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... principle of morality and the concept of human dignity are both grounded on it. Advocates of this reading argue that the notion of autonomy and dignity should now be considered as the central claim of Kant’s ethics, rather than the universalisation of maxims. Kant’s ethics are termed as repugnant for they place a high demand on the universalisation of maxims as a universal moral principle. As a result, they argue that there is an urgent need to rescue Kant’s ethics from the controversies surrounding ...

... other forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understandingof others. In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the requirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, although ...

... other forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understanding of others.In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the re¬quirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, ...

The study is focused on features of hydrometeorological conditions in the southeastern Baltic Sea and their trends assessment for 2005—2019 (climatic half period). The authors used the data from field observations of atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, and air temperature from the automatic hydrometeorological station located offshore, as well as the satellite data from the infrared and microwave (radar images) ranges to determine sea ice and sea surface temperature, respectively. The...

Climate warming results in an increase of air temperatures extrema. The dynamics of anomalies in air temperature absolute maxima are described through unusual biquadrate polynomials. The minimum peak was observed in 1989—1992, afterwards a steep increase followed. The authors examine the possibility of an increase in the frequency of air temperature anomalies in the form of heat waves. The patterns of dynamics of anomalies in the absolute air temperature minima is accurately formalized through linear...

The paper presents the results of a study of the acute contact toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid to honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758). The experiment assessed survival and behavioral activity of insects at 4, 24, and 48 hours after a single exposure to various concentrations of the insecticides. It was found that both compounds exhibit high insecticidal activity; however, the nature of their effects differs significantly. Thiacloprid shows an earlier onset of toxic effects and bee...

... objection that he concedes to be effective against other attempts to answer the positive duties objection; on the other horn, the procedure he recommends cannot be based on the FUL (because it does not evaluate actions on the basis of their corresponding maxims). In addition, I maintain that Duindam’s benevolence argument rests on a procedure that is, in general, intractable and, in this particular case, foredoomed (because it can be shown that there are no positive duties of the kind he tries to derive)....

Among the most peculiar traits of Kant’s critical philosophy is the contention that, while we can know our moral maxims and can thus reflect on our actions from a moral point of view, we cannot really know whether in a given situation our actions are actually motivated by those maxims. This means that, although we have a firm sense of our moral duties, we can never ...

... approach that would accommodate our moral intuitions regarding both the equal value of whole lives and the additive value of life-years. Afroogh, S., Kazemi, A. and Seyedkazemi, A., 2021. COVID-19, Scarce Resources and Priority Ethics: Why Should Maximizers Be More Conservative? Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, 18, September, 100698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100698 Alexander, S., 1962. They Decide Who Lives, Who Dies: Medical Miracle Puts Moral Burden on Small Committee. Life, ...

Kant’s deduction of the Christian doctrine of justification, respectively the doctrine of grace, leads to the question in what sense philosophy can deal with God’s grace without falsely replacing it with its own arguments. Kant’s answer (a) is that the imputation of evil without attempt to justify it by means of one’s own resources requires thinking of God as the external judge in the internal court of justice, respectively as one’s conscience. This reference to God implies that one makes oneself...

The article describes the set of maxims, revealing the attitude to life and death, typical for the Russian linguistic-cultural consciousness, on the basis of Russian proverbs and sayings. The author explains the specificity of these maxims, and provides an additional interpretation of ...

The authors try to characterize changes in viscosities of blood and throm­boresistance of vascular endothelium after stab wounds of heart. To achieve the goal, the indicators of microblood circulation were studied in 34 patients. All patients were divided into two groups: the first group of 17 people has been operated for the wounds of heart with the thoracotomy, suturing heart wounds and the pleural cavity drainage. The second group of 17 patients had stab wounds of the chest, they underwent primary...

By carrying out a quantitative evaluation of appearances of the shadow reflex, we obtained a spectral dependence of skin light sensitivity of immature specimens of Lymnaea stagnalis L. We performed experiments on juvenile specimens with a maximum shell size of 15 mm, to rule out the influence of the sexual dominant on the appearance of the reflex response. With its maximum at 490 nm, the obtained dependence apparently corresponds to the absorption spectrum of the photosensitive skin pigment. 1....

The maximum individual age of the Japanese littleneck clam is 7 years. The maximum shell length is 5.2 mm. The sex ratio is almost 1 to 1. There are registered cases of hermaphroditism and parasitic castration. The rate of linear growth has increased to three years. The molluscs reach the harvestable size in three years. 1. Волова Г.   Н., Жакина Т.   И., Микулич Л.   В. Бентос бухты Алексеева (залив Петра Великого) // Прибрежный планктон и бентос северной части Японского моря. Владивосток, 1980...

A current challenge in soybean cultivation is the development of biological inoculants based on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, which provide the crop with the necessary amount of nitrogen for full plant development and sufficient protein accumulation. In particular, biological inoculants containing live nitrogen-fixing microbial cells are in high demand. Nodulating bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium are considered promising candidates for such inoculants. The aim of this study was to...

... underlying the characters’ traditional cognitive architecture. The article argues that this de­struction does not result in mere negation but rather in a transformation into a new existen­tial quality. In particular, the collapse of the cognitively maximal concept of marriage is in­terpreted as a key symptom of ontological disorder: it leads, on the one hand, to an intensifica­tion of existential fear in the protagonist, and, on the other, to a growth of entropic indiffer­ence in the existence ...

... in the semantic structure of the essay is occupied by the epigraph — a poem by one of the most renowned Polish poets of the 20th century, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, dedicated to the great Königsberg native. This poetic paraphrase of Kant’s famous maxim from the conclusion of the Critique of Practical Reason associates the contemplation of the starry sky and the awareness of the moral law with the pessimistic and catastrophic tone of fear and dread. Iwaszkiewicz’s modification of Kant’s worldview ...

Drawing on comprehensive historical data about the system of music education in China in the 1920—1930s, the authors focus on the relevance of professional pedagogical values for the successful transmission of professional experience. Examining axiological dimension of the intense pedagogical activity of Boris Zakharov (1887—1943), the head of the piano de­partment at the Shanghai National Conservatory in 1929—1943, we claim that there is direct continuity between the system of professional values...

... issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the antagonistic activity of various Trichoderma strains against phytopathogens and evaluate their potential for further use as biopreparations in agriculture. An optimal nutrient medium was selected to maximize spore production in Trichoderma. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma strains against fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Alternaria, and Mucor was assessed using the dual-culture method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed ...

The development of an antiplatelet peptide was conducted using proteomic databases and the Cybase cyclic peptide database. Toxicity prediction was carried out on the ADMETlab 3.0 platform. The framework used was the cyclic peptide PLP-5, listed under number 1375 in the Cybase database. A new peptide with the amino acid sequence QLSNGLFVDYLWW was obtained. According to the peptide bioactivity predictor, it has a bioactivity level of 0.81968 units, with a maximum of 1. The peptide does not cause acute...

The spatial and temporal distribution of suspended matter in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea was studied in the context of the transition from oxygenated to anoxic conditions. Semi-enclosed water bodies, such as the shallow Baltic Sea, play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon-containing particles, both organic and inorganic, settle within the total suspended matter, making it important to understand the patterns of its distribution. The main sources of suspended matter in the southeastern...

... section of the underwater coastal slope near Cape Taran. The high mosaic distribution of lithofacies and the varying degrees of macrophyte coverage of the seabed have been confirmed. The boulder-block pavement within the euphotic layer of the sea was maximally covered by macrophytes, with Polysiphonia nigrescens as the dominant species. The lower boundary of macrophyte distribution was recorded at a depth of 19 meters, which is significantly deeper than previously believed. Macrophytes can be recommended ...

The use of synthetic growth stimulants is a promising approach to enhancing the productivity of the fermentation process. The advantages of such compounds include minimal consumption, stability during storage, and lower cost compared to natural growth stimulants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of protatrans on cell development and intracellular protein biosynthesis in the yeast Candida ethanolica. It was established that the effects of protatrans depend on the concentrations...

... and that is the requirement to obey those who are not above us in thinking and the right to speak out in public, which ultimately means not only personal maturity, but implies also the maturity of society’s functioning in accordance with the said maxim. Agamben, G., 2015. Stasis. Civil War as a Political Paradigm (Homo sacer, II, 2). Translated by N. Heron. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Berne, E., 1964. Games People Play: The Psychology of Human Relationships. New York: Grove Press....

The article examines the ideas of Heidegger, Losev, and Ortega y Gasset regarding the possibility and necessity of translating philosophical texts. The concept of non-translation is an acknowledgment of the impossibility of adequately reproducing a philosophical text in another language while preserving its integrity. Particularly interesting for comparison are the concepts and practices of translation/non-translation found in works written during the same period (1920—1940s), which reveal numerous...

This paper examines two models of language philosophy. The first is the Kantian philosophy which sees language as an instrument of conveying mental content. I have selected Immanuel Kant and Edmund Husserl from amongst its numerous representatives. In this tradition, a language expression, i.e. an expression that has meaning, is determined by the objectively ideal character of the meanings (“rules”) given through the subject’s intellectual acts. The main task is to fix with a maximum degree of accuracy...

... to the presentations made by the philologist and philosopher Maksim Kœnigsberg and the literary scholar Mikhail Shtokmar, a student of Boris Yarkho at the State Academy of Artistic Sciences. In addition, the data from the newly discovered article by Maxim Kœnigsberg, “Compound Rhymes in the Lyrics of Innokentii Annenskii” (1924), is explored. The theses of Kœnigsberg’s exposé are published for the first time, with notes. The aim of the article is to reveal the polemical layer in the works ...

The present stage of verse studies is marked by a rekindling of interest in the theoretical approaches of the 1920s and 1930s that emerged in the milieu close to the Russian ‘formal school’. In this respect, one of the most significant figures is Georgii Shengeli (1894—1956), who is known primarily as one of the most insightful researchers of verse theory and Russian non-classical metrics. Less attention has been paid to Shengeli’s own poetic experiments, which have remained in the shadow of his...

... means. This is precisely the approach taken by Mikhail Gasparov in his article on the history of Russian rhyme, where, without resorting to reduc­tionism, he constructs his concept of cultural history as a sequence of crises and their resolu­tions. Maxim Shapir, in his well-known work on the evolution of the Russian iambic tetrame­ter, specifically highlights the unusual method he employs—the explanation of a poetic fact through historically documented and socially significant events. Poetics,...

... their use in biotechnological processes to obtain complexes or individual bioactive substances with different orientations. Selecting optimal cultivation conditions for cyanobacteria will contribute to the rapid accumulation of bacterial biomass and maximize the yield of biologically active substances. This study analyzes the influence of temperature and light spectral composition on the growth of the cyanobacterium Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200 under stationary conditions. The strain was cultivated ...

Various approaches to sewage sludge treatment are actively being implemented at municipal biological wastewater treatment facilities, including thermal utilization technologies such as pyrolysis. The biochar produced through this process is currently underutilized; however, it possesses the unique ability to absorb and effectively sequester CO2 for centuries when incorporated into soil, simultaneously enhancing soil quality and promoting sustainable land use and development. The link between biomass...

This study examines the morphometric characteristics of the Letny — Zimny pond sys­tem in Kaliningrad as factors potentially influencing the ecological condition of small artifi­cial water bodies. Based on hydroacoustic surveying conducted with the "AsCor" software-hardware complex, which simultaneously recorded current depth and geographic coordinates of the surveyed bottom areas in real time, bottom relief maps of the ponds were created for the first time. Key morphometric parameters...

This study focuses on investigating atmospheric zinc deposition in the Kaliningrad Re­gion using biomonitoring methods. The moss species Pleurosium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens, collected in 2020, were selected as bioindicators. The primary aim of the study was to assess the spatial distribution of atmospheric air pollution by zinc in the region and to identify its sources. Epithermal neutron activation analysis was used to determine the metal content in the moss samples. The obtained data...

Seasonal and spatial variations in the content of biogenic elements (mineral forms of ni­trogen and phosphorus) are presented for the estuarine system of the Pregolya River (Kali­ningrad Sea Canal, Kaliningrad Bay) and the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea in 2024. Their seasonal dynamics were characterized by maxima during the high-water period. Minima were observed in spring and summer during water “blooming” against the background of intense water warming. Spatial distribution was characterized by...