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... politicheskih jelit v sovremennoj Pol'she: nekotorye predvaritel'nye suzhdenija [Recruitment of the political elite in contemporary Poland: some preliminary judgments], Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 12. Politicheskie nauki [Vestnik of Moscow State University. Series 12. Political science], no. 6, p. 48—55. 7. Richard, А., Wnuk-Lipiński, E. 2002, Istochniki politicheskoj stabil'nosti i nestabil'nosti v Pol'she [Sources of political stability and instability in Poland], Sociologicheskie ...

... structure, and the legal modalities. The identification of these three aspects for assessing the evolution of EU — Russia energy relations is the novelty in the author’s approach. This study aims to identify the previous stages and assess the current state of EU — Russia energy dialogue, since they set out conditions for energy cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. This research is based on a political and legal analysis of various documents and employs various international relations theories (including ...

... the Baltic Sea region], Balt. reg., no. 3(13), p. 59—72. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-3-4. 11. O nauke i gosudarstvennoj nauchno-tehnicheskoj politike (s izmenenijami i dopolnenijami) (Federal'nyj zakon ot 23 avgusta 1996 g. N 127-FZ) [On Science and State Science and Technology Policy (as amended) (Federal Law of August 23, 1996 N 127-FZ)], legal-reference system "ConsultantPlus". 12. O povtornoj prolongacii Soglashenija Rossija-ES o sotrudnichestve v oblasti nauki i tehnologij (Rasporjazhenie ...

... Kaliningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2. Borodavkina, N. Yu. 2010, Osobennosti transgranichnogo sotrudnichestva subjektov predprinimatel'stva Kaliningradskoj oblasti [Especially cross-border cooperation of businesses Kaliningrad], Vestnik Immanuel Kant State University of Russia, no. 3, p. 80—89. 3. Ivchenko, V. V. 2008, Setevoe programmirovanie razvitija primorskih regionov Rossii: teorija, metodologija, praktika [Network programming, development of coastal regions of Russia: theory, methodology,...

This article offers a comprehensive definition of international, cross-border, and transnational clusters. The author presents a classification of international clusters of the Baltic Sea states, and identifies cross-border and transnational clusters. The paper considers the features of international clusters in the Baltic Sea region, as well as certain cases of implementation of national and international cluster policy. A comparative ...

... Mirovaja jekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija [World Economy and International Relations], no. 9, p. 40—47. 5. Lexin, V. N., Shevtsov, A. N. 2000, Gosudarstvo i regiony. Teorija i praktika gosudarstvennogo regulirovanija territorial'nogo razvitija [States and regions. The theory and practice of state regulation of territorial development], Moscow. 6. Lexin, V., Shevtsov, V. 1993, Regional'naja politika Rossii: koncepcii, problemy, reshenija [Regional Policy of Russia: concepts, problems, solutions],...

... on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes. Done at Helsinki, 17 March 1992], available at: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/water/pdf/waterconr. pdf (accessed 11 December 2012). 2. Treaty between the United States and Great Britain Relating to Boundary Waters, and Questions Arising between the United States and Canada. Signed at Washington on January 11, 1909 available at: http://bwt.ijc.org/index. php?page=Treaty-Text&hl=eng (accessed 11 December 2012)....

... first attempt at establishing economic relations was made in 1919. However, young Lithuanian Republic gravitated towards the West, severing ties with the Russian market. However, the initiatives of Lithuanian authorities did not result in successful state building, and the economic situation remained unchanged. The USSR leadership made an effort to improve the living conditions in post-war Lithuania. There were some mistakes made in the relations with the local population that resulted in Lithuanians’ ...

... Region, no. 2 (8), p. 43—48. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-2-5, available at: http://journals. kantiana. ru/upload/iblock/ 1ee/Andrei%20P.%20Klemeshev_43—48.pdf (accessed 15 July 2012). 11. Klemeshev, A., Fedorov, G. 2009, Baltic Studies at the I. Kant State University of Russia, Baltic Region, no 1, p. 95—103. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2009-1-11, available at: http://journals. kantiana. ru/upload/iblock/107/Klemeshev%20A.,%20Fedorov%20 %20G. pdf (accessed 5 August 2012). 12. Markusova, V. А. 2003, ...

... developing the country’s oil and gas industry. The author concludes that Norway made significant scientific and technological progress through promoting active cooperation with foreign companies. Norway’s successful experience could be applied by Russian state authorities in order to develop relations with foreign oil companies. These companies could take part in offshore exploration in the Russian sector of the Barents Sea through concluding similar agreements between Russian state institutions, and ...

... the EU, which made it possible to compar the data. The article presents the result of the application of this methodology based on a comparative evaluation of the scientific and technological potential of Russia (Northwestern federal district) and EU states of the Baltic region. The experimental check suggests that the methodology be further improved for future clustering of Russian and EU regions according to the level of their innovative development. 1. Avdulov, A. N., Kulkin, А. М. Pokazateli ...

.... 2011: Stat. Sb. [Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2011: Statistical Collection], 2011, Мoscow, Rosstat, 859 p. 11. Sergeev, V. M., Alekseenkova, E. S. 2008, Stanovlenie gosudarstva i modeli innovacionnogo razvitija [evelopment of the State and the model of innovative development], Informacionnyj portal Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo instituta mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij MID Rossii [Information portal of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations of Russia], available at: http://www....

... on the condition of rural economy. Special attention is paid to the analysis of concepts, programmes, and projects in the field of rural territory development. The authors summarise conceptual and strategic approaches and actions of the Baltic region states in the field of sustainable development of rural territories. The article identifies objectives, common for the Baltic region, relating to sustainability of rural territories, including sustainable use of natural resource potential, diversification ...

... strany [Capital of the country], available at: http://kapital-rus.ru/articles/article/180465 (accessed 24 May 2012). 2. Regiony Rossii. Social'no-jeconomicheskie pokazateli. 2011 [Regions of Russia.Socio-economic indicators. 2011], 2011, Moscow, Federal State Statistics. 3. Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki Rossii, 2012 [Federal State Statistics of Russia, 2012], available at: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat/rosstatsite/main/ (accessed 01 May 2012). 4. Fond obschestvennogo mneniya ...

... formation of territorial structure of economies of the Rhine basin countries. The research and practical significance of the work lies in the identification of the periods of increased activity in the formation of spatial structural communications of the states mentioned. The author applies the historical-descriptive approach and cartographical-geographical modelling to identify the main stages of this process. The author arrives at the following conclusions. The beginning of the formation of spatial ...

This article focuses on the battle career of the Russian general, Ye. F. Kern, who dedicated sixty years to the service of the country. General Kern participated in most wars and military campaigns the Russian state was involved in in the last quarter of the 18th-the first quarter of the 19th centuries. Despite being a contemporary and often a companion-in-arms to outstanding Russian public and military officers, he could not secure a dominant position on the ...

... ir kovų pradzia, Cleveland. 26. Grodis, A. 2008, Lietuvos politinių partijų į Lenkiją 1920—1926 metais: nuo modus vivendi paieškų iki nuolatinės konfrontacijos, Lietuvos istorijos studijos, no. 2, p. 37—57. 27. Rauch, G. 1987, The Baltic States: The years of independence. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, 1917—1940, London. 28. Cesarz, Zb. K. 1993, Polska a Liga Narodów: kwestie terytorialne w latach 1920—1925: studium prawno-polityczne, Wrocław. 29. Čepėnas, P. 1986, Naujųjų laikų ...

... economy. This work identifies the problems of the research and technological potential development of the region, as well as a low level of development of the innovative activity in the Kaliningrad region in general and compared to the Baltic Sea region states. The authors also focus on the prerequisites for the development of research and technological cooperation between the Kaliningrad region and the Baltic Sea region countries. Special attention is paid to the opportunities for the creation of innovative ...

Nowadays, one of the principal dimensions in attraction of the world economy structures is coastal territories as spaces where marine potential of a state is most pronounced. In this respect, it is vital to set the priorities of development of coastal zones taking into account the changes in the strategic situation in order to maintain the components of marine potential of the Russian Federation at ...

... foreign economic relations are still more important for them. As a result, the integration of Russian business in the Baltic part of the European integration area is still rather weak despite Russia’s considerable foreign direct investment in the Baltic States. 1. Burnaeva, E. M. 2007, Finljandija: tendencii zarubezhnogo investirovanija [Finland: trends of foreign investment], Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], no. 7, p. 30—39. 2. Volkov, A....

Both the official (state and diplomatic) and business protocols are frequently used in Europe; in Russia, it has become a focus of attention in recent years. Thus, there arises a need of training specialists in protocol. However, this aspect has not been tackled effectively ...

... between European countries. The main results are as follows. The crisis in several EU countries is associated with a complex of causes that deplete the platform for multilateral cooperation in Europe. To a lesser extent, the crisis has affected the states that are actively involved in cross-border cooperation projects. The formation of European regions is closely related to the industrial development of their regions. The Post-Soviet space requires a redistribution of the overcentralized power. ...

... the Russian Federation. The Kaliningrad region plays a significant role in the development of partnership between the two countries, but the existing opportunities for development are not fully exploited. This article analyses the development, current state and prospects of an increasing role of the region in Russian-German cooperation. The authors emphasize the role of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University as one of the leaders in the development of research and cultural links with German universities ...

... Country Interests and Refugee Rights, Leiden, Martinus Nihoff Publishers. 5. Council of the European Union. 1997, Decision of 30 October 1997 on the Conclusion of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities and its Member States, on the one part, and the Russian Federation, on the other part, OJ L, no. 327, 28 November 1997. 6. Council of the European Union. 1999, Common strategy of the European Union on Russia, Brussels, 4 June 1999, 1999/414/CFSP, OJ L/157. 7. Council ...

... 2010, Upravljaemye innovacii [Managed innovation], Rossijskaja gazeta [Russian newspaper], 20 Oct., p. 6. 7. Leksin, V. N., Shvetsov, А. N. 2002, Gosudarstvo i region. Teorija i praktika gosudarstvennogo regulirovanija territorial'nogo razvitija [State and region. The theory and practice of state regulation of territorial development], Moscow. 8. Polterovich, V. 2009, Gipoteza ob innovacionnoj pauze i strategija modernizacii [Innovation pause hypothesis and modernization strategy], Voprosy ekonomiki ...

This article analyses the principal complex of economic and political motivations of the states of Central and Eastern Europe and the EU members related to the EU enlargement towards the East. Special attention is paid to the discussion on the reasonableness of the EU enlargement and the positions of certain EU members. 1. Borchardt K.-D....

... imejuwim detej», 15 janvarja 2009, № 187-O-O [Defining Constitutional Court "On the refusal to deal with complaints of Grau zhdanina Konstantin Markin a violation of his constitutional rights in Articles 13 and 15 of the Federal Law" On State benefits to citizens with children ", articles 10 and 11 of the Federal Law" On the Status of Servicemen ", Article 32 of the Regulations on military service and items 35 and 44 provisions on the appointment and payment of state benefits ...

... explorer of German origin, Otto Schmidt, — OSL — on the premises of AARI, the Russian-German education project — the Applied polar and marine studies master's programme (POMOR) — implemented by the Russian and German partners at Saint Petersburg State University, and the Laptev Sea system research programme bringing together around 20 Russian and German organisations. Dmitriyev Vasily, Kaledin Nikolai, Kassens Heidemarie, Kakhro Nadezhda, Troyan Vladimir, Fyodorova Irina 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-1-1 ...

This article examines the evolution and current state of the Northern Dimension policy and its role in Russia-EU relations. The authors analyse the discrepancy between the actual achievements of the Northern Dimension and its potential and the over-high expectations, which accompanied the policy renewal....

This article analyses the problems of the state voluntary repatriation programme and describes its key functions and implementation mechanisms. The author identifies the causes of deceleration in the repatriation process as well as the weak points of the Programme and the ways to improve it. ...

The article assesses the efficiency of the state’s system of education through a wide variety of objective factors (the state and availability of infrastructure, budget, training and retraining, etc.) and subjective (psychosocial) assessments and visions of the education system (satisfaction ...

This article analyzes the internationalization of universities, taking part in international cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic region. The case analysis focuses on the experience of Murmansk State Technical University in the Barents Cross-Border University international project implemented together with Murmansk State Pedagogical University, the oldest university in the region, specializing in the Humanities. 1.      Larionova, M. ...

... innovative features of teaching international relations in the Baltic Sea Region at the graduate level, taking as an example the double degree program in international relations of the Finnish-Russian Cross-Border University, set up by the St. Petersburg State University and the University of Tampere the article also evaluates specific features of other similar programs taught in universities around the Baltic Sea. 1.      Kuzmin, Ju. S., Novikova, I. N. 2005. Novejshaja istorija malyh i srednih ...

This article analyses the current state of the power system of the Kaliningrad region and gives recommendations regarding the increase in energy efficiency. The author considers the prospects of its development taking into account the possible accession of the Baltic States to the UCTE....

... authorities aimed at the development of the Kaliningrad region did not meet the expectations. The region can be considered as depressed; it is characterised by the instability of the socioeconomic situation. The main reason for the reduced efficiency of state activity is the attempt to apply standard mechanisms of governmental regional development regulation that neglect the unique nature of this Russian territory: its enclave/exclave status, the settling history of the region, the dependence on external ...

... Иванов испугал Латвию // Бизнес & Балтия. 2008. № 127 (3498). 2.  Журнал «Балтийский курс». URL : www . baltic - course . com / Mezhevich Nikolay 10.5922/2079-8555-2009-1-9 75-78 Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Russian-Baltic relations, Russian cargo transit, ports of the Baltic States.

The ‘pragmatics of language’ is a set of pragmatic means of a particular language, the meanings of which not only change the world, but also themselves change in the framework of discourse. At the same time, ‘linguistic pragmatics’ is a branch of linguistics that examines linguistic units from the point of view of their use. The ‘pragmatic turn’ of the 1970s in lin­guistics meant an interest in using language as an action in which words acquire their ac­tual mea­nings, sometimes radically different...

..., reducing the body’s adaptive capacity. This leads to an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation, manifested in increased activity of stress-related mechanisms. urbanized environment, adaptation level, psycho-emotional state, indices of vegetative and central regulation, integral index 70-78 10.5922/vestniknat-2026-1-5

The analysis of multidimensional raw data on the state of aquatic ecosystems often requires the use of modern analytical tools capable of identifying hidden patterns. The purpose of this study is to analyze long-term water quality monitoring data for the Pregolya River (Kaliningrad) in order to identify ...

... region and a critical analysis of the contributions of Russian linguists, the study seeks to re-evaluate and update key issues concerning Kashubian as a Slavic microlanguage and the Kashubians as a microethnos. Particular attention is paid to the current state of Kashubian studies and to the present ethnolinguistic situation of the re­gion. The findings presented in the article contribute to a more nuanced understanding of Ka­shubian linguistic and cultural dynamics and are intended as a substantive ...

Based on some of the states of Sergey Zenkin’s article, I describe the relationship between affect and symbol. Affect has two sides — cognitive and non-cognitive. The latter manifests itself in unconscious reactions. Conscious affect is regulated by the communicative ...

... approaches to the concept of infor­mation sovereignty are outlined, along with key cybersecurity challenges facing Russia in the context of global threats, as well as the importance of developing indigenous technologies and infrastructure to maintain the state’s digital sovereignty. The contemporary legislative and institutional framework of cybersecurity in the Russian Federation is examined, including doctrinal documents and laws aimed at protecting critical information infrastructure and strengthening ...

... segment of monarchist circles, Nicholas II was regarded as an official held responsible for military failures and internal problems in the country. Dissa­tisfaction on the part of this group with the emperor’s actions and with the situation in the state ultimately found expression in the participation of V. V. Shulgin and A. I. Guchkov in organizing the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne. Nicholas II, the First World War, the monarchists, the political crisis of 1916 79-90 10.5922/vestnikhum-2025-4-7

Based on a review of the contemporary state family policy of the Russian Federation re­garding the formation of family values, the article presents specific proposals for its improve­ment, using Saint Petersburg as a case study. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehen­sive approach ...

... to reconstruct the life history of V. M. Lermontov against the background of Soviet reality. The main sources include docu­ments from his personal (pension) file, including an application addressed to the editor-in-chief of the publications of the State Literary Museum V. D. Bonch-Bruevich; a petition by V. D. Bonch-Bruevich addressed to the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR V. M. Molotov; a biography of V. M. Lermontov; a personal personnel record sheet; a mandate of the ...

... commented translation of a short but substantive correspondence of 1923 between Kusling, Chief Inspector of the dams of the Memel Delta, R. I. Detlefsen, Conservator of His­torical and Cultural Monuments of East Prussia, and W. Sch?nichen, Director of the State Commission for the Protection of Natural Monuments in Prussia, is published. The corre­spondence discusses the need to protect an untouched area of wilderness in the north-west of East Prussia, which received the unofficial name “Staldzen Switzerland....

The current state of the digitalization of criminal procedure is examined, and an attempt is made to assess the prospects for its further development in the context of the use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence. Specific proposals for reforming criminal ...

The state of the macrozoobenthos of the Curonian Lagoon of the Baltic Sea under complete ice cover during the hydrological winter was examined based on data from 2010 and 2011. No information on the under-ice benthos of the lagoon has been previously published....