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The author explores separate aspects of the genesis of testimony. Obtain­ing reliable testimony from witnesses is the main objecting of this research. The author reflects on the latest developments in science, which expand a range of methods used for studying human psyche and personality as a source of information about the crime event. Based on the ...

The authors explore incentive mechanisms of stimulating private investment as it is reflected in the law on the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the Kaliningrad region. Statistics accumulated during the validity period of the law, allows the author to analyze the situation and to draw conclusions about the specificity and the main results of the SEZ mechanisms. The aim of this research is to identify patterns of investment activity in the Kaliningrad SEZ and assess the impact of the zonal fiscal mechanism...

The problem if interaction between the international financial law (IFL) and the EU law has become particularly vital in this integrational entity where a special legal system was created. It has been developing until now and carries the features of the both international and municipal law. Global financial crisis and subsequent sovereign debt crisis have substantially changed global financial architecture and led to a comprehensive reform of the financial branch in the EU. The author implementing...

The article presents a comparison of innovation development in Russia and Europe regarding it as a system of training specialists in the facilitation and commercialization of innovations. Building on the analysis of various approaches, the author proposes to strengthen the influence of the education system on the innovative development of regions using various methods, the key one being the so-called start-up training. The author analyses the experience of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University...

The article attempts to analyse the socio-cultural significance of transport development in the USSR within the framework of ‘visual turn’ in social sciences and the humanities. The author uses family photo archives of the 1950s—1980s, presented in the "People's Album", a digital project of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, to explore the role of the public, company and personal transport in the life of the Soviet people. 1. Gatejel L. The Wheels of Desire. Automobility Discourses...

The majority of EU member states, for which the excessive budget deficit procedure was introduced in 2009, managed to eliminate the deficit of their national budgets in September 2017. The EU started a reform of its subsidiary legislation in 2011 and introduced significant changes to the excessive budget deficit procedure. The article analyses the stages of the excessive budget deficit procedure, particularly those having new and much tougher requirements. The author describes the degree to which...

The article examines the main problems of regulating public relations in the organization of automobile passenger transport as well as contractual obligations of parties ensuring the performance of passenger transportation services within the framework of the civil law. The organization of automobile passenger transportation is described in the subject matter of the service contract. The author concludes that there is a need for further specification of the subject of contracts on the organization...

Archeological research, which started back in 1990s, made it possible to single out a separate group of settlements on the Vistula Lagoon shore — Waldburg-type monuments. Taking into consideration the distinctive cultural features of the complex, and its early dating, we can safely assume the existence of a protophase in the course of Primorskaya Culture development, which hypothetically took place between 3100—2900 BC. Globular Amphorae Culture and Sub-Neolithic Cultures could have influenced the...

This article describes the major issues in studying the gender aspects of the First World War in modern historiography. Major topics of studies include women on the battlefield and on the home front, gender-specific propa¬ganda, and the crisis of masculinity. The author argues that the explanation of history of societies during and after WWI is incomplete without taking into account the gender aspects. 1. Асташов А. Б. Русский фронт в 1914 — начале 1917 года: военный опыт и современность. М., 2014...

This article analyses Robert Merton’s and Thomas Kuhn’s approaches to the concept of paradigm. Whereas Merton identifies the function of a paradigm in analysing data obtained within a social study, Kuhn considers a paradigm as a key notion at a certain stage of the development of science – that of normal science. It is stressed that, despite differences in approaches, the theories do not contradict but rather complement each other. 1. Mamedov A. K., Rybakova V. V. Scientific problem as a factor...

This article analyses human capital of young public and political figures in modern Russian society. Based on the methodology of resource approach and the methods of modern statistics, the author identifies three groups of young public and political figures: political leaders, political activists, and social activists, which makes it possible to demonstrate differentiation within this category. The results of an online survey of the participants of the Seliger-2013 national youth forum (N = 439)...

This article focuses on the political processes in the countries of Eurasian continent against the background of Eurasian integration. The author describes the steps of the integration process. The article compares assessments of Eurasian integration given by scholars and political scientists from different countries. The author considers the features of different stages of Eurasian integration in view of the processes of political competition and consolidation within the Eurasian space. 1. Алияров...

Within a polemic with B. Willems's article, the author analyses the size of civilian population of Königsberg remaining in the city during the siege of 1945. The article considers approaches of Soviet and German command to evaluating the role of civilians in defending the fortress during the siege. 1. Вик М. Закат Кёнигсберга: Свидетельство немецкого еврея. СПб. ; Потсдам, 2004. 2. Виллемс Б. Между соучастником и жертвой: опыт гражданского населения при осаде крепости Кёнигсберг в 1945 г. // Вестник...

This article considers the problems of securing competitive advantages of an organisation in a dynamic environment and focuses on the key methodological approaches to studying the strategic potential of an organisation (SPO). Special attention is paid to the resource approach and the concept of dynamic capabilities, as well as the features of non-profit organisations' SPO. 1. Барни Дж. Б. Может ли ресурсная концепция принести пользу исследованиям в области стратегического управления? — Да // Российский...

This article considers the tactics of examining the victim, suspect, and witnesses and the on-site verification of testimony in cases related to crimes against public officers based on the criminal cases studied by the author. 1. Волчецкая Т. С., Осипова Е. В., Киселев Д. Г. Структура ...

This article discusses the problem of organizing the movement of secondary resource flows in the system of reverse logistics flows. Traditionally, Consumption is considered the point of origin for all types of reverse flows, however, the question remains unanswered as to whether the secondary resource flows should be distinguished within them. This problem requires solution for the proper organisation of recycling processes. 1. Pollock W. K. Using Reverse Logistics to Enhance Customer Service and...

This article justifies the use of economic dynamics principles in the process of modelling the existing system of household waste accumulation. The authors identify a number of factors relating to the tendency of various organisational manifestations to stable equilibrium of the process of accumulating household waste in containers. The model is based on the linear proportion of changes in parameters describing the quantity of household waste accumulated within one cycle.

This article identifies the role of ontology in the system model of argumentation (SMA). Since the term ‘ontology’ is rarely used in argumentation studies and the context of its usage is rather unconventional, there is a need to define the notion of ontology within SMA. The method for studying argumentation in SMA is that of modelling, the second important step is analysing the role of ontology in argumentation modelling. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Системная модель аргументации // Трансцендентальная антропология...

The article considers the connection between ethics, in particular Kant’s practical philosophy, and economics. The author examines historical reasons for Kant’s ethic not to have become part of the economic discourse and interprets modern business processes from Kant’s perspective. The article aims to demonstrate the possibilities of applying the philosophical instruments of Kant’s morals to concrete economic issues. 1. Автономов В. С. Абстракция — мать порядка? (историко-методологические рассуждения...

The article deals with the phenomenon of idealism in 18th century European science. The author focuses on the methods and images of constructing a philosophical model that Kant borrowed from his predecessors. The status of existence of the external world in the space of Berkeley’s philosophy and its influence on Kant’s system are analysed as one of the key issues of idealism. The author seeks to familiarize the reader with the contentious issues relating to the problem of identity of Berkeley’s and...

The article studies issues relating to the employment of expert systems in the management process. The authors describe the application of activity theory in organisational interrelations. The possibility of considering activity theory as a basis for understanding the essence of management interrelations is analysed. The authors examine the social context of activity theory within he changes in the processes of management interrelations. 1. Леонтьев А. Н. Деятельность. Сознание. Личность. М., 2005...

This article examines the features of Constitution Democratic Party formation and the activities of party members within the student community. Based on documents introduced into scientific use, the structure, social composition, and activities of metropolitan student groups of the Constitutional Democratic Party are analysed. 1. Балтовский Л. В. Политическая доктрина конституционных демократов.СПб., 2009. 2. Баранов А. Н. Интеллигенция и конституционно-демократическая партия накануне и в период...

This article presents an approach to developing a comprehensive model of demand for agricultural produce in the Kaliningrad region within the re-search problem of ensuring regional food security. The comprehensive model includes the regulatory and statistical patterns of consumption and a model of demand for resources among agricultural manufacturers. The article presents the results of statistical modelling and a forecast of regional consumer demand based on a survey of Kaliningraders held in October...

This article analyses the factors that strengthened the influence of the Christian right movement in the USA in the 1990s. The author considers the organizational changes and ideological transformation within the movement and its effect on the political process in this period. The article identifies the problems facing the Christian Right movement in its attempt to devise political tactics in the mid-1990s. The author pays special attention to the question of the interaction between the Christian...

This article considers the application of witness personality doctrine when investigating crimes against public officials. The cases of crimes against employees of correctional facilities help describe the features of different categories of witnesses and propose tactics of interrogating witnesses ...

This article considers the problems of studying the strategic potential of organisations in the modern conditions. The authors analyse the methods of allowing for the uncertainty factor within the programming solution development procedures. 1. Друкер П. Ф. Задачи менеджмента в XXI веке / пер. с англ. М., 2004. 2. Нельсон Р., Уинтер С. Эволюционная теория экономических изменений. М., 2002. 3. Обен Ж.-П. Нелинейный анализ и его экономические приложения. М., 1988. 4. Чуйкин А., Блёх Ю. Анализ...

This article analyzes the notion of ontology in computer science and contemporary argumentation theories. It introduces the notion of ontology into the system model of argumentation (SMA) in view of the specific features of the latter. The author analyses the role of ontology in building an argumentation model within SMA. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Системная модель аргументации // Трансцендентальная антропология и логика. Калининград, 2000. С. 137—160. 2. Брюшинкин В. Н. Обобщенная системная модель аргументации...

This article argues that the globalisation of markets and the transition to the information society requires the management of modern organisations to develop new solutions and approaches to management. The development of network society suggests a transition to management in the conditions of growing market turbulence and interdependence of market actors. Therefore, the ability of managers to align the diverse interests of stakeholders — groups, organizations, and individuals that affect or may...

Every science uses the concepts, in which the knowledge accumulated by it is concentrated. The methodology of economic logistics is a general theoretical approach to studying material and related flows in economic systems that based on a special understanding of reality within a certain philosophical framework. As science, logistics applies the laws of organization of elements into a functional whole as a result of the practices of logistic structure formation. Alongside general laws, the system...

This article explores the parallels between the Lithuanian movements for national independence in 1917—1920 and 1988—1991 as analyzed in the Anglo-American historiography of the first half of the 1990s. Such scholars as A. Lieven and other authors characterize some main similarities and differences between those movements. These scholars emphasize the ambiguity of the Soviet experience, as well as the internal conflicts within the Lithuanian political elite and demonstrate the productivity of the...

This article focuses on the specific features of N. O. Lossky’s interpretation of certain logical themes. The author shows that it is determined by the ideal-realistic position of the thinker. “Intuitionistic” logic is presented as a philosophical interpretation of traditional logic in the framework of ideal-realistic teaching. N. O. Lossky relates the rationality of thinking to logic. The article reconstructs certain features of rationality in N. O. Lossky’s philosophical-logical concept. 1. Ермичев...

This article emphasizes the need to develop methodologies through applying valid economic knowledge within research approaches used in writing final and PhD theses in order to apply this knowledge in the development of entrepreneurship in the context of model approaches. The proposed methodological approach in the field of economic education contributes to the training of highly qualified specialists in economics. 1. Бродель Ф. Материальная цивилизация, экономика и капитализм, XV—XVIII вв...

The article describes the major legal acts regulating the transition to budget planning through the program-target method, offers an analysis of the general features of planning the federal and Kaliningrad regional budgets through this method, considers the concepts of investment, budgetary investment, and the procedure of its realization within the regional budget, and describes the requirements for investment projects, as well as the problems of assessing efficient financing of budgetary investments...

This article explores the possibility of using the methods of public-private partnership (PPP) in integration processes, including those at a regional level.The author offers a typology of PPP projects and models of cooperation between business and authorities with regard to integration. The article describes specific practices of implementing PPP projects within foreign economic activity and attraction of foreign investors. The author formulates the priority tasks of developing interaction between...

Today, the fishing industry of the Kaliningrad region is experiencing depression. The reduction in the fleet as a result of its depreciation resulted in a decrease in catch and production, as well as income and profitability. The funds of enterprises are insufficient for vessel construction, thus they cannot develop at the moment without public support. 1. Крайний А. От океана до пруда. Итоги работы отрасли в 2011 году и задачи на 2012 г. // Рыбное хозяйство. 2012. № 2. С. 18—24. 2. Кухоренко...

This article shows that the opposition between formal and dialectical logic first emerged within Hegel’s dialectical logic. The article shows that in the framework of the division of time into «now» and «not now», the incorrect formal logical description of dialectical opposition disappears. The author comes to a generalised conclusion: the rejection of language description of dialectical opposition as a true conjunctive proposition of the A ¬A type marks the end of opposition between formal and...

This article focuses on the interpretation of Kant’s political philosophy given by V. Gerhardt within his “existential liberalism” and by J. Habermas in the applied part of his communicative theory. The author addresses similarity and complementarity in the identification of political agent and its properties. 1. Кант И. К вечному миру // Соч. : в 6 т. М., 1966. Т. 6. С. 257—347. 2. Кант И. Предполагаемое начало человеческой истории // Избр. : в 3 т.Калининград, 1998. Т. 2 : К вечному миру...

The article deals with the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania as a result of inter-elite struggles in post-Soviet period of different power groups. 1. Estonian Human Development Report. Baltic Way(s) of Human Development: Twenty Years On. 2010/2011. Eesti Koostöö Kogu. Tallinn. 2011. 2. Geddes B. Initiation of New Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin America // A. Lijphart & C.H. Waisman (eds.). Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America...

This paper examines the activity of small enterprises in the Kaliningrad region using the example of furniture industry. The author identifies the factors affecting their development in a special economic zone 1.  Малое предпринимательство в Калининградской области: стат. сб. / Тер­риториальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Ка­лининградской области. Калининград,   2005 — 2010. 2.  Мебельный рынок в России 2008 — 2010: общие показатели и прогноз. URL: http://www...

The authors suggest differentiating between integral and industrial zoning. Correspondingly, regions (integral regions) and industrial regions are distinguished within a state. The interaction of several states results in the emergence of transnational regions, while the development of mutual connections between international regions brings to the formation of transboundary regions. Regions, including international (transboundary and transnational) ones have a certain hierarchy but, unlike national...

Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the relations within the USA-USSRChina triangle had strong influence on the whole system of international relations. The turnaround in Russian-Chinese relations from sharp confrontation in the Soviet era to current rapprochement, which started to take shape after the collapse of the Soviet Union, became a significant factor in world politics. The gradual strengthening of ties between Beijing and Moscow stood out against the background...

On the basis of the resource approach to analysing the mechanism of the formation and application of competitive advantages of organisation, this article stresses the need for the examination of the category of the "strategic potential of an organisation. The author considers the ability of the management of organisation to cooperate at the international level, or the international cooperation capability (ICA), in the framework of a more advanced version of the resource approach — the dynamic...

This article considers the institutional aspects of discrete investment choice at the regional level through the example of the SEZ in the Kaliningrad region. The authors analysed the changes of the institution of SEZ throughout the latter's existence as well as the conditions of the economic agent activity within the SEZ. With the help of the Devereaux, Griffith model (1999, 2003), which describes the interconnections between the corporate taxation and discrete investment choice, the authors empirically...

The theoretical and methodological approaches to forecasting political processes are considered. The relevance of forecasting knowledge for contemporary political management and designing is grounded. The methods and implements for forecasting are evaluated not only within the context of the forecast function of political science but also as a means to cognize political reality. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and approaches are compared; the constraints of political forecasting...

This article considers particular problems of cooperation on criminal matters in the European Union using the example of the European Arrest Warrant and European Evidence Warrant. 1.  Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, consolidated version // Offi­cial Journal. C 115. 9.5.2008. 2.  Presidency Conclusions, Tampere European Council 15 and 16 October 1999. URL : http :// presidency . finland . fi / doc / liite / treconen . rtf (дата обращения: 26.09.2011). 3.  Programme of measures...

This article considers two approaches to studying social phenomena — the naturalistic approach, which was formed within the natural scientific tradition, and the action-oriented approach, which was developed by the Russian methodological school. The author assesses the role of organization and system categories in the framework of these approaches as well as their applicability in finding the alternatives of institutional transformations of Russian economy. 1.  Нуреев Р.   М. Экономика развития:...

This article suggests that, in many interesting cases when considering the given reference domain, one has to deal with a system of formalisms rather than a single formalism. It is argued that these systems are integrated through isomorphic embeddings of their elements into each other. The article considers some alternative notions of formalism and the definitions of isomorphic embeddings corresponding to them. A number of new results concerning their interrelations are presented without proofs...

The article provides data on the present-day species composition of Sphagna in the Wittgirrensky peatland (the territory of the Carbon Polygon “Rossyanka”, Slavsk District, Kaliningrad Region). The authors found 8 species of Sphagnum mostly growing in hydrophilic habitats at the bottom of drainage ditches and flooded depressions on the outskirts of the peatland, while the major part of the peatland shows unfavorable environmental conditions for the development of Sphagnum. The situation may well...

The article considers the issues of the transport system evolution in the modern territory of the Russian-Belarusian border area. Transport is noted for its special role in regional development and its contribution to the develop­ment of interregional ties, the formation of cross-border regions. The transport net­work forms a certain infrastructure in the regions, thanks to it con­nec­tivity and integrity are achieved. The development of the transport system ref­lects the main stages of the development...

Women are the core population group responsible for new HIV infections and the persistence of the HIV pandemic. A key determinant of susceptibility to HIV infection is the composition of the vaginal microbiome, which can influence the local immune cell population and inflammation status. While a low diversity microbial composition dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with a reduced risk of HIV infection, a high microbial diversity environment associated with bacterial vaginosis increases...