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... limitations and control over trade navigation in the open sea, the need to define the nature of vessel's activity is of utmost importance for the ascertainment of vessel's immunity. At the same time, today, the international legislator establishes two criteria of the commercial character of a deal: the "purpose" of the deal and the "nature of the deal", the latter being the crucial one. The author considers the theoretical aspects of the priority of "purpose" criterion ...

... compares different interpretations of these principles by Russian and international researchers. The article strives to answer the question as to what type of ‘public’ is meant by these principles, whether these principles can serve as a priori criteria for selecting maxims, how efficient these principles are as empirical criteria for establishing legitimacy, and whether they can be characterized as ‘transcendental’. Kant’s discourse on publicity — a result of strenuous efforts presented ...

... relevant in the context of legal training for naval cadets. The proposed component structure of the model for legal competence formation for senior ship specialists not only allows for defining the content of legal disci­plines but also developing criteria for assessing the professional and personal qualities of ca­dets that influence their legal competence. The main assessment criteria include knowledge of basic methods and ways of solving legal problems, the ability to apply knowledge in choosing ...

Signs and superstitions currently make a promising object of research in cognitive linguistics. However, they are often confused with constructs of a different nature— usually with folk magic prophecies. The article presents a set of criteria that clearly distinguish between the two. The most important criterion is the focus on action (or rejection thereof) in magical prophecies and the principled external eventfulness in signs. A sharp delineation between the two objects opens up ...

... doctrinal and legal concepts of land share and unclaimed land share, the topical issues of recognizing a land share as unclaimed. The author gives the timeline of the concept of unclaimed land share in the legislation, and indicates the change in the criteria for classifying land shares as unclaimed, as well as the complexity of the legal mechanism for recognizing the right of public ownership of them. The article also outlines the possible areas for further development of the legal regime of unclaimed ...

... juveniles. Methodologically, the article relies on general scientific methods: logical and systemic ones, the method of analysis and comparison. The author argues that mediation is possible only in relation to minors aged 14 to 16 years. The mediation criteria system is analyzed and the obtained results are based both on the theoretical postulates of the criminal process and on an empirical basis (a survey was conducted among the subjects of law enforcement agencies of the Kaliningrad region). 1....

... analysis of the system of support of motherhood and childhood in Russia were used, as well as the method of com­parative characteristic of the system of support of motherhood and childhood in different countries of the world according to different criteria. The study revealed that one of the priority national projects in the Rus­sian Federation is the Demography project, which includes many programs to support mothers and children at both the federal, regional and municipal lev­els; and the comparison ...

This article examines transformation of the social administrative resources through different historical periods. The author suggests criteria for analyzing evolution of scientific views on public administration: sociological time and the volume of the social ties. On the basis of these criteria, the author identifies the stages of cardinal changes in public administration. The optimum ...

This article offers an approach to the typology of regions based on competitiveness as an integral index of socioeconomic development. The author justifies the key criteria of systematization – the level and dynamics of competitiveness.The regions of three federal districts of the Russian Federation were grouped and competitive and problem regions were identified on the basis of earlier (2002-2011) calculated ...

... children and adults. Most researchers note relationship be­tween the size and volume of the spleen with the height of patients and the lack of connection with the patient’s weight and body mass index. Historical­ly, there is a transition from strict criteria for splenomegaly (a certain value of the length, volume of an organ, the area of its transverse section) to formulas that take into account the anthropometric characteristics of patients (gender, height). Morozov S.V., Izranov V.A., Kazantseva ...

... Renal hemodynamics in heart failure: implications for treatment // Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2008. Vol. 17(1). P. 81—92. 2. Ronco C., McCullough P. A., Chawia L. S. Kidney attack versus heart attack: evolution of classification and diagnostic criteria // Lancet. 2013. Vol. 382(9896). P. 939—940. 3. Casado C. J., Perez C. J. Organ damage and cardiorenal syndrome in acute heart failure // Med. Clin. 2014. Vol. 142. P. 26—31. 4. Saratzis A., Shakespeare J., Jones O. et al. Pre-operative functional ...

... response to the demands of technological development. These ideas underscore the need for a balanced approach to technical progress, taking into account global values and ethical principles. I explore the definitions of creativity and AI, formulate criteria for assessing creativity, and analyse recent achievements in modelling creative processes in AI. I also focus on the utilisation of various algorithms for implementing diverse forms of creative activities, including text, image and music generation....

... interaction of the individual and society. In the concept of “normative fact” he defined the being of society and embodied the dialectical interaction between singularity and multitude. In the late 1930s in his teaching on microsociology, he introduced criteria of sociability, recording individual (intensity of the fusion of individual minds) and collective (the force of social pressure) aspects of the process of social development. Proceeding from these criteria Gurvitch developed a gradation of sociability,...

... centuries. These texts first appeared in the Slavic Orthodox area in 1370, and subsequent translations emerged at the end of the 17th century, in the 18th and 19th centuries, and, most recently, in contemporary times. The authors introduce a set of criteria that facilitate the differentiation of the analyzed texts into distinct types of text transmission, namely transposition, retelling, and translation. These criteria are founded on factors such as the dominant translation strategy, the approach ...

... Kantianism and Anti-Kantianism in Russian Revolutionary Thought. Con-Textos Kantianos. International Journal of Philosophy, 8, pp. 218-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2331766 Dmitrieva, N. A., 2007a. Philosophy of Humanism and Enlightenment: Criteria, Specificity, and Problems of Russian Neo-Kantianism. Filosofskie nauki, 1, pp. 101-119. (In Rus.) Dmitrieva, N. A., 2007b. Russkoe neokantianstvo: “Marburg” v Rossii [Russian Neo-Kantianism: “Marburg” in Russia]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In ...

In the article, in the context of a systematic approach, views on the understanding of defects in law and the law are presented and analyzed, and the lack of a unified methodological basis for defining the concept of a defect in law is revealed. The criteria are formulated to identify the presence of a defect in the criminal procedure law. After studying the various views of scientists on the prospects for the development of the theory of legislative defects, taking into account the specifics and ...

... resins or their physical and chemical properties. Instead, the focus is on classification systems used for practical production and commercial purposes during amber extraction, sorting, processing, and trade. Three fundamental levels of classification criteria for raw amber are identified: (a) weight or size, (b) stone structure (monolithic versus layered, presence or absence of cracks and impurities), and (c) decorative properties (natural shape, color range, and transparency). Additionally, the presence ...

... maximum degree of accuracy what is “seen” in consciousness. This model inevitably considers words to be “markers” or “labels” which have no intrinsic power. The problem with this approach is, first, that it is impossible to determine the criteria by which this or that word should be considered adequate. Second, this approach leads to the creation of ever new philosophical languages which simultaneously challenge the tradition and yet claim to be a renewed version of it. It is shown that ...

... are observed. Based on the provisions related to compensation for violations of the principle of reasonable timeframes during court proceedings, a conclusion was drawn regarding the essence of these provisions, which allows for an evaluation of the criteria of reasonableness outlined by the legislator and the identification of methods for their assessment. Tkacheva N.V. criminal proceedings, reasonable time, participant in the court proceedings, the principle of criminal proceedings 5-18 ...