Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
... conclusion has been corroborated more than once: most migrants prefer to remain near their families, friends and social contacts, being unwilling to lose the benefits of access to familiar public spaces and the social capital that they have accumulated, probably over a long period [2]. Amongst other significant factors are psychological considerations [3], attachment to the neighbourhood [4], and weaker awareness of distant territories than neighbouring areas [5], [6].
Of some importance, albeit lesser ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... claim to a special role in the transformation of the EU and NATO: ‘[w]e will be at the centre of an EU that delivers results for its citizens’; ‘[w]e will maintain Denmark at the core of NATO and strengthen the transatlantic bond’.M<21> Probably, this ambition is linked to a change of administration in the White House and Denmark’s desire to make up for the opportunities lost during Donald Trump’s presidency. For example, Strategy 2017—2018 briefly mentions the US’ intention ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... oriented towards cross-border cooperation with Finland, had deteriorated since 2014 while the region’s major agricultural district, the Volosovo MA, enjoyed a sharp increase in income. They grew only in 2021 by almost 2.4 times in absolute terms, most probably due to major industrial investment projects in the area. The impact of the coronavirus crisis on the municipalities of the Leningrad region is not observable. Absolute income grew almost everywhere. Only two municipalities saw a fall (in actual ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... States and NATO had rejected the draft agreements on mutual security treaties handed over to them in late 2021. If the Russian campaign in Ukraine had not begun, domestic discussions in Stockholm and Helsinki regarding the necessity to join NATO would probably have continued indefinitely, and these countries themselves would have continued to be drawn into joint military activity with the Alliance, especially by intensifying joint military exercises with it. Now that Russia has crossed a critical line ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... Befragten an, dass sie sich im kommenden Jahr “sehr wahrscheinlich” oder “wahrscheinlich” gegen das neue Coronavirus impfen lassen wollen” — At the beginning of November, 55 per cent of respondents said they were “very likely” or “probably” to get vaccinated against the new coronavirus next year).
However, the published statistics during the fourth wave can be regarded as a strategy of intimidation: “Todesfall Zusammenhang” — death associated with, “Mensch sterben” ...
The peaks and troughs of Russian-Estonian relations
... involved in the practical implementation of the decisions made. Reports from the media of the 1920s—1930s and the recent decades envelops the reader in the atmosphere of those periods, giving an insight into the public attitudes prevailing at the time. Probably, this fine book would have benefited from the inclusion of excerpts from the memoirs of prominent politicians and diplomats. Although the utilisation of such narratives as a primary source has its deficiencies, they could play a useful role when ...
The sea factor in the federal regulation of Russia’s spatial development: post-Soviet experience and current priorities
... policies exhibited opposite trends at the time: maritime policy was gaining momentum, whilst the regional policy was relegated to the background: only major FTPs for the development of regions and the Kaliningrad SEZ remained in place. The reason was probably the then dominance of liberal approaches to regulation of the economy. It was assumed that a favourable macroeconomic situation would solve regional problems without any additional support from the state. The maritime policy sought to create ...
Indirect translation: Main trends in practice and research
... studies. The why questions looks into the motivations for ITr and into the historical neglect in the Translation Studies discipline. Finally, the how question considers selected details of ITr processes as well as the methods used in identifying most probable mediating texts and languages. The article ends with a brief consideration of prospects for research on ITr training. The what question concerns terminological and conceptual issues related to ITr and explores the relevance of systematic studies ...
Lutheranism in Finland: past and present
... during the Winter War, the Continuation War, and the post-war reconstruction of Finland. In the following decades, the number of Lutheran parishes and parishioners decreased. These processes were most pronounced in the first years of the 21st century. Probably, they mark the beginning of Finland’s transition to a ‘new society’ that is not based on Christian values. Similar processes are observed in other countries of United Europe. The authors establish a connection between secularisation processes ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... corridors and energy projects or assess the degree of neighbourhood between countries and their parts. In the Baltic region, one can distinguish several zones of remoteness from the sea (see below for more details). The ‘core — periphery’ scale is probably the most popular with scholars of socio-geographical phenomena, particularly, regionalisation. For instance, models have been proposed for ‘periphery — periphery’, ‘core — core’ and ‘core — periphery’ interfaces. Finally, ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... insufficient provision of goods across several categories, reduced consumption volume and shifts to cheaper and lower-quality products. Overall, the regional level of consumption is significantly below the nationwide figures [19]. These negative trends have probably redirected Kaliningraders’ focus towards pressing issues of sustenance, which are growing only more prominent amidst current challenges. For example, most of the region’s residents do not expect cooperation to involve joining forces with ...
Prospects for the development of the forest park protective belt of Moscow
... plans. To assess its current state, a system of indicators is proposed, based on which an integrated index is calculated. A detailed analysis of the indicators and the integrated index has been conducted, allowing for the identification of three most probable scenarios for the further development of different parts of the forest-park protective belt of Moscow.
Zabelin I.A., Golubeva E.I.
Ecology of the city, Moscow agglomeration, ecological functions, forest park protective belt, integrated ...
From the editor
Russia’s Baltic regions have received considerable scholarly attention throughout the country’s contemporary history, with recent years being no exception. Yet, the year 2022 — probably for the first time since the demise of the USSR — saw dramatic changes in the geopolitical standing of Russian regions, particularly the northwestern ones lying on the shores of the Baltic Sea.
Despite the many years of cooling in relations ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... creation of the EEC. The institutions of cooperation mentioned in this article do not have such a status. Brussels initially viewed these bodies as advisory and, most likely, temporary. The former stance has been was fully confirmed whereas the latter is probably erroneous. The theory of multilevel governance explains why soft integration aimed at the elaboration of a single economic and foreign policy of the European Union is not a short-term but a long-term one.
Another and more important thesis is ...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
... benchmark for comparison. But, according to our calculations, Moscow is not the absolute leader in efficiency despite the considerable increase in publication activities observed over recent years. This decrease in Moscow’s relative efficiency is probably a result of its patent activity declining in the second half of the decade,<11> as well as of the capital accounting for the overwhelming proportion of research funding.
Discussion and conclusions
This study covers a relatively lengthy ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... Anonymus wrote in the early 12th century: ‘in spite of being surrounded by all the many aforementioned peoples, Christian and pagan alike, and frequently attacked by all and sundry, it has never been completely subjugated by anyone’ [19, p. 15]. Probably, at the time, all the neighbours were considered to pose an equal threat, which is obliquely evidenced by the descriptions of neighbouring peoples and countries found in Polish chronicles. For instance, Gallus Anonymus vividly depicts the Prussians ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... ample opportunities to travel abroad. According to the survey, until 2014, more than 40 % of residents of rural areas of the Kaliningrad region did not buy products covered later by the embargo (33 % of residents of urban areas). However, one of the probable explanations for this is the unwillingness of the respondents living in the borderland with Poland to answer questions about the purchase of Polish goods honestly, especially when it came to illegal imports<8>.
The majority of residents ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... dominating eastern Poland. An integral part of ruralization in the country is suburbanization, with new urban quarters built outside cities in formally rural areas. We can call it “false ruralization” by analogy with “false urbanization”.
Another probable reason for the decline in the number and proportion of the urban population is the increase in the number of homeless, former city dwellers leaving their permanent residence and moving “to nowhere”. Homelessness is a big problem in Poland....
Changes in the structure and geography of tourist flows during the COVID-19 pandemic
... regions in Sweden saw a decrease in domestic tourism.
2
Increase in domestic tourist flows in 2021, % of 2020 values (prepared by I. A. Ivanov)
The highest rates of increase were in the border regions of Russia’s Northwestern federal district (most probably, due to the restriction for the Russians on travel to Europe). The Kaliningrad region, home to seaside resorts, benefited from the weather in summer 2021: the season was rainy on the Black Sea coast. In 2021, domestic tourism grew in all Finnish ...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... (in some countries — less than 10 %). In Russia, the value is about 77 % [5], but there are significant spatial differences [7].
The spread (diffusion) of technologies is spatially uneven, and the global risk of growing digital inequality is highly probable [8]. Differences between countries, regions, and households in access to ICT and the ability to use them grew. This limits the opportunities of a part of society to participate in modern economic processes and reduces access to modern distance ...
“Royal game” on the “royal mountain”: сhess in Königsberg
... all-German tournaments because of geographical remoteness. In the 20th century several world-class players both from among the city’s visitors (Emanuel Lasker) and local residents (Paul Saladin Leonhardt) appeared in Königsberg. Leonhardt became probably the main figure representing East Prussia at national and international tournaments after the First World War. The years of Nazism witnessed persecution of local chess players of Jewish origin in Königsberg. Chess life of the city itself remained ...
On the history of graph theory. Origin
...
— asterisms and arrangements of stars of constellations can be both “minimal“ trees and graphs with cycles;
— figures and regions of constellations in the starry sky are hypergraphs.
The authors proposed the year 1542 as the year of the probable appearance of the Konigsberg bridges problem. The authors believe that the first report on graph theory was made by Leonhard Euler in 1735 at a Conference of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and is devoted to the Konigsberg bridges problem....
Historical perspective on the word gospoda as a form of address
... before the Russian Revolution to address a mixed company. Abandoned after the Revolution, the honorific underwent a revival in the second half of the 20th century when it was used more often to address a mixed company than it had been in tsarist times. Probably, this was accounted for by extra-linguistic factors. Special attention is given to the use of the honorific gospoda in periods of transition: at the beginning and end of the Soviet era and after the collapse of the USSR.
Balakai, A. G.,...
Kants „moralisch-bestimmter Monotheismus“ – eine an der „wahren Aufklärung“ orientierte Kritik an Lessings Ringparabel?
... But apart from the obvious affinity and agreement between Kant and Lessing with regard to many substantial questions, serious differences cannot be overlooked; the frequently diagnosed closeness and widely suspected “harmony” between the two is probably also the primary reason why important factual differences and controversial aspects have so far usually been neglected or ignored in research, although they still continue to raise problems and controversies in the context of the Enlightenment ...
The ‘сool war’ in the Baltic Sea Region: consequences and future scenarios..
... transition to large-scale cooperation. I argue that the ‘cool war’ scenario is the most likely, and the other four belong to the realm of the politically possible. Although the improvement of relations with the other states in the region is not very probable, Russia will benefit from taking every possible step towards it.
Khudoley K. K.
10.5922/2079-8555-2019-3-1
4-24
Baltic Sea region, cool war, Cold War, foreign policy of Russia, USA, NATO, European Union
‘What can be described can happen too…’: describing text semantics as a model structure of transworld relationships
... integrating both approaches. I consider the correlation between the mechanisms of text coherence, on the one hand, and the relationships of transworld accessibility and of the identification of described individuals across possible worlds, on the other. Probably, the variety of cohesion mechanisms does not make it possible to use a single identification mechanism and requires taking into account various competing approaches. I illustrate the above conclusions, using Pushkin’s draft ‘If I were Tsar…’
...
Vegetation succession in Svinoye Bog (south of the Curonian spit, Russia)
In this article, we present an analysis of the taxonomic diversity of plant macro-remnants retrieved from the peat deposits of Svinoye Bog in the southern part of the Curonian Spit, Russia. The initial mire formation stage is probably associated with the alder carrs and stretches of Phragmites, which were successively replaced by fen, transition mire, and raised bog communities. Based on a diagram of the botanical composition of peat, we identified eight stages of the formation ...
On the benthic foraminifera species of Alabaminella weddellensis and Epistominella exigua in paleo-oceanologic reconstructions
..., remote from the upwelling regions and located outside the seasonal ice cove zones. It is shown that unlike E. exigua, the maximal content of the species A. weddellensis corresponds to the intervals characterized by increased species diversity and, probably, more productive conditions.
1. Кулешова Л. А., Овсепян Е. А., Иванова Е. В. Палеоокеанологические условия в юго-западной части Атлантического океана ...
An assessment of drought conditions in Ukraine in the end of the 20th the beginning of the 21st centuries
The drought conditions in the 1995—2012 vegetation period in Ukraine are estimated using the fields of Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC). The analog method helps identify the most probable seasonal and monthly SHC fields. The lowest SHC values are observed in the steppe regions and Crimea. Frequency of drought months reaches 60—70 % in the southern regions. The most severe seasonal droughts occurred in 2007 and 2009 with a spread ...
The response of free living hydrobionts to biologically active substances of natural and anthropogenic origin
... Wen-Hung,
Wu Hua-Fang, Hwang Jiang-Shiou
и
др
.
Corals have already evolvet the vertebrate-type hormone system in the sexual repron // Fish Physiol. and Biochem. 2005. Vol. 31, №
2—3. P. 111—115.
12.
Nikitina S.
M.,
Evdokimova E.
B.
On probable response of free-living and parasitic invertebrates to BAS impact // Ecsa Symposium 42 «Estuarine ecosystems structure function and management», 16—22 September 2007. Kaliningrad-Svetlogorsk, Russia. Kaliningrad, 2007. P. 85—86....
Climate Change Impact on the Curonain Lagoon Eutrophication Level
... abundance in the Curonian Lagoon. The greater seasonal rise in water temperatures in 1990-2000, presumably, a consequence of the climate change, alongside with other factors (freshness, slow water flow) creates conditions for cyanobacterial «hyperblooms». Probably, the 1990-2000 climate warming is the cause of the eutrophication of the Curonian Lagoon, which continues despite significant reduction in external nutrient load.
1.
Александров С.
В., Дмитриева О.
А.
Первичная ...
Lessing’s Hamburg Dramaturgy in the “codes of hope” discourse of the Enlightenment
... anthropology. This German sensitivity served as the basis for Lessing’s philosophy of hope. Lessing’s “code of hope”, whose ideas developed in the “pre-critical” period of the Elightenment is based on trust in human sensibility, within which, probably unconsciously, in the conditions of newly established autonomy, he discovers the heteronomous orientation of the “compassion” and “fear” existentials underlying his theory of catharsis. In Lessing’s system, these “vertically” positioned ...