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... practice, and public finances are formed and spent. The methodology is based on a sys­tematic approach in order to demonstrate the whole complex of interconnected elements and the totality of interacting objects. The findings revealed the weaknesses of state institutions of the PNA, the significant influence of the executive branch and power structures, which are overgrown with client rela­tions and systemic corruption. It is noted that the state budget is formed not only from donor assistance, but also from income received internally. In fact, PNA has become a system in which plutocracy reigns supreme. The interde­pendence of the head of state,...

... potential. These subindices include pecific indicators applied in different statistical systems, in particular, those used in Russia and the EU, which made it possible to... ... scientific and technological potential of Russia (Northwestern federal district) and EU states of the Baltic region. The experimental check suggests that the methodology be... ... potencial administrativnyh i proizvodstvennyh sistem [The economic potential of the administrative and production systems], Sumi, ITD “Universitetskaja kniga”, 973...

... interested «poles of power») the total di­sintegration of the society. The subsequent entry of its part into another social system constitutes one of the options of passing through a bifurcation point. Three stages of this process are distinguished: incorporation of the new lands into the administrative-territorial structure of the recipient state, rebuilding of the social stratification in the new lands, administrative and legal unification, and deep integration. It is shown that upon the admission of Grand Duchy of Lithuania lands ...

... general professional competencies during the study of the courses “Introduction to Professional Activity” and “Theory of State and Law,” which are taken in the first year of the “Public and Municipal Administration” program. It is important to note that the study’s conclusions were formulated with the assumption that the ordinal grading scale behaves as an interval scale due to the specific method of assessment based on a point-rating system with a smoothed grading scale (where the “weights” of points are approximately equal). As a result of the study, a ...

... present article focuses on. The material for the study is collected in the Volgograd Oblast State Archive (Fund 332, Inventory 1). The linguistic and documentary analysis of business letters dating back to the middle of the 18th century, when Cossack administrative entities incorporated into the state social-and-political system of Russia, was carried out. It was aimed at determining the status of business letters in the local system of documents. There have been identified several indicators of business letter consistency, like its self-designation, the direction of communication,...