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... unpredictable neighbour” that poses the “threat from the East.” Being more mobile, small countries are able to concentrate power and resources in one or several key areas. This makes it possible for these countries to take advantage of international politics (even if the consequences of such steps are miscalculated) and “feed” on it through — so metimes consciously — creating “conflict nodes” in the relations between major players. This is especially true in the case of states that do ...

... cooperation in the region. Competition and cooperation strategies are often equally viable for the ports in the Eastern Baltic Sea. Yet volatility in global markets, the unstable positions of leading exporters and importers, and changes in the economic and political environment call for new strategies and forms of interaction. This study aims to understand to what extent port authorities in the Eastern Baltic can combine competition and cooperation policies when formulating their vision and handling transit cargoes. The article draws on ...

... gorodah Rossii: strategija modernizacii i modernizacija strategij. Doklady uchastnikov IX Obwerossijskogo Foruma liderov strategicheskogo planirovanija [Strategic planning in the regions and cities of Russia: a strategy of modernization and upgrading strategies. Reports of the IX All-Russia Forum of Strategic Planning Leaders]. St. Petersburg, 18—19 October 2010, St. Petersburg, Leontief Centre, pp. 119—122. 20. Mikhailov, V. N., Dobrovolsky, А. D., Dobroljubov, S. А. 2007, Gidrologija [Hydrology],...

Through a situational approach to strategic management of regional and urban development it is possible to identify the interaction between the managerial process and mechanism; bring together the spatial and activity-related concepts of territorial development; and explain the phenomenon in question from both general and specific perspectives. Territorial development is becoming the principal object of strategic management of a region or city, its key tool being the utilization of its own good practices...

... Moscow. 7. Tishkov, V. A., Shabayev, Yu. P. 2011, Etnopolitologija: politicheskie funkcii etnichnosti [Ethnopolitology: the political functions of ethnicity], Moscow, Moscow University Publishing House. 8. Furman, E. D. 2009, Stanovlenie partijnoj sistemy ... ... adaptacija: kontekstas ir eiga, Vilnius: Socialinių tyrimų institutas, Eugrimas. 12. Kruusvall, J., Vetik, R., Berry, J. 2009, The Strategies of Interethnic adaptation of Estonian Russians, Studies of Transition and Societies, Vol. 1, no. 1. 13. Misiunas,...

... Russian Federation. However, a mechanism for marine planning has yet to be integrated into Russian legislation. The Strategy for the Development of Maritime Activities until 2030 sets the task of developing such mechanism. In this article we address key strategies that can be used in the development of marine planning tools: assessment of applicability of the existing legal framework to water relations; territorial development and strategic planning; and possible distribution of authority between different ...

... motherland and turned into an exclave. Gradually the exclave found itself first at the crossroads of different security structures and later — surrounded by one of them. Changes in the situation gave rise to the so-called Kaliningrad discourse, i. e. political decisions, academic discussions and research, influenced by the internal transformation in the USSR and the Russian Federation (RF) as well as slips in the international policies of Central and Eastern Europe. 1.      Habermas J . The ...

... different approaches to forecasting the future of the three Baltic States. The author’s theoretical approach to studying Baltic elites is used to forecast changes in the action models of the Baltic elites. The article stresses the scarcity of internal political processes in the Baltics. However, a significant number of scenarios focusing on military aspects in the Baltics have recently been published. The author distinguishes between inertia, confrontation, and cooperation scenarios and examines their ...

Regional brands have become a valuable intangible asset and a crucial competitive resource for forging partnerships. An effective place branding policy is impossible without a precise understanding of the interests of stakeholder groups. It is essential to realize that each region is unique in its own way. Territories differ in the structure of stakeholders, their influence on regional development, and the range of leverages over regional decision-makers. This study aims to give a more precise definition...

... Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 2004. № 29. P. 468—484. 12. Contractor F., Lorange P. Cooperative Strategies in International Business. Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books, 1988. 13. Cooke P. Enterprise Support Policies in ... ...,1994. P. 95—112. 21. Gereffi G., Humphrey J., Sturgeon T. The governance of global value chains //Review of International Political Economy. 2005. № 12. P. 78—104. 22. Granovetter M. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness ...

... English lingvocultures. Zhanry rechi [Speech Genres], 2, pp. 119—126 (in Russ.). Lorents, K., 2001. Agressiya [Agression]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Rudneva, E. A., 2019. Strategii lingvisticheskoi vezhlivosti v spontannom rechevom vzaimodeistvii [Strategies of linguistic politeness in spontaneous speech interaction]. Ph. D. Institute of Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russ.). Culpeper, J., 2011. Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge. Lakoff, R. T., 1973. The logic of politeness ...

... organizations, as perceived by the universities in the region and political decision-makers on national and regional levels. Based on the success of the OECD in becoming an influential actor in educational policies, this article discusses different strategies for the regional political organizations to enhance their influence. 1.  Aaviksoo, J. 2002. University Co-operation in the Baltic Sea Region. In: B.   Henningsen. Towards a Knowledge-based Society in the Baltic Sea Region. Berlin, pp. 75—79. 2.  BSPC . Resolution ...

The main goal of this article is to analyse the political risk of Russia with a special emphasis on Kaliningrad. In this study, political risks are assessed using the normative model of macro political risk assessment developed by Alon and Martin in 1998. In this model, political risks are divided ...

The article focuses on the state frontier in European and Russian political cultures as a major instrument for developing trans-border regional cooperation. The term ‘state frontier’ is defined through a prism of regional integration processes. The authors examine the role of trans-border relations between Russia ...

... Explanations for Opposition to Immigration: Distinguishing between Prevalence and Conditional Impact, Am. J. Polit. Sci., no. 57, p. 391—410. 9. Hanson, G. H., Scheve, K. F. Slaughter, M. J. 2007, Public finance and individual preferences over globalization strategies, Economics & Politics, no. 19, p. 1—33. 10. Hainmueller, J., Hiscox, M. 2010, Attitudes Toward Highly Skilled and Low-Skilled Immigration: Evidence from a Survey Experiment, Am. Polit. Sci. Rev., no. 104, p. 61—84. 11. Tingley, D. 2013, Public Finance and Immigration ...

The theoretical and methodological approaches to forecasting political processes are considered. The relevance of forecasting knowledge for contemporary political management and designing is grounded. The methods and implements for forecasting are evaluated not only within the context of the forecast function of ...

Russia has a vested political interest in the Eastern Baltics; yet acting upon this interest is made either difficult or altogether impossible when it comes to the Baltic States. For 20 years, the Russian Federation has been actively promoting a model of mutually beneficial ...

... — and critically reviews a wide body of literature on the problem. It is shown that the exclave position of the Kaliningrad region makes it difficult to justify a long-term strategy of its socio-economic development. Most of the previously developed strategies were based on export and / or import-substitution, proceeding from the advan­tageous geographical position in the coastal zone and the region’s proximity to economically developed countries and Russian regions. Deterioration of polit­ical relations and the weakening of socio-economic ties between Russia and the West diminished chances of implementing this type of strategy. However, the Greater Eurasia project opens up new perspectives for the Kaliningrad region. The new development ...

... economic performance of regions, Regional Studies, Vol. 37, August-October, p. 549—578. 31. Porter, M. E. 1998, Clusters and the New Economics of Competition, Harvard Business Review, November-December, p. 77—90. 32. Wallerstein, I. 1984, The politics of the world economy, Paris, 295 p. Chasovsky V. industry, spatial and industrial changes, transition period, transformation economy, transnational production poles, international integration, economic ‘growth poles’, industrial policy....

The author proves that any image formed within political discourse is, in terms of its meaning, a mental object. It is claimed that, within discourse, the image of politics and the institutional practices of its formation are rather of psychological nature as well as that discourse register affects ...

... RAN, 255 р. doi: https://doi.org/10.20542/978-5-9535-0491-1 . 11. Busygina, I., Filippov, M. 2020, Changing incentives and strategies of national governments in the context of multi-level governance in the European Union, Polis (Russian Federation),... ... (in Russ.) 12. Hooghe, L., Marks, G. 2003, Unraveling the Central State, But How? Types of Multi-Level Governance, American Political Science Review, vol. 97, no. 2, p. 233—243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000649 13. Olenchenko, V. 2019,...

... (in Russ.). 11. Smorodinskaya, N. V., Katukov, D. D. 2017, Dispersed model of production and smart agenda of national economic strategies, Ekonomicheskaya politika, vol. 12, no. 6, p. 72—101. doi: https://doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2017-6-04 (in Russ.... ..., Sturgeon, T. 2014, Explaining governance in global value chains: A modular theory-building effort, Review of International Political Economy, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 195—223. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2013.809596 . 22. Russell, M. G., Smorodinskaya,...

... but encourage convergence of the languages of their leading economies. The main factor behind a language’s popularity is the strength of commodity and labor markets in the country where it is spoken. The authors conclude that close economic and political integration stimulates heterochronous processes in supranational associations. The first is increasing monopolization in the language market of the association and the language markets of its sub-regions. The second is the decrease in monopolization ...

The article describes the process and results of the geopolitical and geoeconomic changes in the Baltic Sea region at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries. The authors assess the political, economic and military potential of individual countries and groups of countries. Ranking the selected countries and grouping them according to the similarity of their characteristics requires a variety of methods — the economic, statistical,...

... Relations between Lithuania and Russia// Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review. 2000. № 2 (6). P. 87—99. 37. Nekrašas E. Kritiniai pamastymai apie Lietuvos užsienio politiką // Politologija.2009. № 2 (54). P. 123—143. 38. Nekrašas E. Lithuanian political system and foreign policy decision making //Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review. 1999. № 4. P. 23—36. 39. Nekrašas E. Užsienio politikos mechanizmas ir jo tobulinimo būdai // Politologija. 1996. № 2. P. 115—137. 40. Plečkaitis V. Lietuvos ...

Cross-border cooperation as a type of interregional interaction is becoming a significant factor in the development of border regions. It can be viewed as a result of intensification of cross-border contacts and greater economic openness of cross-border regions. Thus, the roots of current development are quite easy to pinpoint. However, assessment of the impact of cross-border cooperation on the development of border regions appears to be a research challenge. In this paper, we offer an approach...

... the reform of state institutions. One advantage of the fundamental economic reform approach is that by linking anticorruption strategies to the reform of economic policies and institutions, the struggle against corruption can be seen as one of the issues ... ....In: Dobry, M. (eds), Democratic and Capitalist Transitions in Eastern Europe, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 4. Drazen, A. 2000, Political Economy in Macroeconomics, Princeton, Princeton University Press. 5. Economic expert, available at: http://www.economicexpert....

... bez nauki. Institucional'nyj analiz sfery // Pub­lich­nye lekcii na «Polit. ru». [online] Available at: < http://www.polit. ru/sci­en­ce/2006/03/ 06/ aleksandrov. html > [Accessed 5 July 2010] 2.      Dezhina, I., Kiseleva, V. 2007.... ... Knowledge Economy A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. London. Klemeshev Andrey, Gareev Timur regional strategies, development corridor, geopolitical factor, Kaliningrad region, Baltic region 5-14 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-3-1

... combination of political, social, and economic factors. The ensuing social disunity and violation of the country’s territorial integrity take the problem to a regional and international level. Through analysing public speeches of Danish social and political actors, this article reconstructs key stages in the development of parallel societies in Denmark. Another focus is official government strategies to prevent isolated immigrant areas from turning into ghettoes: the Government’s Strategy against Ghettoisation (2004), Return of the Ghetto to Society: Confronting Parallel Societies in Denmark (2010), and One Denmark without Parallel Societies: ...

... A Critical View / еd. by A. Triandafyllidou. Oxford, 2017. P. 209—233. 19. Dühr S. Baltic Sea, Danube and Macro-Regional Strategies: A Model for Transnational Cooperation in the EU? P., 2011. 20. Makarychev A. S. Contours of Regional Identity: Testing ... ... The Journal of Eurasian Research. 2003. Vol. 2, № 1. Р. 23—28. 21. Mezhevich N. Eastern Europe. On the centenary of the political project // Bal­tic Region. 2016. Vol. 8, № 1. P. 17—32. 22. Political and Legal Perspectives of the EU Eastern ...

... communities, language centres, and scientific and cultural organisations. It is stressed that Germany makes use of the Baltics’ historical familiarity with German traditions in implementing its policy in these countries. The study suggests that German political and educational foundations are major actors of German soft power. It is shown that the development of a multilevel German language learning system incorporating various courses and scholarship programmes is one of the central strategies of German foundations. This strategy uses ‘High German’ as a means to integrate the Baltic audience into the German information space. The German language serves as a basis for popularisation of the German educational system and educational ...

... Shkel, S. N. 2011, Teorija modernizacii i social'no-jekonomicheskie faktory demokratizacii v kontekste politicheskih transformacij na postsovetskom prostranstve [The theory of modernization and socio-economic factors of democratization in the context of political transformations on the post-Soviet space], available at: http://gisap.eu/ru/teoriya-modernizatsii-i-sotsialno-ekonomicheskiefaktory- demokratizatsii-v-kontekste-politicheskikh (accessed 26.04.2015). 9. Mediņa, I. 2015, Gatis Krūmiņš: PSRS ...

... author emphasizes the need to develop an interest in mutual knowledge of cultures of remembrance in this space. Outlining the strategies specific to the prevailing cultures of remembrance in contemporary Russia and Lithuania, the author addresses the issue ... ... further development of the historical dialogue. It is assumed that such research may contribute to the improvement in the field of politics of history. 1. Poslanie Prezidenta Federal'nomu Sobraniju Rossijskoj Federacii [Address of the President of Russia to ...

... Nonprofits, Public Administration Review, vol. 80, no. 4, p. 644—650. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13238 . 20. Rose, R. 2011, Micro-economic responses to a macro-economic crisis: a pan-European perspective, Journal of communist studies and transition politics, vol. 27, no. 3—4, p. 364—384. 21. Janauskaitė, I., Tizenhauzienė, V. 2020, Karantino metu išaugo bedarbių skaičius — kritikuojama “patogi” pašalpų politika, LRT, 01.07.2020, available at: https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/verslas/4/1193921/karantino-metu-isaugo-bedarbiu-skaicius-kritikuojama-patogi-pasalpu-politika ...

... a tendency towards negative synergy and a category shift from soft threats to hard ones. The research shows that several key strategies — counter-active, projective, conservative, mobilising, resilient, and reflective — are used to communicate the ... .... doi: https://doi.org/10.24411/2072-9316-2018-00013 . 8. Česnakas, G., Jakštaitė, G., Juozaitis, J. 2016, Assessment of political vulnerabilities on security of energy supply in the Baltic States, Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, vol. 9, no. 1, ...

... the practice of forensic linguistic examination. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Ser.: Gumanitarnye nauki [Scientific notes of Kazan University. Ser.: Humanities], 157(5), pp. 286—294 (in Russ.). Epshtein, O. V., 2008. Communicative speech strategies and techniques for im­plementing the threat in political discourse. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Orenburg State Pedagogical University], 1 (51), pp. 27—33 (in Russ.). Leech, G. N., 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. London. Levine, T. R. and ...

... 2018). Vuorikoski, A.R., 2004. A Voice of Its Citizens or a Modern Tower of Babel? The Quality of Interpreting as a Function of Political Rhetoric in the European Parliament. Tampere: Tampere University Press. Available at: http://tampub. uta. fi/handle/10024/67348 ... ... Multiple Research Perspectives. Trieste: EUT. pp. 152—170. Wallmach, K., 2000. Examining simultaneous interpreting norms and strategies in a South African legislative context: A pilot corpus analysis. Language Matters, 31(1), pp. 198—221. Wang, B., ...

....de/a-17740616 (accessed 12.05.2015). 4. Lomakin, S. 2014, Druzhim domami? V Pol'she podveli itogi dvuh let dejstvija programmy MPP [Friends houses? Poland summed up two years of the program, WFP], Arguments and Facts, available at: http://www.klg.aif.ru/politic/1366501 (accessed 21.01.2015). 5. Żęgota, K. 2014, Polish-Russian Small Border Traffic in the Context of Russia-EU Relations, Balt. Reg., no. 3, p. 88—99. DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2014-3-8. 6. Dudzinska, K. Dyner, A. M. 2013, Mestnoe prigranichnoe ...

... Alongside the direct impact, one should consider their indirect impact, such as the tumbling rouble exchange rate and Russian banks’ increasing interest rates, which decrease Russian firms’ capability to invest abroad. Moreover, a less amicable politic al atmosphere in the West may push some Russian corporations out of the Western markets and diminish the enthusiasm of new ones to enter them. Today, Russia’s counter-sanctions do not directly restrict the country’s OFDI, but Russian state-owned ...

... competitive analysis of the seaport position in comparison to the largest European ports. The authors analyze the strengths of the seaport construction project, namely, the favorable natural environment and climate, advantageous geographical position, strong political will demonstrated by the federal and regional authorities. The article also considers the challenges the project faces — unfortunate geopolitical situation, growing competition from other seaports, and lack of investment. Based on the analysis ...

The border location of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship and the Kaliningrad region is a prerequisite for active cooperation at different institutional levels. The development of cross-border cooperation between the Kaliningrad region and the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship was launched in 1992, when the first agreements on international cooperation were signed. As of today, a high emphasis is placed on cross-border cooperation between the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship and the Kaliningrad region, which...

This article is devoted to the issues of cross-border cooperation carried out by agents resident in the Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian voivodeships. Among such agents there are non-governmental organizations. This article aims to identify the role of NGOs in cross-border cooperation and the predominant fields of their cooperation, as well as to assess their activity in attracting funding from European budgets. The article widely applies the results of surveys of NGOs conducted by the author, compares...

The authors consider the core areas of Lithuanian foreign policy. Special attention is paid to the adjustment of the major foreign policy vector, which concentrated earlier on the cooperation with the United States of America and strategic partnership with the Republic of Poland. The article analyses the attempts of Lithuanian president Dalia Grybauskaitė to formulate the so-called «new foreign policy» based on the multivector approach to the intergovernmental cooperation. This research is timely...

... European chal­lenge. Vol. 5 / ed. P. G. Xuereb. Msida: EDRC, University of Malta . 2004. 10. Marks Gary, Francois Nielsen, Leonard Ray, Jane E. Salk. Competencies, Cracks, and Conflicts: Regional Mobilization in the European Union // Comparative political studies. 1996. 29 (2):164—92. 11. Moisio Sami. Back to Baltoscandia? European Union and Geo-Conceptual Remaking of the European North // Geopolitics. 2003. 8 (1):72—100. 12. Smith Hanna (ed.). The two-level game: Russia 's relations with ...

... Polovina, E.V. 2015, The Problem of Definition of the Human Security Concept in the UN Documents, Politika, Gosudarstvo i Pravo [Politics, State and Law], no. 4 (in Russ.). 19. Baranovsky, V. (ed.) 1997, Russia and Europe: The Emerging Security Agenda, New ... ... 40—46 (in Russ.). 32. Sergunin, A. 2019, Applying EU standards to planning Russian Arctic cities’ sustainable development strategies: challenges and opportunities. In: Varaksin, A.N. (eds.) Environmental Knowledge and Policy Innovation between East ...

... 12.08.2020) (in Russ). 4. Ryazantsev, S. V., Vazirov, Z. K., Khramova, M. N., Smirnov, A. V. 2020, The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Position of Labor Migrants from Central Asia in Russia. Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of Social and Political Studies, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 58—70. doi: https://doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.3.06 . 5. Ryazantsev, S. V., Vazirov, Z. K., Garibova, F. M. 2020, «Stranded on the borders» between Russia and the homeland: migrants from Central Asia countries ...

... Malakhov, V. S., 2014. Kul’turnye razlichiya i politicheskie granitsy v epokhu glob­al'nykh migratsii [Cultural differences and political boundaries in the era of global migration]. Moscow (in Russ.). Marasinova, E., 2017. “Zakon” i “grazhdanin” ... ... Late Imperial Russia. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 7 (2), pp. 173—194. Mann, M., 1987. Ruling Class Strategies and Citizenship. Sociology, 21 (3), pp. 339—354. Pocock, J. G., 1998. A. The ideal of citizenship since classical ...

... The Ukraine events brought about a change in Germany’s regional policy. Despite Russia remaining one of the key economic and political counteractors, Germany, being a partner of the Baltics in the EU and NATO, cannot adopt a neutral position in the conflict ... ... and the Baltic Sea Region. In: Jopp, M., Arnswald, S. (Hg.), The European Union and the Baltic States. Visions, Interests and Strategies for the Baltic Sea Region, Bonn/Helsinki, S. 171—190. 9. Spohr Readman, K. 2004, Germany and the Baltic problem ...

The Baltic Sea region and the Black Sea area are overlapping regions that have their own political, historical and cultural peculiarities. They belong to the same geopolitical system, within which they are developing two regional cooperation subsystems strongly influenced both by internal political and economic dynamics and by external actors....

... Living on the Border], Tampere, Vastapaino, p.169—188.4. 1. Alho, R., Helander, M. 2016, Foreign Seasonal Farm Workers’ Strategies at the Margins of the Finnish Welfare State: Informal networks and weak ties, Nordic Journal of Migration Research,... ... org/10.2478/njmr-2019-00030. 11. Jussila, O., Gentile, S., Nevakivi, Y. 2010, Politicheskaya istoriya Finlyandii 1809—2009 gg. [Political history of Finland 1809—2009], M., 472 p. (in Russ.). 12. Kozhokin, E. M. 2011, European Union, Russia, CIS: demographic ...