Побережья, на которых мы все живем: может ли быть единое определение приморской зоны?
- DOI
- 10.5922/2079-8555-2021-4-3
- Страницы / Pages
- 36-53
Аннотация
На протяжении всей истории человечества люди стремятся селиться вдоль морского побережья. Постепенное увеличение населения и рост промышленной активности в прибрежных районах создали предпосылки для эффекта талассоаттрактивности — социально-экономического притяжения к морю. На сегодняшний день приморские районы имеют более высокие темпы развития, способствующие миграции и притоку капитала в приморскую зону по всему миру. Ученые и политики обеспокоены асимметричным региональным развитием и возрастающим антропогенным воздействием на прибрежную экосистему, что подчеркивает важность управления прибрежной зоной. В этом исследовании мы используем пример стран Балтийского региона, чтобы определить модели приморской деятельности и ответить на вопрос: «Может ли быть единый подход к делимитации приморской зоны?» При широком определении Балтийский макрорегион почти полностью является приморским, поэтому все его населенные пункты будут подвержены влиянию эффекта талассоаттрактивности. Была изучена динамика городского населения в 128 городах 45 приморских регионов через призму различных характеристик: удаленность от моря (10, 50, 100 и 150 км), расположение в приморском регионе (NUTS 2), наличие порта и его основная морская деятельность (танкеры, грузовые, рыболовные, пассажирские, прогулочные суда и др.). Результаты исследования показывают, что для стран Балтийского региона не может применяться единый подход к делимитации приморской зоны. В целом наиболее активные морехозяйственные процессы протекают в зоне до 10 км от берега моря и 30 км от портовой инфраструктуры. Однако в случае Швеции, Польши и Латвии приморская зона может быть увеличена до 50 км, а для Германии — до 150 км от морского побережья.
Abstract
Throughout the history of humankind, people have settled along seashores. The gradual accumulation of population and industrial activity in coastal areas has created preconditions for coastalisation — the movement of people and socio-economic activity to marine coasts. To date, coastal areas have a higher rate of economic development, fostering migration and an influx of capital across the globe. Scholars and policymakers voice concerns about the asymmetry of regional development and the increasing anthropogenic impact on the coastal ecosystem. It reinforces the importance of coastal zone management. In this study, we use an example of the Baltic region to identify the coastalisation patterns in the Baltic region and answer the question, whether there can be a single definition of the coastal zone of the Baltic region. According to a broad definition, the Baltic macro-region is nearly all coastal and, consequently, all settlements are influenced by the coastalisation effect. We have studied urban population dynamics in 128 cities of 45 coastal regions through the lens of various characteristics of a coastal city — the distance from the sea (10, 50, 100, and 150 km), location in a coastal region (NUTS 2), availability of a port and its primary maritime activity (tankers, cargo, fishing, passenger, recreational vessels and others). The research results suggest that despite the strong coherence of the Baltic region countries, there should not be a single delimitation approach to defining the coastal zone. Overall, the most active marine economic processes occur in the zone up to 10 km from the seacoast and 30 km from ports and port infrastructure. However, in the case of Sweden, Poland, and Latvia, the coastal zone can be extended to 50 km, and in Germany — up to 150 km inland.
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