of sustainable development of rural territories. The article identifies objectives, common for the Baltic region, relating to sustainability of rural territories, including sustainable use of natural resource potential, diversification of production through support for non-agricultural activities and employment, application of innovations and efficient technologies, and manufacturing of environmentally friendly products. The analysis of the ...

... Fetisov, G. G., Oreshin, V. P. 2007, Regional'naja jekonomika i upravlenie [Regional Economics and Management], Moscow, INFRA-M. 8. Kanapukhin, P. A. 2006, Jekonomicheskie interesy: suwnost' i realizacija v tranzitivnoj jekonomike [Economic interests: the nature and implementation of a transitive economy], Voronezh, Izd-vo Voronezh. gos. un-ta. 9. Klimova, N. V. 2009, Modeli sochetanija interesov vlasti i malogo biznesa (regional'nyj aspekt) [Model combining the interests of government and small business ...

... historiographical aspects of the Vilnius issue as an international problem. The author analyses the origins of the Polish-Lithuanian conflict, the role of the struggle for Vilnius in the general context of the Polish-Lithuanian confrontation, and the origin and nature of Lithuanian nationalism. The article also examines historiographical perspectives on the seizure of Vilnius by the troops of the Polish general, L. Żeligowsky, and the international consequences of the violation of the Suwałki Agreement. The ...

... izuchenie territorialnyh system [Geographical study of territorial systems], Vol. 2, Perm, Perm State University, p.103—107. 4. Isachenko, A. G. 2008. Landshaftnaja struktura Zemli, rasselenie, prirodopolzovanie [Landscape structure of the Earth, moving, nature], St. Petersburg, St.Petersburg University Press. 5. Kaledin, N. V. 1996. Politicheskaja geografija [Political geography], St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Press. 6. Karabuschenko, P. L. 2009, Elity i jetnokonflikty v geopoliticheskom ...

... 2006, Europe's Energy Portal, available at: http://www.energy.eu/directives/2006_03_08_gp_document_en.pdf (accessed 17 October 2011). 4. Mitrova, Т. 2005, Analiz faktorov riska rossijskogo jeksporta prirodnogo gaza [Analysis of risk factors of Russian natural gas exports], The Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, available at: http://www.eriras.ru/papers/2005/risks. pdf (accessed 02 October 2011). 5. Matteotti, S., Nartova, О. 2010, Novye trebovanija k inostrannym operatoram ...

... September 2011). 6. Gagliardi, F. 2008, Institutions and economic change: A critical survey of the new institu-tional approaches and empirical evidence, The Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol. 37(1), p. 416—430. 7. Hargroves, K., Smith M. (ed). 2005, The Natural Advantage of Nations: Business Opportunities, Innovation and Governance in the 21st Century. 8. Lackol,M. 2006, Tax Rates with Corruption: Labour-market Effects, Discussion papers MT-DP — 2006/4, 1—40, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy ...

This article focuses on opportunities for studying cultural landscapes in the Kaliningrad region and offers methodology for it. The author outlines types of the information required: genetic types of natural landscapes, spatial settlement and land use features, and the network components of the landscapes environment. 1. Berg, L. S. 1915. Izv. RGO, Part. 51, Vyp. 9, pp. 463—475. 2. Vedenin, Ju. A. Kuleshova, M. E. 2001. Izv. RAN, Ser. geogr.,№ ...

The territories of Vistula and Curonian lagoons, centrally located in the cross-border region, have numerous remarkable nature sites as well as monuments of history and culture. The article analyses the internal and external factors affecting the development of the Russian segment of the transborder "Southeastern Baltic" tourism and recreation region. 1. Cybin,...

... geofizika. Part. 50,№ 10, pp. 1104—1118. 8. Elderfield, H. 1988. The oceanic chemistry of the rare-earth elements. Phil.Transactions R. Soc. London A. М.325, pp. 105—126. 9. Elderfield, H., Greaves. M. J. 1982. The rare earth elements in seawater. Nature.London. V. 296, pp. 214—219. 10. Fee, J. A., Gaudette, H. E. et al. 1992. Rare earth element distribution in the Lake Tyrrell groundwaters, Victoria, Australia. In: W. B. Lyons [et al.] The Geochemistry of Acid Groundwater Systems. Chem. Geol....

This paper focuses on the impact of certain factors on the contemporary distribution of natural (226Ra, 232Th, 40К) and anthropogenic (137Cs, 60Co) radionuclides in the sediments of the Baltic Sea. The results of the study suggest that the distribution of 137Cs is determined by the content of hydromica of silty-clay and clay grain-size ...

This paper contains test results revealing norm and stress reactions of various life-form plants: trees — Betula pendula Roth, Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Pinus sylvetris L; water-plant -Galium palustre L.; grass — Solidago Canadensis; cereal — Secale cereal L. Collection and processing of the material was made in the area of Berlin/Brandenburg, Germany. Clark sensor-based method made it possible to determine the amount and rate of the oxygen evolution by plants in the dark and light phase. Under the...

... development of biosphere processes. On the basis of the biogeochemical approach to the biosphere evolution, the authors could identify the principal stages of its development from the ancient times to the modern epoch and refute the postulate of Leibniz (‘nature makes no leaps’). 1. Vernadskij, V. I. 1926. Biosfera. Leningrad. 2. Demidenko, Je. S. 2006. Formirovanie metaobwestva i postbiosfernoj zemnoj zhizni. Moskow. 3. Zhirmunskij, A. V., Kuz'min, V. I. 1990. Kriticheskie urovni v razvitii prirodnyh ...