The international legal regulation of the status of voluntary human shields
... human shields by the parties of armed conflict justifies the conclusion that these persons are a sui generis case and should be regarded as an exception to a number of general rules. As a result, they should not be classified as taking a direct part in hostilities and must be treated according to the principle of proportionality provided that the permissible level of excessiveness of collateral damage can be lowered.
1.
Об улучшении
участи раненых и больных в действующих ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... of that part of the expert community, the political and business elite of Finland and Sweden, who had feared that their joining NATO and corresponding war obligations was fraught with the risk of uncontrollable tension with Russia or involvement in hostilities in the interests of those members of the Alliance who are geographically remote from the Baltic region (in particular, Turkey).
Until the Nordic countries broke with their non-aligned stance in 2022, this argument provided some Russian experts ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... way [26]. Otherwise, multiple identities clash with each other and do not favour a desirable level of societal security.
Сonstructivists call for a paradigmatic change of the Russian BSR discourse: instead of perceiving the region as a marginal and hostile source of security threats, the Russian state and society should see the BSR as a region having a considerable potential for cooperation [27], [28]. According to the Russian constructivists, the BSR should have a more positive and attractive image ...
Participation of foreign volunteers in the Greek Revolution of 1821—1830
... rebels, diplomatic documents, materials of the Philhellenic committees, the press, diaries, memoirs and correspondence of contemporaries. The author analyzes the background, organization, funding sources, the nature of the participation of volunteers in hostilities. The study used historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods. The idea of the responsibility of Europeans for the fate of the Greeks appeared in the enlightened circles of Europe long before the Greek Revolution. With the beginning ...
Individual patterns of social contact network development in adolescents
This article focuses on the interconnection between the individual and typological characteristics of an individual and the features of adolescent social contact networks. It is shown that adolescents with a high level of hostility, expressed perfectionist attitudes, low self-esteem, and insufficient perceived self-efficacy have smaller and poorly differentiated social contacts networks. These characteristics of social networks can subsequently lead to increased narcissistic ...
The development of positive self-relation by means of eurhythmics
... problems: to analyse the correlation between the body image disturbance and such self-relation characteristics as time competence, autonomy, self-respect, self-acceptance, selfconfidence, social boldness, initiative in social contacts, aggression, and hostility; to consider the opportunity of psychological management by means of eurhythmics. The comparative analysis of the results of eurhythmics application proves that this method is effective in the development of positive self-relation, in particular,...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... include:
— parallel social structures;
— extremism (systematic violations of freedom of religion or strong fundamentalist influence limited freedom and human rights);
— residents who periodically leave the territory of Sweden to participate in hostilities in conflict zones [30];
— developed criminal structure.
The Swedish police reports reflected the gradation of the degree of vulnerability of areas by analogy with the division into three categories of immigrant areas in Denmark due to tightening ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... the Baltic. However, firstly, an open military-political confrontation can block the activities of almost any maritime transport in the Baltic. Secondly, as the Nord Stream explosion showed, unfriendly countries can successfully shift the blame for hostile actions onto ‘unknown terrorists’ and not provide clear reasons for retaliatory military-political actions.
When planning the development of the Baltic ports, these risks must undoubtedly be taken into account [21], [22], [23]. In this sense,...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... Russian regions in the Baltic actively participated. Russia’s participation in the transnational cooperation programme “Baltic Sea Region” has been terminated. Joint projects with the Northern Dimension Partnership have been halted. In response to hostile actions, Russia withdrew from the Barents Euro-Arctic Council in May. In July, Russia declared its decision to discontinue cooperation with the Nordic Council of Ministers. The operations of Euroregions, in which the Kaliningrad region formally ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... ‘hard power’, as distinct from states combining both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ power elements (Michael Brian, Christopher Hartwell, Wei Shanjing) [3, p. 64—75]. Another perspective within American academia regards soft power as a means of mitigating hostility towards the donor country in a specific region (William Rugh) [4]. It is important to note that Joseph Nye and his followers have criticized interpretations of his ideas as situations “without losing counterparts” [5]. Nevertheless, this ...
Semantics of abionims in S. Snegov’s novel “People as Gods”
... second half of the 20th century. Literary abionyms related to the habitats of the heroes of the work are in the focus of the research. It is noted that the space objects of the solar system in the novel retain all real names, on the contrary, the forces hostile to humanity are distinguished by invented names that reflect the specifics of their life philosophy and destructive activity in space. The significance of another literary abionyms in the novel is determined. The author comes to the conclusion ...
Conflictogenicity of digital communication forms in the aspect of linguistic security (on the comments on blogs of the Yandex-Zen platform)
... was revealed that online media content is characterized by an increased emotions, expressiveness, aggressiveness, sarcastic tone and conflict potential. Markers of aggression are most often invective; pejoratives with semantic dominants of aggression, hostility and irony; graphic selection of words, etc. Within the framework of hating, trolling and elfing, some linguo-conflictogenic elements of discourse that can be avoided in network communication were identified and described. It is concluded that ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
...
Let us consider some of the circumstances of the creation of the V4 and BA/BCM. The Visegrad group, as a regional subunit, was established on January 15, 1991. The founding documents set the task of jointly overcoming the communist past, mistrust and hostility, promoting integration into leading European organisations and bringing national elites closer together. In 1993—1998, the association was not active (3—4 events per year) since the prevailing point of view was that countries of the region ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... potential adversaries, taking advantage of barriers to trade in military goods and making use of the natural terrain to build fortifications. Within this logic, Poland had to be ready to repel an attack whilst remaining morally pure and giving no reason for hostile actions [28, p. 330—334], [29].
Such an abrupt abandonment of religion and opportunities to acquire the spoils of war was impossible since the most privileged stratum, the szlachta, strived to expand its economic influence over new territories ...
Actualization of the dialectical unity of “Friend-foe” in the ideological attitudes of G. Radtke’s novel “Die Tätowierten”
... attitudes of the GDR through the analysis of theoretical sources, the method of continuous sampling, linguistic analysis of contextual blocks of the story, and establishes the spheres of human activity that represent the rejection of the values of a hostile ideology: appearance, leisure, work, moral principles, upbringing and re-education of the younger generation in the right ideological way. A connection is established between the external and internal manifestations of ideological attitudes, which ...
Transformationen der Kantischen Postulatenlehre im „Cambridge Pragmatism“ (Charles S. Peirce, William James, Josiah Royce)
... innovative re-readings of Kant’s postulates of freedom, immortality, and God. Since Hilary Putnam pointed out — in his 1992 book Renewing Philosophy — that James’s essay, “The Will to Believe”, in spite of having received a great deal of hostile criticism, is in “its logic, in fact, precise and impeccable”, James’s thoughts are considered by many contemporary philosophers (by Charles Taylor, e.g., and by Hans Joas) as particularly inspiring. James’s approach is based on the modern ...
Hybrid texts as a form of interaction between avant-garde artistic and political discourses
This paper explores hybrid texts as a special type of text that forms within ‘inter-discourse interaction’ and relates to the ‘convergence of discourses’. The analysis focuses on the interaction between avant-garde art and political discourses, which have been in close contact since the 20th century and have common typological features. The main methods used in this study are the linguistic pragmatic method, the linguistic poetic method, and discourse analysis. The article proposes a definition...
Russia’s North-West Borders: Tourism Resource Potential
... (accessed 17.07.2016).
29. Four Corners marker 21/2 miles off? Too late. available at:
http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705298412/Four-Corners-marker-212-miles-off-Too-late.html?pg=all
(accessed: 24.06.2016).
30. Gelbman, A., Timothy, D. J. 2010, From hostile boundaries to tourist attractions, Current issues in tourism, Vol. 13, no. 3, p. 239―259.
31. Kosonen, M., Pohjonen, J. 1994, Isänmaan portinvartijat. Suomen rajojen vartiointi 1918—1994, Otava, Helsinki, p. 451.
32. Löytynoja, T.2007, ...
Personal determinants of somatic reactions in adolescents
... of dysfunctional personal characteristics and the severity of somatic symptoms in the adolescent population. Multiple regression analysis demonstrates that a high degree of somatic reactions are typical of adolescents with emotional instability and a hostile view of the world. The author proves a "buffer" role of social support; partial leveling of dysfunctional personal characteristics can influence the degree of somatic reactions.
1. Ананьев В. А. Психология здоровья....
Family, duty, and honour in the First World War: Problems of the everyday life of the German military elite
This article describes different aspects of the everyday life of the German military elite during World War I. The author stresses the effect of protracted hostilities on professional high-ranking officers in view of their age, special social standards, and family relations. Special attention is paid to a new little-studied area of research.
1. Деметр К. Германский офицерский ...
The conflict between the types of theoretical and practical rationality in Russian philosophy and science of the 19th century
This article analyses the formation of a new type of rationality in N. Lobachevsky's works. The author identifies the reasons for hostility against the new theory of outstanding Russian mathematicians and pays special attention to the development of rationality in Russian philosophical thought of the 19th century.
1. Архив АН СССР. Ф. 1. Оп 3. № 19.
2. Вавилов ...
Cooperation between Russia and the EU in the field of innovative development of tourism: the case of the Lithuania — Poland — Russia cross-border cooperation programme
... Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community], Moscow, Progress, p. 340—366.
11. Schumpeter, I. 1934, The theory of economic development, Cambrige, Mass., Harvard University Press.
12. Gelbman, A. Timothy, D. J. 2010, From hostile boundaries to tourist attractions, Current Issues in Tourism, no. 13 (3), p. 239—259.
13. Hagerstrand, T. 1953, Spatial diffusion as an Innovation Process, Lund.
14. Sundbo, J. et al. 2007, The Innovative Behaviour of Tourism Firms — Comparative ...