The filtration radio pulse maximum likelihood method
This article presents a solution to the problem of resolution of two radio impulses through the maximum likelihood method. The authors have obtained expressions for the optimum processing of a set of two radio impulses in the domains of their orthogonality and non-orthogonality, as well as expressions for the dispersion of radio impulse parameters (Rao-Cramér dispersion). The article presents the results of model calculations showing the possibilities of resolving two radio impulses using the maximum...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
Digital transformation of socio-economic processes is the basis for sustainable development of regions in the digital age. The foundation for such a transformation is the information and communication infrastructure and, first of all, the mobile Internet. The technological growth of mobile networks has provided a rapid increase in the number of users around the world, contributing to further digitalization. With the development of digital technologies, research in the field of human geography has...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
The demand for digital technologies has been growing due to a shift in the technological and economic paradigm. The need for online services has increased since the beginning of the COVID pandemic. There are significant disparities between Russian regions in the digital technology accessibility and the development of computer skills. In 2020, the Internet diffused rapidly in most regions, although previously, there had been a slowdown. As markets got saturated with digital services, the digital divide...
Estimation of Target Elevation Angles in Meter Radars
The problem of estimating the angles of the target location in the radar meter wave range, associated with the interference of direct and reflected from the earth's surface waves. In the area of small site angles, the directional patterns for the forward and reflected waves merge together and significantly distort the estimates of the target site angles. The possibility of solving the problem of estimating the angles of the target site by three methods is analyzed: the method of angular spectral...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
The article examines Sweden’s and Finland’s motives for ending their long-time non-aligned policies and joining NATO after Russia had launched a special military operation in Ukraine in February 2022. The two countries’ decision is shown to be in the interest of the United States, which has always sought to fill the geopolitical vacuum reigning after the collapse of the opposing Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union itself. Finland and Sweden were the missing links for Washington and NATO in the...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
This article explores the spread of the Covid-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region. The monthly excess mortality rate in the Baltic region is analysed along with regional and municipal Covid-19 response acts to identify regional features affecting the spread of the disease. The spatial characteristics of Russia’s Baltic regions, germane to the propagation of Covid-19, were distinguished by examining selected social and economic statistical indicators. Based on the space of places/space...
Der Schatten der Tugend. Kant über die unergründliche Tiefe des Herzens
Among the most peculiar traits of Kant’s critical philosophy is the contention that, while we can know our moral maxims and can thus reflect on our actions from a moral point of view, we cannot really know whether in a given situation our actions are actually motivated by those maxims. This means that, although we have a firm sense of our moral duties, we can never ...
Kant on Human Dignity: Autonomy, Humanity, and Human Rights
... principle of morality and the concept of human dignity are both grounded on it. Advocates of this reading argue that the notion of autonomy and dignity should now be considered as the central claim of Kant’s ethics, rather than the universalisation of maxims. Kant’s ethics are termed as repugnant for they place a high demand on the universalisation of maxims as a universal moral principle. As a result, they argue that there is an urgent need to rescue Kant’s ethics from the controversies surrounding ...
Variability of climatic characteristics оver the South-East Baltic coastal waters in the early XXI century
The study is focused on features of hydrometeorological conditions in the southeastern Baltic Sea and their trends assessment for 2005—2019 (climatic half period). The authors used the data from field observations of atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, and air temperature from the automatic hydrometeorological station located offshore, as well as the satellite data from the infrared and microwave (radar images) ranges to determine sea ice and sea surface temperature, respectively. The...
Search algorithms for an extremum in the maximum likelihood method
This article presents a comparative evaluation of steepest descent and simulated annealing for the minimization of the likelihood functional for solving the problem of the resolution of two radio pulses on time by maximum likelihood method. The combined algorithm, which allows increasing of the computation performance, wa
1. Власова К. В., Волхонская Е. В., Коротей Е. В., Пахотин В. А. Разрешающая способность сигналов с линейной...
The dynamics of air temperature extrema as an indicator of climate warming in the Central Tuvan basin of the Tyva Republic
Climate warming results in an increase of air temperatures extrema. The dynamics of anomalies in air temperature absolute maxima are described through unusual biquadrate polynomials. The minimum peak was observed in 1989—1992, afterwards a steep increase followed. The authors examine the possibility of an increase in the frequency of air temperature anomalies in the form of heat waves. The patterns of dynamics of anomalies in the absolute air temperature minima is accurately formalized through...
A comparative evaluation of the correlation analysis and maximum likelihood method resolution in the reception of phase-shift keying signals based on Barker codes
This article presents the results of a MATLAB-assisted study into the maximum likelihood method resolution in the reception of two radioprobing signals based on Barker’s codes. The study is based on the expressions ob-tained by the authors within optimum reception theory that make it possible to carry out a joint evaluation of the same parameters of two signals and re-solve them based on these parameters.
1. Пахотин В. А., Бессонов В. А., Молостова С. В., Власова...
The maximum likelihood method as applied to chirp signals
This article presents signal processing through linear frequency modula-tion (chirp signals) using the maximum likelihood method. The authors have obtained main expressions describing the optimal algorithm for processing these signals, as well as expressions for chirp signal dispersion (Rao-Cramér dispersion). The article presents key findings of model calculations during the reception of chirp signals.
1. Перов А. И. Статистическая теория радиотехнических...
Application the theory of an optimum detection for a spatial resolution of signals
The article deals with application of the theory of optimum detection to the azimuth resolution of two sound sources. This paper compares the solutions based on maximum likelihood method with the classical approach (Rayleigh's approach). Furthermore, the computer model and the testbench (experimental apparatus) have been created for an extensive analysis of the obtained solution. Our experimental and model results demonstrate a significant advantage of the solution obtained by using the theory of...
The detection of nuclear quadrupole resonance signals with limited data
The denoising method of the pulse nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) signals was investigated for the case of the small signal to noise ratio. The maximum entropy method of the autoregressive model was applied for the analysis of the experimental NQR data. The obtained results show the efficiency of proposed method in the conditions of the limited sampling rate for the limited time of the detection and digital signal sampling for the NQR detectors.
1.
Miller J.
B., Barrall G.
A.
Explosives...
Immaturity and the objective of a true reform in ways of thinking. Part II
... other forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understanding of others.In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the re¬quirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, ...
Immaturity and the objective of a true reform in ways of thinking. Part I.
... other forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understandingof others. In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the requirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, although ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
This article analyses the differentiation of municipalities at the municipal and urban district levels in the Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions based on their economic development and the response of their economies to the crises of 2020 and 2022. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of conducting such assessments by merging Rosstat statistics with publicly available accounting and tax reporting data from the Federal Tax Service. The contribution also assesses the role of small businesses in municipal...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
The article explores the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship education within universities. This exploration is set against the backdrop of the rapid and widespread integration of AI technologies across economic and other domains of life. The authors aim to define the concept of ‘entrepreneurial potential’ and elucidate the contribution of AI in augmenting the entrepreneurial potential among university students in the Baltic States. To achieve this goal, the authors...
Kant in the Time of COVID
... approach that would accommodate our moral intuitions regarding both the equal value of whole lives and the additive value of life-years.
Afroogh, S., Kazemi, A. and Seyedkazemi, A., 2021. COVID-19, Scarce Resources and Priority Ethics: Why Should Maximizers Be More Conservative? Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, 18, September, 100698.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100698
Alexander, S., 1962. They Decide Who Lives, Who Dies: Medical Miracle Puts Moral Burden on Small Committee. Life, ...
Revisiting the Maxim-Law Dynamic in the Light of Kant’s Theory of Action
A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck to reinterpret Kant’s classification of practical principles in a way ...
Rheological properties of blood and hemostasis of the stab wounds of the heart
The authors try to characterize changes in viscosities of blood and thromboresistance of vascular endothelium after stab wounds of heart. To achieve the goal, the indicators of microblood circulation were studied in 34 patients. All patients were divided into two groups: the first group of 17 people has been operated for the wounds of heart with the thoracotomy, suturing heart wounds and the pleural cavity drainage. The second group of 17 patients had stab wounds of the chest, they underwent primary...
Vernunft und Glaube. Zu Kants Deduktion der Gnadenlehre
Kant’s deduction of the Christian doctrine of justification, respectively the doctrine of grace, leads to the question in what sense philosophy can deal with God’s grace without falsely replacing it with its own arguments. Kant’s answer (a) is that the imputation of evil without attempt to justify it by means of one’s own resources requires thinking of God as the external judge in the internal court of justice, respectively as one’s conscience. This reference to God implies that one makes...
Hardware-Software Implementation of 1-Wire Interface Based on STM32 Microcontroller
... sensors in wired networks based on this interface.
1. Complete 1-Wire Command Codes // OWFS Website. URL:
http://owfs
. sourceforge.net/commands.html (дата обращения: 05.08.2019).
2. Using a UART to Implement a 1-Wire Bus Master // Maxim Integrated. URL:
https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/app-notes/index.mvp/id/214
(дата обращения: 05.08.2019).
3. Елисеев Н. Интерфейс 1-Wire: устройство и применение // ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА: ...
«Only when asleep you feel alive»: life and death in the Russian linguocultural consciousness (based on Russian proverbs and sayings)
The article describes the set of maxims, revealing the attitude to life and death, typical for the Russian linguistic-cultural consciousness, on the basis of Russian proverbs and sayings. The author explains the specificity of these maxims, and provides an additional interpretation of ...
The Spectral Dependence of Skin Sensitivity to Light in Immature LYMNAEA STAGNALIS L. Specimens
By carrying out a quantitative evaluation of appearances of the shadow reflex, we obtained a spectral dependence of skin light sensitivity of immature specimens of Lymnaea stagnalis L. We performed experiments on juvenile specimens with a maximum shell size of 15 mm, to rule out the influence of the sexual dominant on the appearance of the reflex response. With its maximum at 490 nm, the obtained dependence apparently corresponds to the absorption spectrum of the photosensitive skin pigment.
1...
The Green Meadow. Kant´s new Definition of the Modal Concept of Existence in the First Moment of the “Analytic of the Beautiful”
... “Analytic of the Beautiful” contain preliminary work on the modal concepts of existence, possibility, necessity — and, of course, contingency, which is very important because it is required for the definition of the very special modal status of the “maxims of judgment”.
1. Allison, H. E. 2001, Kant´s Theory of Taste. A Reading of the “Critique of Aesthetic Judgement”, Cambridge.
2. Dumouchel, D. 1999, Kant et la genèse de la subjectivité esthétique. Esthétique et philosophie avant la ...
How transcendental are Kant’s principles of public law?
... interpretations of these principles by Russian and international researchers. The article strives to answer the question as to what type of ‘public’ is meant by these principles, whether these principles can serve as a priori criteria for selecting maxims, how efficient these principles are as empirical criteria for establishing legitimacy, and whether they can be characterized as ‘transcendental’. Kant’s discourse on publicity — a result of strenuous efforts presented in a number of writings ...
iltering of signals from noise by maximum likelihood method
A method of filtering radar pulse on the background of the focus obtained by frequency interference. The basis of the method are the principles of the theory of optimal reception and position of the linear space of signals. Derived the basic expressions when filtering of the signal strength in the area of orthogonality of signal and noise, and their non-orthogonality. Equations for impulse and hour-tonyh characteristics of filters.
1. Баскаков С. И. Радиотехнические цепи...
Modeling studies of filtering process of the radio pulse from noise
Presents the results of model studies of the possibilities of a filtration of pulse centered on the background frequency interference maximum likelihood method. Basis are the principles of the theory of optimal reception and submission of the linear space of signals. Shows odnosno-ness of the solution of the filtering problem in the field of orthogonality of signal and noise, and their reorthogonalize . Submitted to evaluation of the dynamic range of the filter.
Баскаков С. И. Радиотехнические...
Estimation of parameters of of the ionospheric signal
The technique of an estimation of parameters of a dual-beam ionospheric signal is presented by a method of the maximum credibility. Results of modeling calculations and results of calculations of real ionospheric signals on line Moscow — Kaliningrad are resulted.
1. Перов А. И. Статистическая теория радиотехнических систем : учебное пособие для вузов. М., 2003.
2. Пахотин В. А., Бессонов В. А., Молостова...
The population structure and the growth of the bivalve mollusc Ruditapes philippinarum in Amur bay (the Sea of Japan)
The maximum individual age of the Japanese littleneck clam is 7 years. The maximum shell length is 5.2 mm. The sex ratio is almost 1 to 1. There are registered cases of hermaphroditism and parasitic castration. The rate of linear growth has increased to three years. The molluscs reach the harvestable size in three years.
1.
Волова Г.
Н.,
Жакина Т.
И., Микулич Л.
В.
Бентос бухты Алексеева (залив Петра Великого) // Прибрежный...
The spectral characteristics of shadow response in mature adults of Lymnaea stagnalis
Comparative research on spectral dependence between the appearance of shadow defensive reflex in intact and eyeless adults of Lymnaea stagnalis proved the excitatory role of dermal photoreception and the inhibitory role of the ocular one. The shape of the curve and the modified spectral maximum of the absorption of dermal light-sensitive pigment (490 nanometers) allow the authors to suppose the presence of rhodopsin-like pigment in dermal photoreceptors.
1.
Жуков В.
В.,
Король...
Method of the estimation of parameters of signals at change of range to the purpose
On the basis of a method of the maximal credibility considers questions limiting accuracy parameters of a signal and the sanction on range at approach of the purpose a locator. It is shown, that due to increase of the attitude the signal/noise essentially increases an opportunity of ...
Vocational education in Russia and China: the role of values in the transmission of experience revisited
Drawing on comprehensive historical data about the system of music education in China in the 1920—1930s, the authors focus on the relevance of professional pedagogical values for the successful transmission of professional experience. Examining axiological dimension of the intense pedagogical activity of Boris Zakharov (1887—1943), the head of the piano department at the Shanghai National Conservatory in 1929—1943, we claim that there is direct continuity between the system of professional...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
Over the past 25 years, Russia has faced several economic and geopolitical challenges, including the 2008 global financial crisis, sanctions imposed in 2014, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To remain resilient in the face of these challenges, Russia needs to adopt a flexible development strategy and transition to a new path of development. This transition requires the development of new knowledge-intensive industries, expansion into promising markets, strengthening trade and economic partnerships, and...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
The primary objective of the article is to evaluate the significance of status and allied reputation within Denmark’s strategic culture. Amongst Danish international relations scholars, there is a well-established notion that one of the key motivations for the use of military force in Danish foreign policy was the aspiration to cultivate special relations with the United States and achieve the status of a privileged ally. This status would confirm guarantees for Denmark’s national security, provide...
Dare to Know, or the Gospel According to Kant
... and that is the requirement to obey those who are not above us in thinking and the right to speak out in public, which ultimately means not only personal maturity, but implies also the maturity of society’s functioning in accordance with the said maxim.
Agamben, G., 2015. Stasis. Civil War as a Political Paradigm (Homo sacer, II, 2). Translated by N. Heron. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Berne, E., 1964. Games People Play: The Psychology of Human Relationships. New York: Grove Press....
Non-translation and translation in Heidegger, Losev, and Ortega y Gasset
The article examines the ideas of Heidegger, Losev, and Ortega y Gasset regarding the possibility and necessity of translating philosophical texts. The concept of non-translation is an acknowledgment of the impossibility of adequately reproducing a philosophical text in another language while preserving its integrity. Particularly interesting for comparison are the concepts and practices of translation/non-translation found in works written during the same period (1920—1940s), which reveal numerous...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
... of the saturation and exhaustion of opportunities for the extensive growth of publication activities.
One of the most recent publications assessing the efficiency of the Russian region’s innovation systems is the contribution by Stepan Zemtsov and Maxim Kotsemir [25]. They examined the period between 1998 and 2012, which we consider only partially, and focused on assessing regional innovations and advances and technology, whilst we concentrate on research. These two areas, however, are closely ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
This article deals with the problem of assessing and interpreting expansionist elements in Poland’s international political behaviour. The problem is approached using the concept of the strategic culture of states, which covers beliefs, perceptions, and the language states use to describe their own and other countries’ actions. The study examines what expansionist types of strategic culture have developed in Poland, how relevant they are in the current political landscape, and describes their...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
The Russian food market has been a fascinating subject for researchers investigating food security risks and ways to mitigate them since the embargo was imposed in 2014. The Kaliningrad region, an exclave of Russia, responded more sensitively to the restrictions than any other territory of the country due to the heavy dependence of its food market on imported finished products and raw materials, as well as the transit from Russia via third countries. This study aims to explore how the consumer preferences...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
This article offers a new approach to evaluating the significance of cross-border tourism for residents of the border region of Karelia amid COVID-19 restrictions. The work draws on data of a municipal-level survey of the region’s population (575 people), conducted by the author in collaboration with Dr Ekaterina Shlapeko in 2021. Analysis of the survey results has confirmed the customariness of cross-border tourist mobility for the Karelians and the essential role it plays in their lives. These...
Macrophytes of the Russian part of the Kaliningrad Bay / Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea basin)
The authors study the modern composition of the macrophyte flora of the Kaliningrad Bay (The Russian part of the Vistula Lagoon), which includes 116 species: 96 species of vascular plants and 20 species of macroalgae. Only 39 species of macrophytes were found in 2021, i. e., 19 species of higher plants and 20 species of macroalgae. Depending on the abiotic factors in the four hydrological regions of the lagoon, the floristic diversity and distribution of macrophytes has its own characteristics...
Peculiarities of obtaining fodder amino acids when culturing Corynebacterium on soybean melasse
Currently, soybeans and soybean derivatives are widely used for food and animal feed. A significant content of carbohydrates in soy molasses makes it possible to use it as a component of a nutrient medium for cultivating microorganisms that produce feed amino acids. The aim of this work was to study the process of biosynthesis of feed amino acids on a soy molasses medium using bacterial strains of the genus Corynebacterium glutamicum. The following research methods were used: microscopy, spectrometry...
Media fakes in the election campaign in France in 2022
In modern realities, the greatest attention is paid to fake political news in media, the purpose of which is to manipulate public opinion and eliminate a political competitor. At the moment, France is holding quite tense presidential elections, which were preceded by an election campaign using fakes. The purpose of this study is to show the strategy of candidates in the media space during the election campaign in France in April, 2022. The first part of the publication presents a conceptual analysis...
Broken Facets of Ethical Universalism. Commentary on the Book Universality in Morality
... Apressyan, are here critically examined. The book is based on the results of a large-scale study by professional ethical philosophers devoted to the question of the nature of universality in morality and the mechanisms of universalisation of individual maxims and norms from antiquity to modern ethical theories, represented above all by the analytical tradition in philosophy. Of great interest is the analysis of related phenomena in morality, which makes it possible to determine the causes and nature ...
. Increased synthesis of secondary metabolites in the culture of bearded roots of Hyssopus officinalis L
The research evaluates the effect of amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine) on the growth and content of biologically active substances in the culture of bearded roots of Hyssopys officinalis. The study of the effect of amino acids on the growth of raw biomass of bearded roots of H. officinalis showed that when phenylalanine and tyrosine were introduced into the nutrient medium at a concentration of 1 μM, the maximum increase in biomass was observed. The content of biologically active substances...