2009 Issue №9

The article deals with the questions of the current legislative budget process of local autonomies in the Russian Federation and Italy. The current
budget process of an Italian autonomy is characterized by the growing role of municipal taxes and overall decline in public transfers. In the Russian Federation, municipal budgets depend crucially on the mechanism of federal and municipal tax redistribution at this stage of municipal reform. The author comes to the conclusion that legal innovations in the field of the tax base of local autonomies in Russia follow the pattern of the Italian local autonomy reform.

The article analyses the acute problems of the observance of rights to personal liberty and immunity, provided by the Article 5 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the light of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of the Russian Federation.

The article considers some questions of civil and criminal executive legislation in terms of enforced collection of the debtor’s property rights, their subsequent realisation, and possibility of using some types of property right as objects of claim.

The article analyses some legal regulation problems concerning the disposition of property, assigned to them, by state and municipal unitary enterprises, including the current tendency towards the limitation of unitary enterprises’ authority in this field, which is reflected in the Law on Competition Protection.

The article considers civil problems of payment by bank cards and analyses the existing legal base. The author suggests methods of improving the legislation regulating payments by bank cards.