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Stagnation of the Russian economy lends a new urgency to the question of whether reserves of competition incentives can be used to overcome the current negative economic tendencies. The lowering of entry barriers is traditionally considered a universal instrument of promoting competition. However, lower entry barriers can be mistakenly associated ...

International trade is an important factor affecting competition in domestic markets. Considering the vastness of Russian territory, one can expect the pro-competitive effect to vary from region to region. This analysis tests the hypothesis that the unique geographical position and economic status of the ...

... cooperation in the region. Competition and cooperation strategies are often equally viable for the ports in the Eastern Baltic Sea. Yet volatility in global markets, the unstable positions of leading exporters and importers, and changes in the economic and political environment call for new strategies and forms of interaction. This study aims to understand to what extent port authorities in the Eastern Baltic can combine competition and cooperation policies when formulating their vision and handling transit cargoes. The article draws on official statistics and Russian and international publications on the theory and practice of transport routing and the functioning of ...

... December 2015). 20. Hix, S. 2002, A Supranational Party System and the Legitimacy of the European Union, The International Spectator, no. 4, p. 49—60. 21. Hix, S., Kreppel, A., Noury, A. 2003, The Part System in the European Parliament: Collu-sive or Competitive? JCMS, no. 2, p. 309—331. 22. Hix, S., Lord, C. 1997, Political Parties in the European Union, N. Y. 23. Hobolt, S., Spoon, J., Tilley, J. 2008, A Vote Against Europe? Explaining Defection at the 1999 and 2004 European Parliament Elections, British Journal of Political Science, no. 39, p. 93—115. 24....

... Zegert, D., 2009. Transformation and development of the party in Eastern Europe after the end of the transitional decade. In: E. Yu. Meleshkina and G. M. Mikhailova, eds. Politicheskaya konkurentsiya i partii v gosudarstvakh postsovetskogo prostranstva [Political competition and parties in the states of the post-Soviet space]. Moscow. p. 32. 16. Zolyan, S. T., 2014. Semantika i struktura poeticheskogo teksta [Semantics and structure of poetic text]. Moscow. pp. 42—43. 17. Zolyan, S. T., 2016. Semiotics and pragmasemantics ...

Regional brands have become a valuable intangible asset and a crucial competitive resource for forging partnerships. An effective place branding policy is impossible without a precise understanding of the interests of stakeholder groups. It is essential to realize that each region is unique in its own way. Territories differ ...

... integration process. The article compares assessments of Eurasian integration given by scholars and political scientists from different countries. The author considers the features of different stages of Eurasian integration in view of the processes of political competition and consolidation within the Eurasian space. 1. Алияров Е. Сотрудничество во имя консенсуса: перспективы СНГ в посткризисном мире. URL: http://www.sarap.kz/index.php/ru/rubikon/325-sotrudnichestvo-vo-imya-konsensusa-perspektivy-sng-v-postkrizisnom-mire....

... 2020, Multi-lingual scene text detection and language identification, Pattern Recognition Lenners, no. 138, p. 16—22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2020.06.024 . 30. Sanjaume-Calvet, M., Riera-Gil, E. 2020, Languages, secessionism and party competition in Catalonia: A case of de-ethnicising outbidding? Party Politics. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1354068820960382. 31. McDonald, M., Kaushanskaya, M. 2020, Factors modulating cross-linguistic co-activation in bilinguals, Journal of Phonetics, no. 81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2020.100981 . 32. Malins,...

This article aims to explore the prospects for the development of international trade and the impact of trade on increasing competitiveness of Saint Petersburg. To this end, the authors study the theoretical aspects of regional competitiveness as such, analyse the ten years’ data on the city’s international trade, and explore the significance of image, reputation, and ...

... Enterprise Support Policies in Dynamic European Regions: Policy Implications for Ireland, paper presented at NESC seminar, Sustaining Competitive Advantage, NESC Research Series. March 1998, Dublin. 14. De Bresson C., Amesse F. Networks of innovators: a review ... ...,1994. P. 95—112. 21. Gereffi G., Humphrey J., Sturgeon T. The governance of global value chains //Review of International Political Economy. 2005. № 12. P. 78—104. 22. Granovetter M. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness ...

... Сирия. 19. Тарасов И. Н. Верхняя палата парламента в условиях посткоммунизма: Россия — Польша — Чехия. Саратов, 2005. Latkov A. V. political market, political rent, political anti-rent, imperfect competition 103-112

... two-part series, this article studies the historical context in which appeared Kant’s 1759 lecture advertisement leaflet entitled An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism. The study describes the requirements of the 1755 Berlin Academy of Sciences’ competition for a comparison of G. W. Leibniz’s and A. Pope’s systems and an assessment of optimism. Another focus is the philological difficulties of translating Pope’s proposition “Whatever is, is right” into the French language — which ...

... undergone very similar transformations since the 1990s. At the time, Baltic elites asserted continuity with pre-war Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia and detachment from the Soviet past. The 1990s elite struggle for power led to sharp ethnic, linguistic and political divides in Baltic societies. These rifts limit competition between power groups and reduce the ability of political systems to renew themselves. Having reached the ‘back to the West’ goal, Baltic elites replaced it with the idea of ‘Russian threat’. Bridging internal divides, which may weaken ...

... Hrustalev, M. A. 2015, Analiz mezhdunarodnyh situacij i politicheskaja jekspertiza [Analysis of the International Situation and Political Expertise], Moscow, p. 39—51. 5. Klemeshev, A. P. Mezhevich, N. M., Fedorov, G. M. 2015, The Baltic Sea Region: The ... ... F., Szatkowski, T., Keller, P., Tamnes, R. 2016, Alliance at Risk Strengthening European Defense in an Age of Turbulence and Competition, Atlantic Council. 10. Fisher, M. 2015, How World War III became possible, Vox, June 29, available at: www.vox.com/2015/6/29/8845913/russia-war ...

... perspectives on a new urban policy paradigm // Policy Options. 2004. Febr. P. 39—44. 15. Brette O., Chappoz Y. The French competitiveness clusters: Toward a new public policy for innovation and research? // J. of Economic Issues. 2007. № 41 (2). ... ... and regional development // Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. 1991. № 3 (1). P. 1—16. 17. Caramani D. Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. P. 605. 18. Carayannis E. G., Campbell D. F. J. ‘Mode 3’ and ‘quadruple helix’: ...

... the countries and regions that have a potential to attract foreign tourists. The purpose of this article is to estimate the competitiveness of the Irkutsk region on the world tourism market based on an analysis of various factors. In particular, the ... ... availability of human resources in the tourism industry. Special attention is paid to the influence of present economic and political conditions on the development of international tourism. It is concluded that there is a need for a further study of ...

....eu/press/filestor/empower-demand-report. pdf (accessed 17 January 2013). 5. Vasconcelos, J. 2009, Energy regulation in Europe: regulatory policies and politics of regulation, European review of energy markets, Vol. 3, no. 3, October, available at: http://www-55.mech. kuleuven.... ... Antimonopol'naja politika: Evropejskaja Komissija podtverzhdaet provedenie proverok bez preduprezhdenija v kompanijah gazovogo sektora [Competition policy: Commission confirms unannounced inspections in the natural gas sector companies], 2011, Delegation of the ...

... справиться с постройкой Игналинской АЭС-2 // ПОЛИТ. РУ . 2009. 3 марта . URL : http://www.polit. ru/economy/2009/03/03/agibalov.html (12.11.2009). 26.    Communication from the commission to the european parliament,... .... com / archive / eng / index . htm - read =430. htm (12.11.2009). Zverev Yuri Baltic Region, Russia, EU, energy sector, competition, cooperation, oil and oil product export, Baltic Pipeline System, Baltic Pipeline System 2, Nord Stream, Ignalina ...

... 2016. № 16 (3). P. 749—774. doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbv042. 17. Coenen L., Asheim B., Bugge M. M., Herstad S. J. Advancing regional innovation systems: What does evolutionary economic geography bring to the policy table? // Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space. 2017. № 35 (4). P. 600—620. doi: 10.1177/0263774X16646583. 18. Cooke P., Boekholt P., Todtling F. The Governance of Innovation in Europe. Regional Perspectives on Global Competitiveness. L., 2000. 19. Cooke P. N., Heidenreich M., Braczyk H.-J. Regional Innovation Systems: The role of governance in a globalized world. Oxford, 2004. 20. Doloreux D., Porto-Gomez I. P. A review of (almost) 20 years of regional inno­vation ...

... Bundesregierung, available at: https://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Mitschrift/Pressekonferenzen/2015/08/2015-08-31-pk-merkel.... (accessed 24.10.2016). 2. Hainmueller, J., Hopkins, D. J. 2014, Public Attitudes toward Immigration, Annual Review of Political Science, Vol. 17, p. 225—249. 3. Scheve, K., Slaughter, M. 2011, Labor Market Competition and Individual Preferences Over Immigration Policy, Rev. Econ. Stat., Vol. 83, no. 1, p. 133—145. 4. Kinder, D., Kam, C. 2009, Us Against Them: Ethnocentric Foundations of American Opinion, Chicago, IL. 5. Hopkins, D. J. 2011, National Debates,...

... 87—97. 11. Heckman, J. 1979, Sample selection bias as a specification error, Econometrica, no. 47, p. 153—161. 12. IMD. World Competitiveness Yearbook, available at: www.worldcompetiti veness.com/online (accessed 20.01.2016). 13. IMF. World Economic ... ... 11—12, p. 1485—1500. 15. Helpman, E. 1984, A simple theory of international trade with multinational corporations, Journal of Political Economy, no. 92, p. 451—71. 16. Jaaskela, J. P., Smith, P. 2013, Terms of Trade Shocks: What Are They and What Do ...

... the Russian diaspora in Gdansk in the 1920-1930s. The author considers the participation of Russian emigrants in the political, business, and cultural life of Gdansk and their relationships with the local authorities. Special attention is paid to the political competition among the Russian minority, the activity of religious, cultural, and educational organisations. The article offers a review of Russian periodicals published in Gdansk. It is emphasised that a specific feature of the social and political life ...

... question is whether inbound our outbound tourism prevailed and how visa-free travel to the Schengen Area affected the number of Ukrainians travelling to the Baltic Sea Region. Two data sources were used in the study. These are the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum and data from the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on the number of foreign citizens visiting Ukraine and the number of Ukrainians travelling abroad. The study employs the statistical methods of structural ...

... X. 2005, Fifty years of regional inequality in China: a journey through central planning, reform, and openness, Review of development Economics, Vol. 9, no. 1, р. 87—106. 26. Krugman, P. 1991, Increasing Returns and Economic Geography, ournal of Political Economy, Vol. 99, no. 3, p. 483—499. 27. Krugman, P. 1979, Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade, Journal of international Economics, Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 467—479. 28. Krugman, P., Elizondo, R. 1996, Trade policy and the third world metropolis, Journal of development economics, Vol. 49, no. 1, p. 137—150. 29....

... of Competition, Harvard Business Review, November-December, p. 77—90. 30. Porter, M. E. 2003, The economic performance of regions, Regional Studies, Vol. 37, August-October, p. 549—578. 31. Porter, M. E. 1998, Clusters and the New Economics of Competition, Harvard Business Review, November-December, p. 77—90. 32. Wallerstein, I. 1984, The politics of the world economy, Paris, 295 p. Chasovsky V. industry, spatial and industrial changes, transition period, transformation economy, transnational production poles, international integration, economic ‘growth poles’, industrial policy....

... competitive analysis of the seaport position in comparison to the largest European ports. The authors analyze the strengths of the seaport construction project, namely, the favorable natural environment and climate, advantageous geographical position, strong political will demonstrated by the federal and regional authorities. The article also considers the challenges the project faces — unfortunate geopolitical situation, growing competition from other seaports, and lack of investment. Based on the analysis of challenges, it is concluded that there are significant risks associated predominantly with lack of investment. In these conditions, a large investment project requires the ...

... government regulation relating to the deformations in the development of the world economic mechanism. Modern studies focus on the evolution of integration processes, which has largely affected the key elements of the world economic mechanism from classical political economy, monopoly regulation. This resulted in monopolistic competition, imperfect competition, and oligopoly – largely, through all fields and poles of economic growth to certain elements of government regulation and social reproduction on the international scale. The author examines the key elements and stages ...

... economic model of the Baltic states. Origins, contemporary content, prospects], 2011, available at: http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1320221.html (accessed 30 April 2012). 5. Chekalina, T. N. 2001, Rossija i strany Pribaltiki: itogi i perspektivy jekonomicheskogo ... ... June 2013, 2012, European Central Bank, available at: http://www.ebrd.com (accessed 20 April 2013). 11. Krugman, P. Latvian Competitiveness, 2012, The New York Times, available at: http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/10/latvian-competitiveness/ ...

... in the field of advanced technologies, and the methods of public support. Examples of private-public infrastructure for the implementation of innovative projects are offered. 1. Hanuz, M. 2011, Doklad o konkurentosposobnosti Rossii 2011 [The Russia Competitiveness Report 2011], Geneva, World Economic Forum, 227 p. 2. Ivanov, N. 2001, Nacional'nye innovacionnye sistemy [National innovation systems. Economy questions], Voprosy economiki [Economic matters], no. 7, p. 60. 3. Dosi, G., Freeman, C., Nelson,...

... position of the Estonian SSR: Myths and Reality]. In: Politicheskaja geografija i sovremennost'. Regional'nye i prikladnye aspekty [Political geography and modernity. Regional and applied aspects], Leningrad. 11. Samonis, V. 1995, Transformacija litovskoj jekonomiki: ... ... market], Warsaw. 12. Grigoryev, L. М. 2005, Konkurencija i sotrudnichestvo: jekonomicheskie perspektivy Vostochnoj Baltiki [Competition and cooperation: economic prospects of Eastern Baltic], Moscow. 13. Grigoryev, L. М., Ivashchenko, А. S. (eds.),...

... (accessed 22 February 2011). 8. Pricewaterhouse Coopers, available at: http://www.pwc.com/ (accessed 17 December 2010). 9. Gallup International Association, available at: http://www.gallup-international.com/ (accessed 17 December 2010). 10. Global Competitiveness, available at: http://www.weforum.org/issues/globalcompetitiveness (accessed 22 February 2011). Berendeev Mikhail image of Russia, political image, international indices, global, perception of Russia 34-41 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-3-5

... Russian soft power, which is considered as hard power, and to compare the theses that dominate this discourse with the actual interactions between Russia and the three states in media, education, and culture. Each Baltic country has built a system of political and legal restrictions to diminish the effect of Russian soft power, which is considered in terms of hard power, i.e. as a threat to national security. The current forms of Russian soft power are becoming less productive in the region and their ...

... different governing bodies in this new field of administrative activity. 1. Baturova, G. V. 2011, Perspektivy povyshenija konkurentosposobnosti morehozjajstvennogo kompleksa v uslovijah razvitija mirohozjajstvennyh svjazej [Prospects of improving the competitiveness of the complex marine economic development in world economic relations], Dissertation for the degree of candidate of economic sciences, Moscow, Sovet po izucheniju proizvoditel'nyh sil (SOPS). 2. Baturova, G. V. 2011, Regional'nye morehozjajstvennye ...

... highlighting the network complexity of the system of distributed production and trade in value added. Not only does this system bring competitive advantages to GVC partner countries, but also it entails risks of cascading production disruptions. We examine these ... ..., Sturgeon, T. 2014, Explaining governance in global value chains: A modular theory-building effort, Review of International Political Economy, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 195—223. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2013.809596 . 22. Russell, M. G., Smorodinskaya,...

The sea and inland hinterland of Baltic Europe form a unique macro-regional unit. Strong collaboration links, and competition in the Baltic Sea region, are an inherent feature of the region from the beginning of its civilization development.... ... participation of research institutions, regional cooperation infrastructure, operational programmes, as well as the private sector. Political stabilisation and economic development may transform, in a longer time span, the emerging transnational Baltic Europe ...

... response to the long-term structural challenges faced by Russia and the Baltics in creating a new generation of internationally competitive firms; (3) as a result of companies tackling the effects of the pandemic against the background of historically stable ... ... (local) governments, and Russian-Baltic cross-border cooperation initiatives. Finally, repercussions for Russian and Baltic politics are discussed alongside GVC regionalisation benefits for all the parties involved. 1. Baldwin, R., Freeman, R. 2020,...

... Mayer, F. W., Phillips, N., Posthuma, A. C. 2017, The political economy of governance in a ‘global value chain world’, New Political Economy, Vol. 22, no. 2, p. 129—133. 37. OECD. Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance, ... ... 404—416. 39. Timmer, M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., Vries, G. J. 2013, Fragmentation, Incomes and Jobs: An Analysis of European Competitiveness, Economic Policy, no. 28, p. 613—661. Voloshenko K.Yu., Ponomarev A. K. region, economic sectors, simulation ...

The publication reflects the problem of new identity of the Baltics in the conditions of competition between European spaces. The Baltic States are presented as a political structure, where mutually competitive identities oriented towards different centres of modern Europe are developing. In the Baltics, the identity discourse acquires new markers. The agenda includes the crisis of confidence in the institutions of power and integration problems....

... Government of the Russian Federation on October 29, 2012 №2006-p "On approval of the action plan for the development and competitiveness of the leading universities of Russia among the world's scientific and educational centers"], 2012. 8. Soglashenie ... ...?CatalogId=221&d_no=49692 (accessed 17.03.2015). 11. Feldman, D. M. 2005, Politicheskoe vzaimodejstvie jelit stran SNG [The political elites of the interaction of the CIS countries], Polis, no.4, p. 89-98. 12. Zuckerberg, M. Javljaetsja li dostup v ...

... for Russian gas, as well as low domestic demand for gas hamper the implementation of a regional LNG terminal project even in the long term. 1. Grigoriev, L. M. 2005, Konkurencija i sotrudnichestvo: jekonomicheskie perspektivy Vostochnoj Baltiki [Competition and Cooperation: Economic Perspectives Eastern Baltic], Moscow, Izdatel'stvo «Evropa», 68 p. 2. Grigas, A. 2012, The Gas Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia: politics and commercial realities, The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, October, available at: http://www. oxfordenergy. org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/ 2012/ 10/NG_67.pdf (accessed 25 December 2012). 3. Prezident Litvy: Latvija mozhet rasschityvat' ...

... Lithuanian Commonwealth (earlier the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) in the 16th—17th centuries. The author emphasizes the factors, which affected the choice of institutional development trajectory, and considers the influence exerted by these institutes on the political and military development of these states. This article shows how the contingent property rights in Moscovy turned out to be competitive in the conditions of a considerable contribution of decentralization factors to defence capacity and, opposite to the situation in the Polish — Lithuanian Commonwealth, ensured the formation of large and efficient troops. This work contributes ...

... bez nauki. Institucional'nyj analiz sfery // Pub­lich­nye lekcii na «Polit. ru». [online] Available at: < http://www.polit. ru/sci­en­ce/2006/03/ 06/ aleksandrov. html > [Accessed 5 July 2010] 2.      Dezhina, I., Kiseleva, V. 2007.... ... Ma, W., Baker, D. 2008. Higher Education Policy, № 21, pp. 5—27. 13. Lester, R. K. Universities, Innovation, and the Competitiveness of Local Economies: A Summary Report from the Local Innovation Systems Project — Phase I. [online] Available ...

... Russian society is changing], Moscow, 224 p. (in Russ.). 34. Mannheim, K. 2000, Ocherki sotsiologii znaniya: problema pokolenii — sostyazatel’nost’ — ekonomicheskie ambitsii [Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge: the Problem of Generations — Competitiveness — Economic Ambitions], Moscow, 164 p. (in Russ.). 35. Schekoturov, A. V., Vinokurov, V. V. 2020, Outpost or region of international cooperation: how the images of the Kaliningrad region in the Russian media changed in 2014—2018, Mediascope,...

... Challenges, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 16. no. 1, p. 3—28. 5. Kolodko, G. W. 2000, From Shock to Therapy: the Political Economy of Postsocialist Transformation, Oxford, Oxford University Press. 6. Podkaminer, L. 2015, Central and Eastern ... ... and Contemporary History], no. 2, p. 3—20 (In Russ.). 15. Umerova, I. A. 2009, Regionalization in terms of globalization: competitiveness factors of Central and East European countries, RUDN Journal of Economics, no. 1, p. 52—59 (In Russ.). 16. Knyazev,...