The author discusses negative influence of globalization processes on world economy, presents global geopolitical and geo-economic trends in the context of system of challenges for Russia.
The authors consider peculiarities and methodological approaches to scientific maintenance of a branch taking as an example the agriculture of the Kaliningrad region being the exclave region of Russia.
The problem of definition of the regional aims and purposes is revealed on the basis of economic theories of growth and development. The author puts forward the concept of the strategic purposes of region which is constructed on hierarchy and coalition principles.