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• Key Directions of Sectoral and Spatial Changes in the Russian Industry

  This article considers major trends in the spatial and sectoral structure of national production and analyses the patterns of transformation of industrial systems into integrated industrial complexes, which show higher efficiency in transit condiétions. The author presents a new approach to studying the structural transformation of industrial systems during the transition of the national economy,...

• The boundaries of the territorial community

  ... P. Healey, S. Cameron, S. Davoudi [et al.]. Chichester, 1995. P. 92—108. 34. Antonelli C. Collective knowledge communication and innovation: the evidence of technological districts // Regional Studies. 2000. № 34. P. 535—547. 35. Asheim B. T. Industrial districts as ‘learning regions’: A condition for prosperity // European Planning Studies. 1996. № 4. P. 379—400. 36. Asheim B. T. Industrial districts, inter-firm co-operation and endogenous technological development: the experience ...

• Industrial Parks as an Instrument of Import Substitution Policy in the Region

  The article analyses trends of industrial development in the Kaliningrad region in the context of import substitution policy, as well as main features of formation and development of industrial parks. The author structures potential risks of their functioning and described measures ...

• Clusters in the institutional perspective: on the theory and methodology of local socioeconomic development

  ... Geographical Analysis, Vol. 30, no. 1, p. 45―64. 43. Titze, M., Brachert, M., Kubis, A. 2011, The Identification of Regional Industrial Clusters Using Qualitative Input—Output Analysis (QIOA), Regional Studies, Vol. 45, no. 1, p. 89―102. 44. Vishvanath,... ... the Baltimore and Washington DC metropolitan regions in the US. In: Handbook of Research on Innovation and Clusters: Cases and Policies, Edward Elgar, p. 343―358. Gareev Timur clusters, mesoeconomics, mesoeconomic system, regional development 4-24 ...

• Market forms of industrial production organisation as “growth poles” of the economy

  ... man-ufacturing industry caused by the changing geopolitical and economic posi-tion of Russia in the world economy in the late 20th/early 21st century. The author presents an economic and geographical analysis of the development of new forms of national industrial production. It is stressed that the development of new forms of industrial production organisation has become especially relevant in the last decade, since the coun-try’s effective development requires a search for new progressive forms ...

• An economic complexity analysis of the Kaliningrad region: identifying sectoral priorities in the emerging value creation paradigm

  ... calls for changes and structural transformations in economic systems at different levels. Structural transformations are prompted by growing economic complexity. In this context, the selection of industrial strategies and the validation of key regional industrial policies is of paramount importance. Economic complexity (EC) analysis is a new effective tool to address the issue. Its application at a subnational level is, however, limited by methodological problems. To analyse economic complexity at a subnational ...

• Socially efficient entry barriers?

  ... Golovanova, S. 2014. Competition in Procurement of Capital-Intensive Goods for a Large Buyer (Lessons Learned From one Antitrust Case), Ekonomicheskaya Politika, no. 1, p. 67—89. (In Russ.) 12. Shastitko, A., Tsyganov, A., Kurdin, A. 2014, On new industrial policy and competition in Russia, Konkurentsiya i pravo, no. 3, p. 13—17. (In Russ.) 13. Shastitko, A. Y. Novaya institutsionalnaya ekonomicheskaya teoriya [New institutional economic theory], 4th ed., Moscow, TEIS, 828 p. (In Russ.) 14. ...

• The Institutional Architecture of Territorial Innovative Systems: Towards a Spatially Targeted Regional Policy

  ... Moodysson J., Asheim B. T. Nodes, networks and proximities: On the knowledge dynamics of the Medicon valley biotech cluster // European Planning Studies. 2004. № 12 (7). P. 1003—1018. 21. Delgado M., Porter M. E., Stern S. Defining clusters of related industries // J. of Economic Geography. 2016. № 16 (1). P. 1—38. 22. Etzkowitz H., Leydesdorff L. The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and ‘mode 2’ to a triple helix of university-industry-government relations // Research Policy....

• Competitive effects of low trade barriers: evaluations for the Kaliningrad region

  ... konkurentnoj politiki LPKKP [Bulletin of competition policy LPKKP], no. 7, available at: http://www.lccp.econ.msu.ru/sadm_files/bulletins/LCCP_bulletin_7_2012.pdf (accessed 1 August 2013). 6. Dixit, A. 1983, International trade policy for oligopolistic industries, Conference Papers, The Royal Economic Society and The Association of University Teachers of Economics Brasenose College, Oxford. 7. Eurostat Statistics Database, available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database ...

• The potential for expanding inter-cluster cooperation between the ship-building industries of Estonia, Finland, and North-West Russia

  ... Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., Maskell, P. 2004, Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation, Progress in Human Geography, Vol. 28, no. 1, p. 31—56. 5. Chiaroni, D. Chiesa, V. 2006, Forms of creation of industrial clusters in biotechnology, Technovation, no. 26, p. 1064—1076. 6. Doing Business in St. Petersburg 2011, Shipbuilding cluster, 2011, available at: http://www.doingbusiness.ru/shipbuilding/clusters-business-sectors/shipbuildingcluster/item ...

• Trade Liberalisation and its Impact on Regional Development: Theoretical and Experimental Studies

  The existing theoretical and empirical literature focusing on interconnections between international trade, trade liberalisation, and economic development provides ample evidence pertaining to nations and industries. However, another dimension of trade liberalisation — the assessment of the level of national or regional development — needs further research. This article sets out to analyse theoretical and empirical research works focusing on a varied ...

• Negative externalities and sustainability of energy sector

  The article evaluates negative externalities of the electricity industry and possibilities for the sustainable development. The concept of negative externalities of the electricity industry and evaluation and internalization of the negative externalities are reviewed from the viewpoint of principles of environmental economics and sustainable development. 1.         Arrow K. J. (1970). The organization of economic activity: issues pertinent to the choice of market versus nonmarket allocation. /...

• The dynamics of agricultural land use in the North-West of Rus­sia and the Baltic countries

  ... Hender­son J. V., Thisse J. F. (eds.). Handbook of regional and urban economics. Vol. 4 : Cities and geography. North Holland, 2004. 13. Balland P.-A., Belso-Martínez J. A., Morrison A. The Dynamics of Technical and Business Knowledge Networks in Industrial Clusters: Embeddedness, Status, or Pro­ximity? // Economic Geography. 2015. № 92 (1). P. 35—60. doi: 10.1080/00130095. 2015.1094370. 14. Barca F., Mccann P., Rodríguez-Pose A. The case for regional development in­tervention: Place-based ...

• The Amber Industry: Development Сhallenges and Combating Amber Trafficking in the Baltic Region

  This article considers the current state and prospective development of the amber industry in the Baltic Sea region. The authors identify the main obstacles to the industry’s development in Russia — poor pricing mechanisms for raw amber, an imbalance between supply and demand, a slow pace of technological modernisation, and a delayed introduction of new technologies and processing techniques. The authors identify gaps in the regulatory framework and highlight problems of legal regulation and law...

• Framework for the Analysis of Geography of Transnational Corporations Investments Abroad

  ... [Investment strategies of large business and economy of regions], Moscow. 8. Lobanov, M. M. 2010, Transformatsija otraslevoj i territorial’noj struktury promyshlennosti postsotsialisticheskih stran Tsentral’no-Vostochnoj Jevropy [Transformation of industrial and territorial structure of industry of post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe], PhD thesis, Moscow. 9. Mironenko, N. S., Fomichev, P. Yu., Giter, B. A. 1999, Transnatsionalizatsija mirovogo khozjajstva [Transnationalization ...

• Key trends and features of the Canadian military-industrial complex during the Second World War

  ....com/Weapons/WNBR_3-40_mk1.php (дата обращения: 14.07.2017). 28. Stacey C. P. Arms, Men and Governments: The War Policies of Canada 1939—1945. Ottawa, 1970. 29. Start from the scratch. War factories rush wealth of equipment // Toronto Daily ... ... 1945. 31. The Department of Munitions and Supply. Quarterly Summary. January 1 to March 31, 1940. May 15, 1940. Ottawa. 32. The Industrial Front // Department of Munitions and Supply. Hon. C. D. Howe, Minister. Ottawa, Canada. January 1, 1942. Uchaev A....

• Structure of Production and Management of Agricul¬tural and Industrial Sector of Kaliningrad Region in Historical Evolution (1945-1993)

  The article is dedicated to the structural change in the management of the agricultural and industrial sector in the Kaliningrad region that took place in the Soviet times under the influence of both technical innovations and the change in the policy line. 1.  Гальцова С.   П. Основные этапы развития сельского ...

• Network Transformations in Economy

  ... Cooperative Strategies in International Business. Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books, 1988. 13. Cooke P. Enterprise Support Policies in Dynamic European Regions: Policy Implications for Ireland, paper presented at NESC seminar, Sustaining Competitive ... ... British Journal of Sociology. 1983. № 34. P. 459—82. 16. Economides N. The economics of networks // International Journal of Industrial Organisation. 1996. № 16. P. 673—699. 17. Ernst D., Kim L. GPNs, knowledge diffusion and local capability formation ...

• The sustainability of natural monopoly in regional markets: methodological prerequisites for an analysis

  Article considers theoretical aspects of sustainability of natural monopolies, which are the most important industries that create the general environment of functioning of regional social and economic system, thereby making essential impact on formation the region commodity and financial markets, and also on realization of a regional social and economic policy....

• Research and technology agreements in the Norwegian concession system of the 1970s—1990s

  ... petroleum and energy. 10. Meddelelse av utvinningtillatelser for petroleum paa NKS-9 konsesjonrunde, 1983, 1 March, Oslo, Ministry of petroleum and energy. 11. Raport om tekniske og industriele samarbede med utenlandse selskaper [Report on the technical and industrial cooperation with foreign companies'], 1985, 14 August, Oslo, OED. 12. Skaug, E. 1984, Oljeselskapenes samarbeid med norske forskningsmiljøer og norsk industry, Oslo, NTNF. 13. Retningslinjer for NTNF i forbimdelse med arbeid knyttet til teknologiavtaleneunder ...

• The historical aspects and current issues of the development of Russian-Lithuanian economic relations

  ... sovietisation. However, in the conditions of post-war restoration of national economy and acute deficit of material and human resources, the Soviet leadership managed not only to reform and develop a socialistic economy in Lithuania but also to turn it into an industrial republic with developed agriculture and modern manufacturing facilities, whose major industries manufactured products used in nuclear and space technologies, aviation and navigation. The research shows that the post-Soviet period led to a dramatic ...

• The features of EU energy strategy in the Baltic region

  ... leaders and EU member states in order to formulate a common European energy policy. The 2004 EU enlargement posed the problem of taking into account the features of energy supply of Eastern European countries and, especially, the Baltic States. The energy industries of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as other Eastern European and CIS countries, are closely related to the energy industry of the Russian Federation. Trying to allow for this circumstance, EU leaders and energy structures took a number ...

• Russia’s energy policy in the Baltic region: a geoeconomic approach

  This article analyses certain issues of implementation of Russian energy policy in the Baltic region fr om the geoeconomic perspective. The purpose of the study is to explain Russian energy policy in the region as dependent solely on the import capacity of its partners. Russian energy policy is viewed as one of the most important activities of the state and its business structures. As such it aims to achieve both general economic goals (generation of profit, market domination) and more specific geoeconomic...

• When and why regional clusters become basic building blocks of modern economy

  ... central place among various types of business networks and have a comparative edge making them key building blocks of the modern industrial landscape. Further, we explain how the innovation capacity of clusters is affected by network synergy effects arising ... ... triple-helix pattern of collaboration among their participants. Finally, we draw conclusions regarding national cluster supporting policies, including those applied in modern Russia. Smorodinskaya N. V., Katukov D. D. innovation clusters, cluster initiatives,...

• The key problems and dimensions of financial policy for small businesses

  This article reveals the key problems in the activity of small enterprises in Russia in view of the stage of enterprise’s life cycle of and its industry features. The author identifies the areas of formation and implementation of financial policies in small business. 1. О развитии малого и среднего предпринимательства в Российской Федерации : федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 24 ...

• The role of International trade in improving the competitiveness of Saint Petersburg

  ... Media Strategies for marketing place in crisis improving the image of cities, countries and tourism destinations, Oxford, 231 p. 3. Bergman, E. M., Feser, E. J. 1999, Cluster Morphology of Regions: Analytic Options. In: Bergman, E. M., Feser, E. J. Industrial and Regional Clusters: Concepts and Comparative Applications, available at: http://www.rri.wvu.edu/WebBook/Bergman-Feser/chapter3.htm (accessed 01.09.2016). 4. City RepTrak-2016, 2016, Reputation Institute, available at: https://www.reputationinstitute....

• Residential construction and urban development policy in Kaliningrad (mid-1950s/mid-1960s)

  This article analyses various aspects of public policy in the field of urban design in the 1950s/1960s. The achievements and difficulties in solving the housing problem in Kaliningrad are identified. The process of modernization of regional construction industry is analysed. The article identifies the general and specific features of construction and development of residential areas under Khrushchev and examines the influence of new social and economic policy and the restructuring of state construction...

• Modern understanding of ‘geoeconomic position’ and the Saint Petersburg agglomeration

  ... of the geoeconomic position of the coastal region, but also to describe the contiguous geoeconomic space. The position of the St. Petersburg coastal region is of crucial importance for ensuring a steady growth of regional economy, the propagation of industrialization impulses, and modernization in the heart of Russian Northwestern macroregion. At the same time, the specific features of the region’s geoeconomic position magnify the ‘inherited’ ad acquired effects of focal industrialization and ...

• Commodity flow model for an exclave region: Rent-seeking in the ‘transitional period’ of the special economic zone

  ... 132—150. 21. Kuznetsova, О. 2001, Federal'naja jekonomicheskaja politika v otnoshenii jeksklavnogo regiona [Federal economic policies toward the exclave region], Voprosy jekonomiki [Problems of Economics], no. 11, p. 96—105. 22. Kuznetsova, О. Kuznetsov,... ... proizvodstvenno-tehnicheskogo naznachenija i potrebitel'skih tovarov iz Kaliningradskoj oblasti za 2012 god [Exportation of products for industrial and consumer goods appointment of Kaliningrad Oblast for 2012], 2013, Statistical Bulletin, Kaliningrad. 32. Osnovnye ...

• Institutional approach to assessing the transition to a circular economy: the case of the Kaliningrad region

  ... Economics Bulletin], no. 1, p. 18—40 (in Rus.). 5. Pongrácz, E. 2002, Re-defining the concepts of waste and waste management: Evolving the Theory of Waste Management, University of Oulu Oulu, 166 p. 6. Gourlay, K. A. 1992, World of Waste: Dilemmas of industrial development, Zed books, 256 p. 7. North, D. C., Wallis, J. J. 1994, Integrating institutional change and technical change in economic history a transaction cost approach. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), vol. 150, ...

• In pursuit of an innovation development trajectory of the Kaliningrad region

  Amid growing inter-state competition, national innovation policies are increasingly seeking to promote the development of regional innovation systems to intensify innovative processes ... ... regards research into their life cycle stages. Mikhaylova А. А. territorial innovation system, economic development, industrial cluster, innovation process, innovation economy, scientific and technological potential, system life cycle, innovation ...

• The pattern of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency in the cent­ral area of Kaliningrag city

  ... central part of Kaliningrad reaches con­siderable values only in immediate proximity to a high-voltage line. Magnetic fields of industrial frequency are extended everywhere and extremely uneven­ly that has been presented in the original map. Hygienic standards ... ....20170503.12. 13. Muller B. Electrosmog. Hausgemachtes Problem // Bild Wiss. 1996. № 4. P. 12—14. 14. National precautionary policies on magnetic fields from power lines in Bel­gium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. RIVM Report ...

• Clusters in the system of economic and innova­tion development of agriculture in the Rostov Region and the Krasnodar Re­gion

  The issue of regional development involves the study of growth drivers in a competitive, innovative and open environment. In these conditions, cluster forms of integration are considered as centers of economic and innovative re­gional development. The article examines a specialized agro-industrial com­plex that is developing at the interregional level on the coast of the Azov and Black Seas — in the Krasnodar Territory and the Rostov Region. The aim of the work is to analyze the actors, prerequisites...

• The development of dairy farming: forecasts and trends

  During the period of implementation of the policy of import substitution in Russia, the level of production of basic agricultural products is gradually approaching the rational rate of their consumption. The biggest gap in provid­ing the population with basic food remains in the production of milk. Only 71.0 % of the recommended norm of dairy produce is consumed. At the same time, in 2017, the level of self-sufficiency of Russia with this type of food was 84.0 % (against 90.0 % indicated in the Doctrine)...

• Motivations of Russian firms to invest abroad: how do sanctions affect Russia’s outward foreign direct investment?

  ... 1, p. 26-45. 32. Liuhto, K., Majuri, S. 2014, Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Russia: A Literature Review, Journal of East-West Business, Vol. 20, no. 4, p. 198-224. 33. Liuhto, K., Vahtra, P. 2007, Foreign Operations of Russia’s Largest Industrial Corporations: Building a Typology, Transnational Corporations, Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 117-144. 34. Iraq, 2015, Lukoi, available at: http://lukoil-overseas.com/projects/irak/ (accessed 20.07.2015). 35. Makrychev, A., Mommen, A. 2013, The future ...

• The creation of a common EU energy market: a quiet revolution with far-reaching consequences

  ... 2006//http://www. felj. org/docs/423—450.pdf (accessed 17 January 2013). 3. Geradin, D. 2006, Twenty years of liberalization of network industries in the European Union: Where do we go now? Social Science Research Network, available at: http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers.... ....eu/press/filestor/empower-demand-report. pdf (accessed 17 January 2013). 5. Vasconcelos, J. 2009, Energy regulation in Europe: regulatory policies and politics of regulation, European review of energy markets, Vol. 3, no. 3, October, available at: http://www-55.mech....

• Country Competitiveness: an Empirical Study

  ... 474—481. 2. Binda, V. 2010, Creating Nordic Capitalism. The Business History of a Competitive Periphery, Revista De Historia Industrial, no. 42, p. 205—206. 3. Blonigen, B. A., Davies, R. B. 2004, Asymmetric FDI and Tax-Treaty Bargaining: Theory and ... ..., W. H. 1997, Econometric Analysis. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 10. Harzing, A. W., Pudelko, M. 2013, Language competencies, policies and practices in multinational corporations: A comprehensive review and comparison of Anglophone, Asian, Continental ...

• Objective and subjective reasons for crisis of Russian economy

  The article presents basic reasons of world economic crisis and their negative influence on economic development of Russia including Kaliningrad region. One could find substantiation of forming new financialeconomic model as long-term development program for Russia. 1. Макиавелли Н. Князь. Минск, 2000. Kuznetsova I. S. economic crisis, economic policy, stabilization fund, world market, domestic industry, Special economic zone. 33-40 10.5922/2223-2095-2009-3-5

• Equivocality in Delineating the Borders of a Cluster: The Baltic’s Case

  ... approach, which seeks to create new and support the existing nodes of a regional economic system — clusters, technopoles, industrial districts, etc., — has gained wide currency in public administration. The heralds of such forms of spatial networking ... ... study for testing our model. Latvia’s mature IT-cluster is an important national growth point. Regional and industry-specific policies should consider the differences between the cluster’s geographical and non-geographical boundaries. Mikhaylov ...

• The prospects of entrepreneurship in the formation of new hi-tech markets in the Baltic Sea region

  ... analyse the measures taken by the European Union and individual countries in order to strengthen the participation of small and medium business in R&D and innovation, describe conditions which are necessary for unlocking innovative potential, identify new industries that might become drivers of innovative economy in Europe. The authors also offer a country-specific list of basic markets, which can be developed by small and medium enterprises in a short-term perspective. In the structure of the Baltic Sea ...

• Innovative development of rural settlements of the Leningrad region

  The geography of modern innovation processes increasingly covers not only megalopolises and large industrial cities, but also rural areas. The issue of innovative development of the countryside has acquired particular prominence in the context of securing human capital and preventing the marginalization of rural settlements, though creating a favorable ...

• Transformation of global value chains in Russia and the Baltics amid Covid-19: prospects for regionalization and implications for economic policy

  .... The research aims to prove regionalisation as a viable prospect for the transformation of global value chains in Russia and the Baltics. In the medium term, regionalisation is possible as (1) part of global trends towards GVC transformation in the industries in which Russia and the Baltics traditionally specialise; (2) as a response to the long-term structural challenges faced by Russia and the Baltics in creating a new generation of internationally competitive firms; (3) as a result of companies ...

• Information metabolism and innovation dynamics in the Rostov agglomeration: the role of the coastal factor and economic clustering

  ... концепция современного города // Со­циологическая наука и социальная практика. 2013. № 3. С. 16—32. 23. Cowan R., Dominique F. The Economics of Codification and Diffusion of Knowledge // Industrial and Corporate Change. 1997. Vol. 6, № 3. P. 595—622. 24. Doloreux D. What is a maritime cluster? // Marine Policy. 2017. № 83. P. 215—220. Doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.06.006. 25. Doloreux D., Shearmur R., Figueiredo D. Québec' coastal ...

• Geography of inbound tourism and transboundary tourism-and-recreation region-building in Sweden

  ... tourism in Sweden, Fennia, vol. 194, no. 1, p. 18—31. doi: 194. 10.11143/46265. 3. Rytkönen, P., Tunón, H. 2020, Summer Farmers, Diversification and Rural Tourism — Challenges and Opportunities in the Wake of the Entrepreneurial Turn in Swedish Policies (1991—2019), Sustainability, no. 12, p. 1—27. doi: 10.3390/su12125217. 4. Demiroglu, O. C., Lundmark, L., Saarinen, J., Müller, D.K. 2019, The last resort? Ski tourism and climate change in Arctic Sweden, Journal of Tourism Futures,vol. ...

• Identifying Key Stakeholder Groups for Implementing a Place Branding Policy in Saint Petersburg

  ... gosudarstvennogo politehnicheskogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskie nauki [Scientific and technical lists of the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University. Economic sciences], no. 6 (256), p. 122—129. (in Russ.) 9. Innovative infrastructure, Committee on Industrial Policy and Innovation of St. Petersburg, available at: http://inno.gov.spb.ru/catalog/infrastructure (accessed 01.03.2017). (in Russ.) 10. Truskova, Ye. 2007, Is it easy for a newcomer to get a job in Petersburg? SPb. Rabota.ru, available ...

• Transborder regionalisation in the conditions of globalisation

  Globalisation creates favourable conditions for the formation of transborder regions through enhancing communication. This process involves industrial, transport, trade and other enterprises as well as education, culture and research institutions, which develop multiple links. The formation of cross-border regions is facilitated by the regional policy of the European Union, which encourages ...

• Regional Geographic Information Systems of Health and Environmental Monitoring

  ... of health and environmental monitoring for urban areas. Geographic information systems (GIS) are analytical tools of the regional health and environmental monitoring; they are used for an integrated assessment of the environmental status of a large industrial centre or a part of it. The authors analyse the environmental situation in Voronezh, a major industrial city, located in the Central Black Earth Region with a population of more than 1 million people. The proposed research methodology is based ...

• The potential of structural changes in the economy of the Kaliningrad region

  ... identifying the rates and criteria of structural changes, and developing a mechanism of reforming the structure of economy in view of the availability of highly specialized professionals in the region and based on the practices of developing traditional industries in the Kaliningrad region. 1. Жиронкин С. А. Объектно-субъектные основы структурного регулирования Российской экономики // Известия Иркутской ...

• Towards a Stable and Dynamic Economy in the Kaliningrad Region

  ... infrastructure. The article stresses that the abolition of customs privileges in 2016 will result in a significant reduction in industrial output, since a lot of production is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and components. It is expected that ... ... no. 2, p. 4—12. DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-2-1. 24. Shastitko A. 2009, Competitiveness of the region: content, factors, policies, Balt. Reg., no. 1, p. 10—25. DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2009-1-2. 25. Boschma, R. 2004, Competitiveness of Regions from ...

• The Coastal Regions of Europe: Economic Development at the Turn of the 20th Century

  ....ru/global_science_review/Nauka_za_rubejom_n28.pdf (accessed 12.03.2014). 16. Lavrov, S. B. 1983, Portovo-promyshlennye kompleksy v probleme vzaimootnoshenij obshhestva i prirodnoj sredy v okeane i regional'noe razvitie primorskih rajonov[Port and industrial complexes in the problem of relations between society and the natural environment in the ocean and regional development of coastal areas], Voprosy geografii okeana [Questions Ocean Geography], abstracts of the 1th Union Conference, Kaliningrad,...