2025 Issue №3

Seasonal and spatial variations in the content of biogenic elements (mineral forms of ni­trogen and phosphorus) are presented for the estuarine system of the Pregolya River (Kali­ningrad Sea Canal, Kaliningrad Bay) and the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea in 2024. Their seasonal dynamics were characterized by maxima during the high-water period. Minima were observed in spring and summer during water “blooming” against the background of intense water warming. Spatial distribution was characterized by the highest nitrogen and phospho­rus concentrations in the estuarine zone, where the Pregolya River inflow occurs. Episodic pollution exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations for ammonium and nitrite ni­trogen was recorded in the eastern section of the Kaliningrad Sea Canal, including the area near the Kaliningrad wastewater treatment plant outlets. In winter, concentrations of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus corresponded to a potentially hypertrophic level according to the classification for the Baltic Sea waters, which manifests in the high biological productivity of the Pregolya estuarine system. An increase in phosphorus during summer under low nitro­gen concentrations creates conditions for the development of cyanobacteria and water “bloom­ing.” The inflow of biogenic substances through the marine strait increases their concentra­tions in the coastal zone and contributes to the eutrophication of this part of the Baltic Sea.

Currently, there are several classifications of climate in geographical science, developed by different authors, both domestic and foreign. Each classification has its own principles for distinguishing climatic belts and climate types. Such principles include temperature and hu­midity characteristics, dynamics of the general circulation of the atmosphere, landscape and geo­graphic features of the land, etc. Two classifications of climates — B. P. Alisov’s and V. P. Köp­pen’s, which were developed and supplemented back in the last century — are wide­ly spread in domestic science. In modern literature, different types of climate corresponding to different classifications are often indicated for the same locality. Such an example is Magadan, for which not only different climatic belts but also climate types are mentioned. Thus, in sci­entific and educational literature there are mentions of subarctic and temperate climatic belts, as well as different types (kinds) of climate, namely: maritime, monsoon, continental with wet cold indicators. The analysis and assessment of the main climatic variables and prevailing winds allowed to specify the type of climate of Magadan, which corresponds to the temperate monsoon climate. The study, conducted in comparison with other cities typical for different types of climate, confirmed these results.