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... Moscow Region], Demoscope Weekly, no. 575—576, available at: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2013/0575/analit03.php (accessed: 201.10.2013). 20. Berry, B. J. L. (ed.), 1976, Urbanization and Counterarbanization, Beverly Hills. 21. Friedmann, J. 1972, A general theory of polarized development. In Growth centers in regional economic development, N. Y. 22. Geyer, H. S., Kontuly, T. 1993, A Theoretical Foundation for the Concept of Differential Urbanization, International Regional Science Review, Vol. ...

... December 7, 2001, № 866 (as amended on 21.09.2013)], 2013, The Russian government, available at: http://fcp. economy. gov.ru (accessed 01.12.2013). 15. Fedorov, G. M. 2013, Obshhie i specificheskie faktory razvitija jekonomiki rossijskogo jeksklava [General and specific factors of economic development of the Russian exclave] // Social'no-jekonomicheskaja geografija. Vestnik Associacii rossijskih geografov — obshhestvovedov [Social-economic geography. Bulletin of the Russian Association of social-geographers],...

A stereotypical understanding of EU-Russia energy relations is often reduced to trade in oil and natural gas, which downplays the importance of energy efficiency cooperation. Such cooperation is promoted within the Energy Charter and its Treaty, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, Energy Dialogue, Common Economic Space, Partnership for Modernisation. However, it lacks practical development, which relates to the instability of the legal environment in Russia, insufficient mechanisms of financial...

... http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/communic/baltic/com_baltic_2012_en.pdf (accessed 10 May 2013). 4. Council conclusions on the completion of the review of the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, 2012, 3180th General Affairs Council meeting, Luxembourg, 26 June 2012, available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/genaff/131228.pdf (accessed 10 May 2013). 5. Documentation of Nord Stream project, available at: www.nord-stream....

... and types of economic integration. Key areas of research on international interorganizational networks are identified in view of the features of integration processes in the development of network processes and in the framework of network approach in general. 1. Strategija innovacionnogo razvitija Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2020 goda: Rasporjazhenie Pravitel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 8 dekabrja 2011 g. № 2227-r [The strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the ...

... policy and foreign policy decisions: a comparative analysis of Russian and American experience], 2011, Saint Petersburg, Levsha, 400 p. 5. Blondel, J. 1992, Politicheskoe liderstvo: pust' k vseobemljushhemu analizu [Political Leadership: Towards a General Analysis], Mosocow, Rossijskaja akademija upravlenija [Russian Academy of Management], 135 p. 6. Leites, N. C. 1951, The Operational Code of the Politburo, New York, McGrow-Hill, 100 p. 7. Walker, S. G., Malici, A., Schafer, M. (eds.) 2011,...

This article focuses on the genesis of and correlation between the related concepts of enclave and exclave and the scope of their use in different sciences, fields of knowledge, and everyday speech. The author examines the circumstances of their emergence in the reference and professional literature in the Russian language. Special attention is paid to the typology of the world’s enclave territories as objects of political geography; at the same time, their new categories and divisions (international...

... generated electric energy to Poland, Lithuania, Germany, and Sweden. The author concludes that the prospects of Russia’s energy export to the Baltic Sea region will be determined not only by technological, economic and market factors, but rather by the general state of relations between Russia and the EU. Moreover, a lot depends on Lithuania’s decision on the construction of the Visaginas NPP, as well as the way the EU and the Baltic States solve the problem of energy supply in case the NPP project ...

In the context of regional gas infrastructure development this paper considers the issue of energy security of the countries of East Baltic, which depend heavily on a single energy supplier — Russia. In recent years, the countries of the region have announced several LNG terminal construction projects. The European Union will provide political and financial support to only one of these projects. The paper explores the role of gas and energy in the economy of the Eastern Baltic countries. The author...

... Ignalina NPP). Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia have been striving for energy independence from Russia — the principal supplier of energy carriers to these countries. For a long time, the three Baltic States have been proclaiming their unanimity on the general European path of development. However, the reality proved to be different. The touchstone for achieving common goals was the idea of constructing a new NPP at the site of the closed Ignalina NPP. The author concludes that the joint construction ...

Marine spatial planning has been widely applied in the leading maritime countries. However, it is not so common in Russia, since the relevant legal framework is largely absent. Spatial planning shares a number of features with marine planning, especially when it comes to the tools, principles, and methods. The differences mainly concern characteristics of the planning object; principles of delineating the borders of territories and water areas; and the authorities responsible for regulation. The...