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• The linguistic representation of subjective time in Florian Illies’s novel Generation Golf zwei

  This article is based on the postulate that there are objective and subjective forms of time. I consider means to explicate subjective time in literature, using the novel Generation Golf zwei by the contemporary German author, Florian Illies. In this autobiographical novel, Illies goes heavy on self-irony to draw a psychological portrait of his generation, which he calls the ‘golf ...

• Time in Sergey Trubetskoy’s and Boris Chicherin’s metaphysical concepts: A discussion on Kant

  ... used in both exact physical calculations and natural-philosophical descriptions. Loyal to classical metaphysical traditions, Trubetskoy placed emphasis on the role of the subject, stressing that ‘there is no object (phenomenon) beyond the perceiving subject’ and that time (in a purely metaphysical sense) is possible only as a form of sensory perception of phenomena. At the same time, Trubetskoy argued that, due to the sobornost of consciousness, the subject is not an individual person but the humanity as a community ...

• The concept of time in the late poetical cycles of R. M. Rilke and B. Pasternak: back to mythological sources

  ... : [сайт]. URL: http://lit.lib.ru/s/slobodkina_o/forwarddoc.shtml (дата обращения: 20.12.2011). Malevanaya-Mitardzhyan D. category of literary time, concept of time, historical (linear) time, mythological (cyclic) time, personal (subjective) time. 133-136

• Subjective modality as a way of expressing author’s intentions in the first printed Russian newspaper “Vedomosti” of the times of Peter the Great

  The article examines the potential of the subjective modality as a tool to implement the author’s intentions in the texts of the first Russian printed newspaper «The Vedomosti». The article reveals a significant role of the subjective-modal meanings built over the objective modality through ...

• Kant über Sein und Zeit und Denken und Sein. Selbsterkenntnis durch Selbstaffektion

  ... judging “I think” by conferring on this act the specific logical, categorical form, 2. intuits this act under the temporal form of successively using “I ...” as subject and “… think” as predicate, 3. identifies him-/herself — at the same time — with the subject logically structuring this act as well as with the subject intuiting the successively existing subject of this judging act, and 4. recognises him-/herself as identical in these two different cognitive roles. By this very analysis Kant shows that ...

• Reception of Kant’s Epistemological Ideas in Fyodor Golubinsky’s Metaphysics

  ... Rus.) Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kornilov, S. V., 2016. Towards the Comprehension of the Infinite: the Believers’ Mind F. A. Golubinsky. Space and Time, 1-2 (23-24), pp. 63-72. (In Rus.) Kotsyuba, V. I., 2013. Lectures by Archpriest Fyodor Golubinsky as a Subject of Historical and Philosophical Analysis]. St. Tikhon’s University Review. Series I: Theology. Philosophy. Religious Studies, 5 (49), pp. 43-59. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2008. Tetens, Kant i diskussiya o metafizike v Germanii vtoroj poloviny ...

• Reflections on the history of the Kaliningrad region

  ... of West Russia: The Kaliningrad Region’, a secondary school discipline taught since 2006, presents an interesting case. The subject of the Kaliningrad regional history has no single definition since it is a matter of politics rather than historiography.... ... the uniqueness of the region’s geographical position and history. The region’s history was used extensively in the Soviet time for political and ideological purposes. The current confrontation between Russia and the West lends new urgency to the problem ...

• Kantian Philosophy and ‘Linguistic Kantianism’

  ... of the medium assigns the role of an “active” element neither to the external world nor to the faculties of the cognising subject, but to something in between — language, in the case of “linguistic Kantianism.” I conclude that the expression ... ... Philosophy of Language? Tijdschrift voor Filosofie, 74(3), pp. 485-511. 8. Gale, R., 1963. Some Metaphysical Statements about Time. The Journal of Philosophy, 60(9), pp. 225-237. 9. Hamann, J. G., 1995. Metacritique of the Purism of Reason. In: G. G. Dickson,...

• The concept “people” in the modern European political thought: Hobbes, Spinoza, Pufendorf

  ... Sovremennoi Zhizni [Grammar of the Set. To the Analysis of Forms of Modern Life]. Moscow (in Russ.). Magun, A. V., 2011. Edinstvo i Odinochestvo. Kurs Politicheskoi Filosofii Novogo Vremeni [Unity and Loneliness. The Course of Political Philosophy of New Time]. Moscow (in Russ.). Marey, A. V., 2019. Populus: the Birth, Death and Resurrection of the Political Subject (from Cicero to Hobbes). Sotsiologiya vlasti [Sociology of Power], 31 (4), pp. 95—111 (in Russ.). Hardt, M. and Negri, A., 2006. Mnozhestvo: Voina i Demokratiya v Epokhu Imperii [Scores: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire]. Moscow (in Russ....

• Filling the space between two opposite parties: Edward Stanleyand a centre party

  ... sources and recent historical studies, the author identifies the causes of the failure of this project. These causes were both subjective – for instance, the King’s influence and Stanley’s personality – and objective, i.e the well-timed consolidation ... ... Forgotten Prime Minister: the 14th Earl of Derby. Oxford, 2007. Vol. 1: Ascent, 1799—1851. 8. Inauguration of Lord Stanley // The Times. 1834. 22 Dec. P. 3. 9. Jones W. D. Lord Derby and Victorian conservatism. Oxford, 1956. 10. London, Friday, February 27,...

• The Praed model sentences: meaning and speech functions.

  ... to re­flect the state of a person or the environment, to express the attitude of the subject of speech to the speech situation, to characterize the degree of his con­fidence in the transmitted information. Most often, such sentences are used by the subject of speech to generalize and at the same time emotionally assess the speech situation. The pattern of the sentences expressing different human states is expanded by introducing subjective modifiers into it. The sentences expressing different situational states must include adverbial modifiers....

• Kant’s transcendentalism as a transcendental paradigm of philo¬so¬phiz¬ing

  ... (H. Allison). Whereas classical metaphysics interprets knowledge as a relation between the (empirical) subject and the object, the transcendental metaphysics understands "possible experience”(Erfahrung) as a relation between the transcendental subject (transcendental unity of apperception) and the transcendental object. At the same time, unlike contemplative classical metaphysics, Kant’s transcendentalism is an "experimental" metaphysics, whereas the “transcendental” is defined as a borderline ontological area between the immanent and the transcendent, an “instrumental” ...

• The teacher’s interest as a phenomenon and concept

  This article stresses that the teacher’s interest as a phenomenon is a unity of both the objective, which - being the meaningful component – serves as the focus of attention, and the subjective, which reveals the teacher’s motives for ducation and training activities. As a concept, the teacher’s interest registers their attitude to the important as the objective; at the same time, attitude generates individual, selective, and conscious connections between the teacher and the objective and is generalized in their motives and aims. 1. Вичев В. Мораль и социальная психика. М., 1978. 2. Гессен ...

• The game of Daniel Kehlmann’s novel Measuring the World

  ... relativity of game rules followed by two out-standing scientists – Alexander von Humboldt and Gauss – in their research. The exhaustiveness of the scientists’ multidirectional game strategies is ex-plained by a change in their roles: they turn from subjects of the game into its objects ruled by the Nature, Time, and Chance. The central metaphor of gam-bling defines the composition of the novel and its genre, which can be defined as a postmodernist novel about the incomprehensibility of the nature of gen-ius. 1. Барт Р. От произведения ...

• The concepts of citizenship and estate in Russian history — conti­nuity and / or intermittence

  ... Policy in His­torical Perspective. Problems of Post-Communism, 60 (6), pp. 3—15. Lohr, E., 2006. The Ideal Citizen and Real Subject in Late Imperial Russia. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 7 (2), pp. 173—194. Mann, M., 1987. ... ... Strategies and Citizenship. Sociology, 21 (3), pp. 339—354. Pocock, J. G., 1998. A. The ideal of citizenship since classical times. In: G. Shafir, ed. Citizenship debates: a reader. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. pp 31—42. Weil, P., 2008....

• Action-thoughts and the genesis of time in linguistic semiosis

  ... cardinal temporal categories of present, past, and future are dis­cussed in terms of action-thoughts understood as elementary units of activity whose structure is determined by linguistic semiosis. Husserl’s tripartite model of the phenomenology of time (prime perception, retention, protention) is applied to the analysis of the subject’s experience of his actions. It is demonstrated that, while our lived present is composed of the actually per­formed actions, our past and future are constructed by reflexive action-thoughts in the cogni­tive domain of language. It is emphasized ...

• Kant’s Asynchronicity Concerning Newtonian Space and Gravity in his Pre-Critical Writings

  ... Kant-Studien, 83(4), pp. 399-416. Clarke, S., 1717. A Collection of Papers, Which passed between the late Learned Mr. Leibnitz, and Dr. Clarke, In the Years 1715 and 1716. London. Euler, L., 1802. Letters of Euler to a German Princess, on Different Subjects in Physics and Philosophy. New York: Murray and Highley. Euler, L., 2015. Reflections on Space and Time. In: Euler Archiv [E 149]. Translated by M. Saclolo & P. Wake. [online] Available at: [Accessed 26 August 2019). Fischer, H. -P., 1985. Kant an Euler. Kant-Studien, 76, pp. 214-220. Friedman, M., 1994. Kant and the Exact Science. Cambridge: Harvard ...

• Chrononyms characterisitics in O. Henry’s short story Hearts and Crosses

  ... автореф. дис. … д-ра филол. наук. Тверь, 2009. 20. O. Henry. Hearts and crosses // The complete works of O. Henry. N. Y., 1953. P. 3—11. 21. Traugott E. Subjectification in grammaticalisation // D. Stein, S. Wright (eds.). Subjectivity and subjectivisation: linguistic perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 1995. Kirdeeva A. M. language time, chrononyms, chronopuncture markers, chronometric markers, chronological markers 41-47

• Border functions as a factor of development of border regions and the formation of cross-border regions

  The border as a spatial and socio-cultural phenomenon has been an immediate subject of study for a long time. A convincing reason supporting this statement is the existence of an independent branch of science on borders, "limology" (Latin: limes — Border). For the geographical sciences border is also a traditional subject of study, where the ...

• Kant’s aesthetic theory in the light of H. G. Gadamer’s hermeneutic project

  This article considers H.-G. Gadamer’s hermeneutics in the context of Kant’s aesthetic theory laid down in the Critique of Judgement. Kant facilitated the development of aesthetics as an independent science, for the first time addressing the problem of the cognising and perceiving subject. Gadamer, a prominent 20th century philosopher, builds his aesthetic concept based on Kant’s theory. However, their theories differ in some aspects. This article is an attempt to establish the connection between the two systems. Special attention ...

• The Nature of Appearance in Kant’s Transcendentalism: A Seman- tico-Cognitive Analysis

  ... representation (within us). On the other hand, appearance as an object of empirical intuition mediates the objective thing and its subjective representation. The introduction of the concept of appearance allows Kant to solve the semantic problem of the conformity ... ... the object (KrV, B 235). Thus, appearance cannot be understood ontologically as a physical object or a relation. At the same time, an appearance is not identical to its representation, since the former is an object or content of the latter. Applying G....

• Another Critical Idealism of Hermann Cohen

  ... question as to why one should study Cohen. The author’s first and preliminary answer is that the study of Hermann Cohen’s thought is relevant to contemporary philosophy due to at least five reasons: (1) Cohen’s improvement of critical idealism of subject through replacing it with the idealism of ideas; (2) the exposition of thought as the ethics of law; (3) the development of the notion of anticipation as the principle of time, history, and interpretation; (4) the exposition of critical idealism as a form of idealism that is not violent, totalitarian or reductive, but rather is an idealism aimed at alterity and the other; (5) the role of history and especially the history ...

• Condorcet interpretation of probability’s theory: the use of a mathematical construct to the field of social action

  ... other philosophers of the Enlightenment (Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot), as well as a number of provisions of Kant’s philosophy. Despite the fact that Condorcet was not familiar with Kant’s works, his general ideas on the autonomous subject, their reason and freedom, and history and social progress bear strong similarity to Kant’s views. However, the observed differences are indicative not only of Condorcet having overcome the prejudices of his time, but also of that his version of social, ethical, and political philosophy is alternative to Kant's theory of practical reason, as well as the philosophy of history of the Enlightenment and German rationalism. 1. Althusser, L. 2006, Politique ...

• Factors of self-actualization of student youth in the context of cross-cultural interaction and the mastering of a macro-mediator language

  ... Choice, preference, and constrains // Sociology of educa­tion. 2016. Vol. 89 (4). P. 300—320. 6. Diener E., Tay L. Needs and subjective well-being around the world // Journal of personality and social psychology. 2011. Vol. 101 (2). P. 354—365. 7. Frick ... ... Qualitative Studies in Education. 2012. Vol. 25 (3). P. 251—268. 12. Mitchell K. Educating the national citizen in neoliberal times: from the multi­cultural self to the strategic cosmopolitan // Transactions of the Institute of British geographers. 2003....

• Kant on the rights of citizens in matters of religion: The concept of religious tolerance in the German Enlightenment

  ... to his or her greatness. Moreover, the section covers the problem of the rights and obligations of the monarch and his or her subjects in religious matters. This problem was crucial to the Enlightenment. Kant’s deliberations on the issue include a long ... ... state and different confessions, based on the rules of natural law, which date back to the early Enlightenment. For the first time, it was discussed at length by Christian Thomasius, whose endeavours marked the beginning of the Enlightenment in Germany....

• Concepts of social support: positive and negative effects of social relations in the context of subjective well-being of a human being

  This article describes the basic negative and positive effects of social relations of a person in the context of their subjective well-being on the basis of international publications, which have not been translated into Russian yet and are little ... ... processes or one? // Personal Relationships. 1994.Vol. 1. P. 185—197. 20.   Rook K. S., Pietromonaco P. Close relationships: Times that heal or ties that bind? // Advances in personal relationships / eds. W.   H. Jones, D. Perlman. Vol. 1. Greenwich ...

• Social and Economic Space Compression in Border Areas: the Case of the Northwestern Federal District

  The so-called “compression” of social and economic space has been the subject of quite a few studies in the past decades. There are two principle types of compression: communicative, that is, associated ... ... regional development and its practice of state regulation], Moscow, p. 67—72. 28. Agnew, J. 2001, The new global economy: time — space compression, geopolitics, and global uneven development, Journal of world systems research, YII. 2, p. 133—154....

• The communication of persons: Kant’s theory of marriage law held captive by pagan anthropology

  ... References to the ethical idea of the absolute unity of personality, as well as the accent on “pleasure” as the necessary subjective goal of marital union, which leads the moralist an the philosopher of law upon a false trail, cannot provide a real ... ... two physical persons, but only one moral personality of the family and one legal person; not only a personal and at the same time property-related union, but a personaltranspersonal union. The specific person as an absolute monadical unity is here absolved ...

• Kant in Nikolai Strakhov’s philosophical research (An experience of epistemological orientation)

  ... philosophical studies. The author of the article analyses the materials of Strakhov’s works ‘The key feature of thinking’, ‘On time’, ‘On objectives of history of philosophy’, ‘On key concepts of psychology’, his many years’ correspondence with ... ... Strakhov’s oeuvre. One cannot but agree that Strakhov ‘offers a subtle and in-depth interpretation of Kant’s understanding of the subjectivity of thinking (V. A. Zhuchkov). However, the complexity of historical and philosophical interpretation and analysis ...

• On the problem of interpreting the concept of SPACE in Russian and foreign linguistics

  This article considers the relationship between the TIME and SPACE concepts. The features of modeling space parameters in human cognitive ac-tivities and the universal ways of verbalization ... ... and se-condary space deixis put forward by the German linguist A. Friderici, which presents a system of coordinates giving the subject of cognition the possibility to navigate in the surrounding space. 1. Беседина Н. А. Морфологическая ...

• Psychological aspects of security rituals in higher education institutions

  ... question of examination stress of high school students // Вопросы философии и психологии. 2015. № 3 (5). С. 214—219. 25. Mantorova I. V., Djevathanova D. A. Features of safety values of students with different type of time perspective // European Journal of Psychological Studies. 2016. Vol. (7), Is. 1. С. 22—28. Tylets V., Krasnyanskaya T. safety, security rituals, the principle of security, safety values, psychological meanings, educational space, the subject of education, security selfproviding 103-109

• Aspects of the ‘transcendental’ according to Kant and Husserl: Logos, matheme, metaphor

  ... concepts of critical philosophy and phenomenology as dead metaphors of Ancient Greek philosophy — metaphors that transformed over time into logically preconceived ‘mathemes’. In turn, distinguishing metaphors in the genesis of key univocal terms of critical ... ... History. In: A Study of Husserl’s Transcendental Philosophy, Northwestern, 283 p. 6. Carr, D. 2003, Transcendental and Empirical Subjectivity. The Self in the Transcendental Tradition. In: The New Husserl. A Critical Reader, Ed. by D. Welton, Bloomington,...

• Reframing paroemias of the coronavirus discourse

  ... time-reframing, being one of the main discourse strategies. Modifications of phraseological units are set by the pragmatic goal of the subject of discourse, who, on the one hand, introduces new relevant information into the language, and on the other, is forced ... ....). Issers, O. S., 2012. Lyudi govoryat… Diskursivnye praktiki nashego vremeni. [People say... Discursive practices of our time], Omsk, 276 р. (in Russ.). Kovshova, M. L., 2013. Evaluation of idioms and naive ethics of paremias: the linguoculturological ...

• Translation of new sociological terminology: challenges and solutions

  ... sociological terminology with English equiva­lents]. Moscow (in Russ.). Kravchenko, S., 2000. The Encyclopedic English-Russian Sociological Dictionary. Lewiston, New York. Leichik, V., 2007. Terminovedenie: predmet, metody, struktura [Terminology: subject, methodology, structure]. Vol. 3. Moscow (in Russ.). Lipovetsky, G., 2005. Hypermodern Times. Cambridge. Lubskii, A., 2015. The specificity of sociological discourse in Russia. Sotsial'no-gumanitarnye znaniya [Social and humanitarian knowledge], 9, pp. 128—135 (in Russ.). Maikova, T., 2016. The main criteria for selecting terminological ...

• The vegetative code in Nikolai Kononov’s short story “Ansatasiya’s Amnesia”

  ... English corn makes it possible to progress to the Russian ovyos (oats), which represents this development in different linguistic transformations. It is shown how the description of the vegetative cycle of oats (or the singularity/duality and plurality of subjects) is used to develop a time continuum, i. e. the year circle. The generation mechanism is opposed to the process of fragmentation and the identification of enti-ties and temporal intervals, which results in the instability of their ontological status. Everything becomes fiction....

• Griphonyms as a subject of linguistic research

  ... компьютерных игр в зависимо­сти от глубины локализации и перспективы ее развития в России (на материале компьютерных игр Pokemon, Zanzarah, Fran Bow, Adventure Time Card Wars) // Фундаментальная и прикладная наука : сб. ст. междунар. науч.-практ. конф. : в 2 ч. Ч. 2. Петрозаводск, 2020. С. 210—217. 3. Карточка персонажа ...

• The philosophy of the text as texts of philosophy

  ... philosophy of the text requires a preliminary idea about the ways of the textual presentation of philosophy as such. At the same time, philosophical views per se are difficult to classify and systematize — at best, they are arranged by eras and cultural-ethnic ... ... Humanities]. Moscow: NLO (in Russ.). aphorisms, hermeneutics, comprehension, paremia, parables, projective dic­tio­nary, subject philosophizing, philosophy, philosophical systems, philosophizing Tulchinskii G. L. 7-17 10.5922/2225-5346-2019-4-1

• Kantian motives in logic and philosophy of science. Idea of Unity of a priory and empirical knowledge

  ... Vol. 68. P. 203—217. 20. Friedman M. Dynamics of Reason. Stanford, 2001. 21. Langacker R. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Stanford, 1987. Vol. 1 : Theoretical Prerequisites. 22. Salinas H. Does Your Language Shape How You Think? // The New York Times.2010. 26 Aug. activity of the subject of cognition, apriorism, empiricism, unity of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive process Bazhanov V. A. 18-25 10.5922/0207-6918-2012-3-1

• Kantian motives in logic and philosophy of science. The idea of unity of a priory and empirical elements of cognition

  .... 68. P. 203—217. 20. Friedman M. Dynamics of Reason. Stanford, 2001. 21. Langacker R. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Stanford, 1987. Vol. 1 : Theoretical Prerequisites. 22. Salinas H. Does Your Language Shape How You Think? // The New York Times. 2010. 26 Aug. activity of the subject of cognition, apriorism, empiricism, unity of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive process Bazhanov V. 17-23

• What is Kantian Philosophy of Mathematics? An Overview of Contemporary Studies

  This review of contemporary discussions of Kantian philosophy of mathematics is timed for the publication of the essay Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics. Volume 1: The Critical Philosophy and Its Roots (2020) ... ... philosophy, e. g. the question: What is intuition and singular term? Then I look at more specific questions, e. g.: What is the subject of arithmetic and what is the significance of diagrams in mathematical reasoning? As a result, the reader is presented ...

• Correnpondence of Wladislaw Broniewski and Irena Gelman: historical and cultural context

  ... explores the historical and cultural context as well as the poetic vision of the correspondents. Additionally, these letters bear testimony to their romatic feeling. The authors of the letters knew and appreciated Russian literature, which was one of the subject matters in their letters, and valued both classical Russian literature and the literatrure of the time. In their letters, both Broniewski and Gelman often used Russian words and phrases, which reinforced the context created by these reputable writers. The analysed letters of the 1930s are of particular interest because they contain little known biographical ...

• On the problem of acausal semantic coinciden­ces: the cognitive background of omens

  The authors study the issue of acausal semantic coincidences (synchro­nicity) for the first time as omens of war in the Russian linguocultural tradi­tion. The semiotic structure of omens is shown, and models of transformations ... ... the omens of war, is proved to be real. The omens of war are, in fact, a kind of synchronic coincidences in objective reality, subjected to cognitive reformation in the sub­jective sphere of human mentality. 1. Балашова А. Ф. Природные ...

• Lithuania of the 11th—14th centuries in the works of Russian historians of the 1850—1870s

  ... Lithuania’s past by Russian historians who studied it in the context of history of western Russia rather than as an independent subject. Special attention is paid to the process of formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Lithuanian State of the 14th ... ... Brjanceva «Istorija litovskogo gosudarstva s drevnejshih vremen» [Book Review PD Bryantseva "Lithuanian history from ancient times"], Zhurnal ministerstva narodnogo prosvewenija, May, p. 492—505. 5. Dvornichenko, A. Ju. 2004, Istoriografija Velikogo ...

• The dynamics of the world market of gold and the current geo­political processes. Part 2. The analysis of behaviour patterns of the main gold market participants

  ... introduce a new world order. The au­thor determines the conditions, which allow participants of the world gold market to become subjects of modern geopolitics. 1. Буневич К. Г., Миняева М. В. О некоторых противоречиях ... ... of a new standard: The London fix has been in place for almost a century but critics say the system needs reform // Financial Times. April 14, 2014. URL: https://www.ft.com/content/e31b0f44-b0e5-11e3-bbd4-00144f eab7de #axzz2z9w4p5CN (дата обращения: ...

• The European idea in Central Europe and Scandinavia as a part of the security and peaceful co-existence policy in the framework of the postwar planning

  ... historiography. It is the major contribution of the article to the research on history of ideas and European diplomacy. Moreover, the subject of research is immediately connected to the problem of security in the Baltic region and the Soviet factor, as well as ... ... no. 1, p. 25. 14. Myrdal, A. 1943, Efterkrigsplanering, Mellanfolkligt samarbete, Vol. 13, no. 7, p. 137—138. 15. New York Times, 1943, 22 March, p. 4. 16. Nordens förenta stater, 1942, Stockholm. 17. Pastusiak, L. 1980, Roosevelt a sprawa polska, ...

• The subjects of legal monitoring of Justice of the Peace

  ... study of this type of sources is provided by using interdisciplinary approach. The author finds that travelers’ notes to be sources of considerable value which substantially widens our knowledge about the state and law of Central Asia. At the same time travelers’ notes presume the personalities of authors, their national and professional affiliation therefore their information must be verified by comparing with other sources. 1. Граменицкий Д. Постановления мусульманского ...

• The justification of legal punishment in Kant’s philosophy

  The subject matter of the article is the problem of justification of punishment within Kant’s practical philosophy. Modern interpretations ... ... shown that this statement is crucial and necessary for Kant’s universalist project of justification of right. At the same time, it is shown that it is the universalism of Kant’s practical philosophy that leads to a kind of paradox of punishment: ...