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This article stresses the need to use a mathematical model of the space of mental images in psychology, medicine, and other sciences. The author identifies the relation between such space and the space-time of physics. The article shows opportunities for structuring the space and introducing different types of metrics within it. 1. Брагина Н. Н., Доброхотова Т. А. Функциональные асимметрии человека.2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М., 1988. 2. Глазунов Ю. Т. Вариационные методы. М. ; Ижевск, 2006. 3. Osgood...

The poetic texts of M. Voloshin help consider the metaphorical use of mineralogical lexis as a means of light and colour perception. The author identifies the features of semantic and aesthetic realization of these lexemes and stresses their representative function within the structure of poetic images. 1. Бранский В. П. Искусство и философия: Роль философии в формировании и восприятии художественного произведения на примере истории живописи. Калининград, 2000. 2. Волошин М. А. Лики творчества...

This article aims to give a theoretical and methodological, as well as empirical justification of the conceptual framework of formation of professional culture in future lawyers in the context of its increasing quality. The problem of professional culture of a lawyer was analyzed within the three contexts: theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of professional culture; problem aspects from the perspective of practitioners of law enforcement authorities; the image of professional culture...

V. Vysotsky’s poetry is typologically close to the principles of the “rough style” Soviet painting of the 1960s. The author outlines the promising areas of comparative analysis and addresses the issue of typological similarities between different texts within the field of a common cultural and historical situation of the Khrushchev era. 1. Бобриков А. Суровый стиль: мобилизация и культурная революция // Художественный журнал. 2003. № 51/52 : [сайт]. URL: http://xz.gif.ru/numbers/51-52/surovo (дата...

This article considers the prerequisites for the development of methodologies of teaching basic swimming skills to different student groups in the historical aspect predominantly on the basis of Russian materials. The author describes the trends in the organisation of training in the period of development of this area of swimming within the activity of progressive people and swimming experts. 1. Плавание : учебник для ин-тов физ. культуры / под ред. Н. Ж. Булгаковой.М., 1984. 2. Козлов А. В. Плавание...

This article is devoted to the little-studied pedagogical problem of correcting higher university students’ knowledge. The authors offer a definition of the concept of “knowledge correction” and identify its essence, objectives, orientation, structure, functions and results within the training process. Тhe article considers the system of knowledge correction methods, including personalized knowledge correction tests. The authors focus on the interrelation between didactic control and knowledge correction...

On the basis of diagnostics performed, this article discusses the problem areas of health behavior in children, teenagers, and young adults stydying within the educational system. 1.    Кучма В.   Р., Сухарева С.   М. Состояние здоровья современных детей и под­ростков и формирование здорового образа жизни // XVI съезд педиатров Рос­сии: матер. съезда. М., 2009. С. 324—326. 2.    Охрана здоровья и образование: институциональный подход / под ред. И.   Н. Симаевой. Калининград. 2010. Ч. 1;...

This article considers the connection between social competence and a phenomenon determining its formation, namely, socialization. The author de-scribes the features of social environment, within which the socialization of rural schoolchildren takes place, and demonstrates the influence of rural socialization agents on the development of social competence deficiencies in rural schoolchildren. The article offers a criterion of the rural schoolchildren training quality. 1.  Альтернативная занятость...

The article considers the enhancement of advertising slogan efficiency taking in account the peculiarities of left and right cerebral hemispheres activities. 1.  Иванов Вяч. Вс. Чет и нечет. Асимметрия мозга и знаковых систем. М ., 1978. 2.  Джексон   Дж .  Х . О природе двойственности мозга . М ., 1984. 3.  Wittgenstein L . Philosophical Investigations / translated by G. E. M. Ans­com­be. Cambridge , 1953. 4.  Якобсон Р. Избранные работы. М., 1985. 5.  Петренко В.   Ф. Введение в экспериментальную...

This article identifies the specific features of processes of exploration and development of classical pedagogical heritage on the basis of history of development of A. S. Makarenko's heritage as a social pedagogue-reformer in the context of description of social pedagogical initiative and formal pedagogy. The author emphasises the parallelism of the two factors, their non-linear and cyclic character, interdependence and interaction within the processes of exploration and development of A. S. Makarenko’s...

The article considers the problems of "common-law marriage" and analyses the history of common-law marriage in Russia, publications of American researchers and presents the data of authors’ research on male perception of common-law marriage. 1.  Андреева Т.   В. Психология современной семьи: монография. СПб., 2005. 2.  Андреева Т.   В., Шмотченко Ю.   А. Отношение к браку и семье сотрудников ох­ранных структур // Психологические проблемы российской семьи: матер. всерос. науч. конф...

... Fielder L . Love and Death in the American Novel . N. Y., 1992. 3. Clark D.   L . Charles Brockden Brown: Pioneer Voice Of America . Durham , 1952. 4. Cowie A . The Rise of the American Novel. N. Y., 1951. 5. Brown C.   B . Ormond, or The Secret Witness. N. Y., 1799. 6.  Brow n C.   B . Alcuin, Dialogue. N. Y., 1982. 7.  Wollstonecraft M . A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. L., 1992. 8.  Lavater J.   C . Essayas on Psysiognomy // Massachusets Magazine. 1794. Janua­ry. 9.  Langhorne,...

This article is an attempt to systematise the distinctive features of irony depending on the style of the text. The multifunctional character of irony is shown on concrete examples from the books of contemporary German authors. 1.  Шлегель Ф . Эстетика. Философия. Критика: в 2 т. М., 1983. Т. 1. 2.  Пивоев В.   М . Ирония как феномен культуры. Петрозаводск, 2000. 3.  Эко У . Заметки на полях Имени Розы // Эко У. Имя Розы. М., 1987. 4.  Эпштейн М . Ирония стиля: демоническое в образе России у Гоголя...

This article is dedicated to the topical issue of development of international contact culture. The main feature of the article is the emphasis on the need to develop etnocultural tolerance as a value cornerstone of the consciousness of nations and to implement it within the framework of traditional pedagogical methods and techniques. 1.  Булынин А.   М., Громова Е.   М. Развитие культуры межнациональ­ных отношений педагогов (ценностный аспект). Ульяновск, 2006. 2.  Булынин А.   М. Эволюция ценностей...

This article considers the concept of a US University as a centre for education and research, which includes the mechanism of generation and distribution of knowledge, as well as innovation implementation within joint research programmes with commercial enterprises. 1. Atkinson R. The future of the Research University. URL: http://www.ucop.edu/ pres/comments/rufuture.html 2. Bonnen J. Land Grant Universities are Changing. URL: http://www.adec.edu/ clemon/ 3. Engines of Economic Growth...

The article provides an overview of the existing theories of categorization and their critical analysis categorization is a basic cognitive process, providing a basis for a variety of cognitive activities. The author tracks down the evolution of different theories of categorization and their interpretation. 1.  Борисов В.   Н. О смысле категории усия в философии Аристотеля . URL: http://filosof. historic. ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000199/index. html. 2.  Демьянков В.   З. Теория прототипов в семантике...

This article presents the results of empirical studies into the emotional disadaptation of young men and women of 17—21 years of age and its relation to their psychosomatic health level. 1. Антропов Ю.   Ф., Шевченко Ю.   С. Лечение детей с психосоматическими рас­стройствами. СПб., 2002. 2. Войцех В., Семикин Г . Симпозиум «Российская молодежь: в будущее без риска». [Электронный ресурс]. URL : http.fzr.ru/231.html 3. Гордиенко А.   В., Пятибрат Е.   Д., Ледовская А.   А. Взаимосвязь...

This article focuses on the results of health behavior diagnostics among children, teenagers and young adults studying within the educational system, as well as the role of the social institution of education in the healthcare of rising generation. 1. Атлас здоровья в Европе: всемирная организация здравоохранения. Ев­ропейское региональное бюро. М., 2004. 2. Журавлева И.   В. Здоровье подростков: социологический анализ. М., 2002. 3. Симаева И.   Н., Алимпиева А.   В. Охрана здоровья и образование:...

The article examines how well the history of consular and diplomatic relations between Russia and Australia is studied in the historiography of both countries. A brief review of the contacts established between Australia and Russia since the beginning of the 19th century has been carried out. The authors also present the works of Russian and Australian authors, who touch upon the issues of political relations between the two states. It is noted that in Russian historiography there are a few meaningful...

... visitors (Emanuel Lask­er) and local residents (Paul Saladin Leonhardt) appeared in Königsberg. Leonhardt became probably the main figure representing East Prussia at national and international tournaments after the First World War. The years of Nazism witnessed persecution of local chess players of Jewish origin in Königsberg. Chess life of the city itself remained provincial. The chess history of Königsberg ceased with the Red Army storming the city in 1945. Among the participants of the storming ...

The article analyses how the terms “memory wars” / “memorial wars” are applied in the contemporary research papers on conflicts of collective perceptions of the past. The author shows that in the late 1990s and early 2000s the concept was not yet associated exclusively with the political sphere, within which different social groups were producing historical narratives, but in the 2000s and 2010s modern understanding of the phrase “memory wars” was already established and since then it has become...

Due to the rapid criminalization of credit relations and the widespread theft of bank loans, committed mainly by groups of fraudsters, the forensic sci­ence faces a serious problem of developing an effective method for investigat­ing crimes of this nature. The method must include recommendations for identifying signs of complicity, defining the group of people involved in the theft, their arrest and proof of guilt. At the same time, the research of this kind is impossible without the study of typical...

The principles of law are considered within the positivist legal understanding as the normatively fixed fundamental concept of each industry. The general legal principles enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation are thought to directly apply both in codified and uncodified industries, regardless of whether they are duplicated in industry legislation or not. The article highlights a number of problems related to the allocation of the principles of uncodified branches of law. Firstly...

Ignacy Jan Paderewski was born in the Russian Empire, for many years he was working for the glory of the world-famous composer and pianist, and during the World War I he suddenly plunged headlong into politics, becoming one of the “founding fathers” of the Polish state, which revived in 1918. The article attempts to identify Paderewski's views on the borders and foreign policy of Poland, to assess his contribution to the process of restoring its independence. The views and activities of Paderewski...

The focus of the article, written within the framework of the imagological approach, is the reconstruction of the image of Russia in France during the years of the Restoration. The article is based on the analysis of the views of the famous French diplomat and politician Abbé D. de Pradt (1759–1837). The relationship between the image of Russia in France and the current political situation is revealed by the example of the journalistic works of Abbé de Pradt. The article sees Russophobia as a mechanism...

Having analyzed the unpublished archival materials (minutes of general collective farm meetings, meetings of the collective farm board, meetings of members of the Communist Party), the article examines the reasons for the lack of motivation and low productivity of peasant labor in the collective farms. The study of rural everyday life is carried out within the framework of a micro-historical approach on the example of the collective farm "Bolshevik" of the Pravdinsky district of the Kaliningrad...

The article analyzes the preventive function of the notary, defines the concept and place of the notary in the Russian legal system and among the bodies of civil jurisdiction, reveals the issues of notarial mediation, makes some proposals for improving the legislation. The notary, as an institution of preventive justice, carries out pre-trial resolution of conflicts, ensures the rule of law and plays a huge role in the successful resolution of disputes without going to court, thereby facilitating...

The demand for the Internet generates the need to study legal issues related to it. One of these issues is the classification of subjects interacting within the global network. The purpose of this scientific research is to identify the grounds for such a classification, its justification and further development. The author relied on formal legal, comparative legal, and general logical methods of scientific research, subsequently worked out a classification of subjects based on functional division...

The article reflects the results of a study of large Russian cities (with a population of more than 100 thousand people, as well as smaller cities with the status of regional capitals), emphasizing two strategically important groups: coastal centers and cities of the Western borderlands of Russia. Hav­ing applied economic-statistical analysis for 6 indicators (average salaries and per capita measures of the number of organizations and enterprises, retail trade turnover and public catering, commissioning...

Preparation for the World War I at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries challenged various national financial systems. The German Empire faced this challenge, so its finances bad to be regularly strengthened in order to cover all the mass military needs. After O. v. Bismarck’s resignation, the positions of the chancellor were held by politicians who did not have any background in economics and finance: L. v. Caprivi, H. Hohenlohe-Schillingsfuerst. The problem was passed then to new Head of the German...

... former Polish prisoner of the Nazi concen­tration camp Auschwitz Stanislaw Dubiel (1910—?), who between 1942 and 1944 worked as a gardener at the villa of the Auschwitz commandant Rudolf Höss, and subsequently became one of the main prosecution witnesses at his trial. The trial took place in Warsaw in March 1947 and lasted 18 days. In addition to Dubiel, other Poles — former Auschwitz prisoners testified there, but Dubiel’s testimony was the most complete and contained many important details....

... acquired new features that reflected particular features of the new social and economic structure. The author identifies certain features of organized crime at different stages of the Soviet society. In particular, it is shown that the new economic policy witnessed new forms of organized criminal activity, identical to the Soviet type. It is also noted that this very period registered a certain interaction between individual representatives of the authorities, in particular, control bodies, and so-called ...

The international disaster relief represents one of actively developing are­as of interstate cooperation, both at universal, and the regional level. It repre­sents one of sustainable development goals of the UN (UN SDGs). This arti­cle sees its purpose in the analysis of activity of the international organiza­tions in disaster prevention, development of idea on what the global mecha­nism of such prevention is about, and the role of the international organiza­tions. The research used comparative,...

The paper considers methodological aspects of profiling as an unconventional technique studied by criminology and focuses on the main fields used by profiling abroad and in Russia. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological base with which it is possible to use profiling as a searching technique in forensic science. The study analyses similarities and differences between the compilation of a criminal’s psychological portrait and profiling. Based on comparative and retrospective analyses...

The article examines the course and outcome of the operations of the 1st Russian Army during the second stage of the East Prussian offensive in Au­gust 1914. The author used the example of an infantry division to analyse its combat operations in the battles in East Prussia and its disbandment follow­ing the operation. The failure of the Russian invasion to Germany at the be­ginning of the First World War led to the disbandment of two divisions that could not withstand the severity of the defeat....

The geography of modern innovation processes increasingly covers not only megalopolises and large industrial cities, but also rural areas. The issue of innovative development of the countryside has acquired particular prominence in the context of securing human capital and preventing the marginalization of rural settlements, though creating a favorable environment for life and business in particular. At the initial stage, the innovation of rural areas is associated with the diffusion and implementation...

The problem of the American Civil War participants’ place in family rela­tions is frequently raised by scholars specializing in the cultural and social history of the conflict. Despite this fact, the dynamics of economic relation­ships between the Federal servicemen on the front and their relatives lacks proper attention. This article aims to define the types of the Union troops’ par­ticipation in the household economy. For this purpose, their letters and diary entries were analyzed in both formal...

... the new lands, administrative and legal unification, and deep integration. It is shown that upon the admission of Grand Duchy of Lithuania lands into the Russian Empire some basic economic and sociocul­tural institutions were retained, which bears witness to the preservation of singular elements of the institutional matrix of the disin­teg­rated society even during its passage through a bifurcation point. 1. Дюргейм Э. Социология. Ее предмет, метод, предназначение....

There is an increasing need for the assessment of urban development rates in the world. In modern Russia, this need is reaffirmed by the transfor­mation of regional economies, the economic acceleration of many major cities, and by the active introduction of strategic management tools (KPI, etc.). The article anal­yses the current indexes and rankings of urban development. The author ex­plored the main methodological approaches to the assessment of the rate of urban development. One of the topical...

Improving the quality of crime investigation is tightly linked with im­proving the quality of evidence gathering. The nature of the witness testimony requires further improvement of the forensic support to the process of evidence obtaining. The purpose of the study was determined by the need to consider the tactical possibilities of obtaining objective testimony from witnesses. While ...

The study focuses on the empirical test of the grid/group model applied to the actual perception of the environmental risks by the local community (the case of the potassium mine development in the village of Nivenskoe, the Kali­ningrad region). It tests to what extent the structure of the theoretically con­structed cultural types (hierarchist, egalitarian, individualist, fatalist) being reproduced within the structure of the cultural preferences of the local com­munities. Different scales are being...

For Russian rural areas, the level of transport accessibility is increasingly a decisive factor in socio-economic development. Since this process has long been self-regulated and secondary among the tasks of regional development, today not all opportunities to improve transport accessibility in remote rural areas are fully or partially used. Taking into account the specific nature of the settlement pattern of the region, this research topic is of certain interest for the Kaliningrad Region to be...

The article reflects the results of constructing an ideal synchronization model of regional economic reproduction subcycles. Achieving coherence through the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation is viewed to be the means of overcoming geo-economic instability. The study models the phase conjugation of information and innovation subcycle with the produc­tion and investment one, organizational one and human capital dynamics. Based on logical imitation modeling, the research identifies...

The article studies the development of Russian-language school education in independent Latvia from 1992 to 2020, as well as the process of reforming this system by official authorities. At the time of declaration of independence and withdrawal from the USSR, a bilingual education system which was formed in Latvia, made it possible to get education at all levels (from kinder­garten to technical school and university) in both Latvian and Russian lan­guages. The rise to power in the 1990s. nationalist...

The article develops an ‘ideal city’ theme and focuses on the relationships of its statics and dynamics in a mobile local-global context. The author offers the defini­tions of these two notions under historical and modern conditions, and determines the specificity of the ‘ideal city’ as a complex socio-biotechnical system both dependent on the scale of it (local, na­tional, global) and its posi­tion within the dynamic global whole. Then, the ideal city notion is analyzed in two aspects: as a channel...

In 2017-2018, the historical community commemorated the centenary anniversaries of revolutions that took place at the end of the First World War. Although the revolutionary events in Russia attract greater attention, the German revolution of November 1918 is of no less interest. In this article, I set out to highlight the situation of the German ruling elite on the eve of the war. The absence of bright personalities among the country's political estab­lishment, on the one hand, and the lack of unity...

Studying the features of research by political science into internal migra­tion requires a reassessment of theoretical ideas about the essence of this social phenomenon, which are offered by other paradigms. This way, it becomes pos­sible to consider internal migration as a significant social determinant. In an­alysing theoretical and methodological approaches, I determine the scope of their applicability in political science. I conclude that the features of research into internal migration depend...

The article focuses on the issue of cultural organizations performance measurement. The author explains the benefits of applying a non-parametric “Data Envelopment Analysis” that is based on comparison of input and output indicators, to performance measurement of cultural organizations. Using statistical data on Russian federal theatres, the author empirically tests their performance that relates to such aspects as organization’s reputation, artistic excellence, maximization of access to cultural...

In this article, I analyse a concept proposed within German legal science, namely that of the responsibility of legal positivism for promoting National Socialism in the 20th century. An analysis of relevant works by German and Russian legal scholars has shown that the concept rests on false premises and the ideas of positivism had no influence on the criminal National Socialist regime. 1. Дельфинов А. В МВД ФРГ и ГДР было больше бывших нацистов, чем предполагалось // Deutsche Welle. 2015. URL: ...

The region's mechanical engineering contributes most to the rapid and efficient transition from the previous to the subsequent technological level and it was chosen as the object of the current research. The authors identify technological safety within more general scope of national security typology. The article reflects on the empirical data on the scale of mechanical engineering development in industrialized countries. The analysis of import flows of the North-Western subjects of the RF revealed...