Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... Poland, how relevant they are in the current political landscape, and describes their differences and similarities. To this end, the intellectual origins of foreign policy ideas prevalent in Poland (Rzeczpospolita) are traced, and the challenges of the external environment are correlated with the way they have been perceived in the course of Poland’s historical development. Two historically contingent expansionist types of strategic culture were identified. Firstly, as a medium-sized state that has ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... predominantly influenced by manufacturing industries, whose growth is supported by the region’s strategic geographic position on the Baltic coast and the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) regime. However, the region’s exclave status, which makes it reliant on external factors, hinders its development. Any change in these external factors could necessitate a restructuring of manufacturing industries. The severing of former foreign economic and social ties, the discontinuation of cross-border cooperation due ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... geographical isolation of the region from the main territory of the country necessitates transit through foreign countries during the overland transport of goods between the territory and mainland Russia. This circumstance objectively amplifies the role of external connections in the region’s developmental landscape.
The accession of neighbouring countries, Lithuania and Poland, to NATO and the EU in 2003—2004 further complicated interactions between the region and other Russian territories as they ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
... intensity of their trade relations with countries of the macro-region. Russian Baltic regions have higher development rates compared to the national average. However, they experience difficulties in their economic development resulting from negative external factors. The article describes possible ways of overcoming these difficulties by improving the sectoral structure of the economy and diversifying international ties. In this context, the development of inter-regional cooperation and the formation ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... At the beginning of 2024, most countries were involved in these processes.<1> Moreover, the challenge of growing global contradictions means that any country or some of its regions in one form or another may be a subject to direct or indirect external restrictions,<2> which can be considered as exogenous shocks to economies.<3> Therefore, the governments of most countries and regional authorities have begun to pay greater attention to economic security [1], [2]. Accordingly, it ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... practice of power/knowledge. It, therefore, claims to be more than text or language-in-use analysis: it considers the knowledge side and the power effects of discourses, the infrastructures of discourse production as well as the institutional effects and external impacts on practice emerging out of discourses meeting fields of practices. SKAD is based on the assumption that discourses do not speak for themselves but are rather brought to life in historically situated processes of interaction and institution-building ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... changing circumstances [3]. During times of crisis, regions that embrace innovative advancements tend to be more successful in navigating the aftermath of shocks. They leverage accumulated internal resources and experience to devise ingenious solutions to external challenges [4] [5]. Assessing the consequences of the 2008—2009 global economic crisis, reports from the governments of certain developed countries underscore the critical importance of innovation for economic recovery post-recession. Regions ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... while the permanent isolation of Russia may not be a sustainable endgame for Europe or the United States, its isolation could be inevitable for a generation or more [23].
As Bordachev notes, “for Russia, none of the geographical directions of its external relations is a question of survival, a necessity, but always remains a choice.” He believes, and one might concur, that Russia evaluates any foreign policy partnership based on the benefits of this choice, not as a matter of vital necessity ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... Russian territories in the Baltic region. Pronounced inter-basin differences are described with respect to the coastalisation of the population. The study also evaluates the economic condition of key Russian maritime centres and their resilience to external influences, especially geopolitical challenges. The article offers a geopolitical justification for Russia’s ongoing maritime endeavours, emphasizing the need for inter-basin, intermunicipal, and interregional integration. This integration ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... appropriate measures to eliminate them. Let us consider in more detail the methodological basis for conducting a comprehensive multidimensional analysis of the activities of the seaport as the most important border transport hub between internal and external trade flows. ISO 9000 states that efficiency is understood as the ratio between the obtained result and the resources used to achieve it. The efficiency of a company’s work can be indicated by certain indicators, which can be classified into ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... the phenomena and concepts of national and geopolitical security. The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation<2> defines national security as “a state when the national interests of the Russian Federation are being protected from external and internal threats, the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, decent quality and standard of living, civil peace and harmony in the country, protection of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence ...
Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
... within the EU, forging interregional ties, etc. [1], [2], [3], [4]. The second, negative interpretation focuses on the period the countries spent as Soviet republics, which is perceived by the majority of national elites, the countries’ nationals and external observers as a heavy historical legacy [5], [6], [7], [8]. Here, the common past eclipses the meaningful differences between the three states and precludes alternative identities from taking root. The Estonian researcher Eiki Berg described a ...
The External Economic Factor in the Development of Northwestern Regions: Institutional Support and an Impact Assessment
This research is warranted, since the Northwestern Federal District accounts for a significant proportion of Russia’s exports. The study aims to reveal the connection between the federal district’s external and internal economic development and to identify the extent to which institutional support for international economic cooperation facilitates brisk international trade. The authors consider international trade from the perspective of its procedural ...
Human rights in EU-Russia relations: a human rights mechanism
... context of formal agreements and real policy from 1994 to the beginning of 2013. The EU regards human rights as fundamental values, which serve as the basis for its foreign relations. Russia tends to consider this issue as an attempt of an ill-disposed external actor to interfere in the domestic politics of the state.
1. Программа сотрудничества ЕС-России (Тасис/ИЕСП). Официальный сайт Представительства ЕС в России. URL: ...
External studies: Status and prospects
This article focuses on the problems of external studies and explains the methods of increasing its efficiency.
1.
Бабанский Ю. К.
Интенсификация процесса обучения // Биология в школе. 1987. № 1.
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...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... sustainable development of Russia’s economy;
— factors contributing to positive and negative attitudes towards the consumer cooperative system in Russia;
— analysis of actions undertaken and devised by Russian citizens to mitigate the consequences of external sanctions;
— barriers to developing a consumer cooperative system in the new economic conditions.
The study employed multistage zoned sampling. In the first stage, zoning according to federal districts was performed; in the second, the most ...
The Problem of the Possibility of an Artificial Moral Agent in the Context of Kant’s Practical Philosophy
... the framework of practical philosophy that have not exhausted their heuristic potential to this day. First, I show the significance of the correlation between moral law and freedom. Since a rational being believes that his/her will is independent of external influences, the will turns out to be governed by the moral law and is autonomous. Morality and freedom are correlated through independence from the external. Accordingly, if the actions of artificial intelligence (AI) are determined by something ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... EU has also displayed. The most illustrative example of it is the recent Polish-Hungarian ultimatum on the long-term budget of the European Union for the period 2021—2027.<3> Integration is both a goal and a development mechanism that faces external and internal challenges. The EU countries implement their policies following a common European approach. However, this approach assumes a certain degree of autonomy for each country. In addition, the scale and diversity of the countries of the ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... established configuration of socio-cultural interactions between residents and the preponderance of traditional lifestyles ensure the relative stability of urban society. Moreover, all these factors contribute to the adaptation of the local community to external changes, now active, now passive [2], [3], [4].
The need for a comprehensive urban policy encouraging the economic development of towns and cities has been emphasised in the literature in the European context [5].
The problem addressed in this ...
Interregional and cross-country flows of labor resources in the Kaliningrad region: factors and vectors in the contemporary Eurasian context
The article focuses on the urgent issues of the labour resourses repeoduction in the Kaliningrad region as a result of interregional and international labor migration for the last years. Reducing the number of own labor resources in changing external and internal conditions for the regional socioeconomic system determines the urgency of migration monitoring and analysis. The aim of the study is to analyze the position of the Kaliningrad region in the labor migration within the transforming ...
Analytic philosophy: a historico-critical survey
... Notes on Philosophy, Probability and Mathematics / ed. by Galavotti M. C. Napoli, 1991.
17. Rescher N. The Coherence Theory of Truth. Oxford, 1973.
18. Rorty R. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Oxford, 1980.
19. Russell B. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy. Reprinted in Russell B. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy. L., 1949.
20. Russell B. Logical Atomism // Contemporary British Philosophy. First ...
Local border traffic as an efficient tool for developing cross-border cooperation
Local border traffic (LBT) is a tool for cooperation between the EU member states and neighbouring countries. It emerged as a measure to mitigate the barrier effect of the EU’s external border. In 2006, the European Parliament authorised the EU member states to conclude bilateral agreements on a simplified border crossing regime in border areas. This article analyses local border traffic as a cross-border cooperation tool. The ...
The communication of persons: Kant’s theory of marriage law held captive by pagan anthropology
The paper analyzes Kant’s philosophy of matrimonial law. It focuses on the idea of this law as “possession of a person as a thing and its use as a person”: Kant conceives marriage as an interpersonal relation in an external form of real possession, in the aspect of the objective and subjective goal of such relation, but primarily in the aspect of its legal and ethical possibility. Given the naturalistic interpretation of the constitutive act for this kind of law,...
Problems and prospects of EU — Russia dialogue on visa-free travel
... Putin President of the Commission of the European Communities and the heads of the EU member states], 2002, available at: http://www.academygo.ru/Site/RussiaEC/News/ Putin.shtml (accessed 10 March 2013).
8. 2450th Council session, General Affairs and External Relations, 2002, Brussels, 30 September, available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/gena/72321.pdf (accessed 10 January 2013).
9. Sovmestnoe zajavlenie glav gosudarstv Rossii i stran ES na sammite Rossija ...
The externalisation of migration control in the European Union: first steps towards the external dimension of the space of freedom, security and justice
... process — aside from the internal development of the European Union, they concern a significant number of third countries, including Russia. In our view, the efforts to manage the flow of migrants and asylum seekers constitute a viable part of the external dimension within the AFSJ policies. Much of this article is based on the theoretical postulates introduced by the scholars of the Paris School, a school within the discipline of security studies that conceptualized the connection between migration,...
The facilitation of freedom of movement between Russia and the European Union: prospects and legal issues
... the functioning of the European Union, consolidated version, 2008, Official Journal, 9 May, p. 115.
2. Council Regulation (EC) N 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement, 2001, Ibid, 21 May, p. 1—7.
3. Soobwenie press-sluzhby prezidenta RF ot 27.08.2002 g. o poslanijah prezidenta Rossii V. V. Putina predsedatelju Komissii Evropejskih soob-westv ...
The Northern Dimension policy: current state and development prospects
... Hod'ko, S. 2010. Novye Rubezhi, № 1 (64).
10. Еntin, M. 2006. Vsja Evropa, Vyp. 4. [online] Available at: <http://www.mgimo.ru/alleurope/2006/04/04-severnoe-izmerenie.html> (Accessed 22 July 2010).
11. Action Plan for Northern Dimension with external and cross-border policies of the European Union 2000—2003. 2000. European Council. Doc. No. 9401/00 NIS 76, Brussels, 14 June.
12. Memorandum of Understanding setting out the modalities of establishing the Northern Dimension Partnership on ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... desirable partners.<4>
Finally, in the broadest sense, the Baltic region can be expanded to constitute a Baltic regional geopolitical system, which includes not only the Baltic region in various interpretations but also geopolitical relations and external actors with significant geopolitical interests in the area [3, p. 84, 85]. These external factors include non-regional parts of the region’s major countries, for example, Russia and Germany. In this case, inclusion criteria become even more ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... minimize the damage, and in the long term, to find ways out.
To achieve this aim, elements of the retrospective method are used, necessary to understand the motives for the decisions taken by Finland and Sweden, as well as studying the role of the main external players (primarily the United States). Likewise, the key factors shaping the challenges and threats that Russia faces in light of these events are analyzed. Finally, possible scenarios for the development of the situation and Russia’s reaction ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... framework
Since the 1980s, academics have been deeply concerned about international cooperation of subnational entities. However, a unified definition of this phenomenon is still lacking. Except ‘paradiplomacy’, there are other terms describing external relations of subnational actors, such as ‘constituent diplomacy’, ‘regional diplomacy’, ‘sub-state diplomacy’, ‘microdiplomacy’, ‘multilayered diplomacy’, ‘catalytic diplomacy’, ‘protodiplomacy’, and ‘post-diplomacy’ ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... universities in Latvia. The Latvian study narrows its focus to two key aspects: firstly, the universities’ capacity to grant students access to business incubators, and secondly, the extent to which universities are receptive to collaborating with external partners such as businesses, local municipalities, and government entities. The analysis of Latvian university-affiliated business incubators offering services to students, coupled with the examination of cooperative efforts between higher education ...
Signs and senses as an epistemological problem
The semiotic problem of the triad “sign – meaning – sense” is discussed as a methodological problem caused by philosophy of external realism and the representational theory of cognition based on it. Reification of linguistic signs, along with the erroneous view of the nature and function of language as a communication tool rather than the mode of existence of humans as ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... Kaliningraders’ continued commitment to the “old” strategies despite significant restrictions.
Introduction and Problem Statement
Regional food markets are influenced not only by internal (local socio-economic and institutional conditions) but also by external factors. Some of them have a more profound effect on border regions. These include the border regime and its changes, which determine the freedom of movement of people and goods [1], as well as the price policy of sellers on both sides of the ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... between the effectiveness of anti-crisis communication strategies of public administration organizations and citizens’ perception of their reputation [48], and the dependence of governmental institutions’ reputation on the perception not only of the external but also internal audience, i. e., civil servants [49].
The study of the reputation of authorities is also pertinent from the standpoint of historical institutionalism, which regards the ‘path dependency’ of institutions as one of its ...
Changes in the recreational and tourist load on the eco-system in the conditions of COVID-19
The tourism industry of the Kaliningrad region is one of the most dynamically developing components of the regional economy. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the region's tourist volume was formed mainly due to external tourist flows. With the onset of the pandemic, there was a fear of an increase in the crisis situation in the industry, caused by a sharp decrease in the number of tourists visiting the region from other regions of Russia. The main purpose ...
Ethnic minority organisations in Russia and Poland: a comparison challenge
... criteria and Rogers Brubaker’s triadic configuration. The Russian study cases are Komi Voityr and the Russian Polish Congress; the Polish, the Silesian Autonomy Movement and the Belarussian House. The analysis of their status, activities, domestic and external political impact, localisation and role in the ‘triadic configuration’ has shown that the four cases are ethnic minority associations, and their legal status and scope of activities differ significantly. Their domestic political opportunities ...
Visual text of medieval Vladimir: the analysis of the dominant image of cathedral exteriors
... text that encodes the key parameters of the semantic organisation of urban environment. Hermeneutic presuppositions and initial cultural conditions for such an analysis are formulated. Based on the visual semiotics of Umberto Eco, it is shown that the external temple decoration of Vladimir acts both as an aesthetic object and as a semiotic construction. In line with the logical semantics of Gottlob Frege, the denotative (meaningful) and connotative (semantic) levels of coding and decoding of sacred ...
Language and the nature of humanness. Invitation to a discussion
... science which is currently in a state of stagnation. This crisis is caused by the inadequate methodology used in linguistic research. It defines the paradigm of so-called ‘normal’ science, which suppresses innovation. The dualistic philosophy of external realism continues to be the epistemological foundation of ‘normal’ linguistics, and neither mainstream cognitive science nor cognitive linguistics has been able to break away from it. The author argues that a new, constructivist epistemology ...
Regional innovation security as a coherence of multi-cyclic self-organizing: experience in building an ideal model
... dynamics. Based on logical imitation modeling, the research identifies the conditions of their highest coherence and self-regulation as the mechanisms to strengthen the cyclical dynamics of regional reproduction and achieve the stronger resistance to external fluctuations.
Within the model construction the research also proposes the hypothesis about the transfer of the Kitchin cycles’ dynamics from the innovation and technological sphere, respectively, to other subsystems of regional reproduction....
The Real Target of Kant’s “Refutation”
... a Thing that Thinks”. In: D. Garber and B. Longuenesse, eds. Kant and the Early Moderns. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, pp. 9-31.
Mendelssohn, M., 2012. Last Works. Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
Moore, G. E., 1993a. Proof of an External World. In: G. E. Moore, 1993. Selected Writings. Ed. by E. Baldwin. London: Routledge, pp. 147-170.
Moore, G. E., 1993b. The Refutation of Idealism. In: G. E. Moore, 1993. Selected Writings. Ed. by E. Baldwin. London: Routledge, pp. 23-44.
Paton,...
Economic security of a border region: quantitative and qualitative measurements (the case of the Rostov region)
... region of Russia under the conditions of geoeconomic turbulence. Using complementary methods of the economic-statistical analysis of dynamic series and expert interviewing, the author describes multidimensional intra-regional processes triggered by external economic shifts. Empirical research shows a decrease in several economic indicators and the response of the region's economy to external challenges. The Rostov region is capable of the mobilization of its productive forces while forming new ...
The formation of the narrative and the performative in public communication
... concept of speech act. At the same time, these concepts were separated according to whether a narrative, inducement, a description, or an imperative was present in the text. Similar to the narrative, the performative is created under pressure from various external factors associated with the system of public communications, to which the author is exposed, and a multitude of reasons that reflect in his or her mind external processes. All these factors and influences transmute in the course of text creation; ...
Platform Markets: Their Place in the Theory of Mesoeconomic System: Development and a Challenge to Spatial Studies
... conglomerates). I present a general theoretical framework for studying two-factor mesoeconomic systems, which is employed in a comparative analysis. A specific feature of platforms is the contribution of digital technology to the formalisation of relevant external effects and institutions, whereas economic zones are characterised by the external effects of agglomeration and clusters — by locally specific effects. Platforms are replacing economic zoning and clustering on the research agenda.
Gareev ...
Some features of external migration processes in the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia
... Migration Links with Russian Territories and Former Soviet Republics in 1992—2013 // MJSS. 2015. Vol. 6, № 6 S7. P. 181—189.
8. Rogers A., Castro L. Model migration schedules // Research report RR-81-30, IIASA. Laxenburg, 1981.
Lialina A. V.
external migration, Western borderlands, coastal regions, border regions, migration effectiveness, age-specific migration pattern
57-74
Analytic philosophy, its history, and Kant
.... 35—50.
16. Pap A. Elements of analytical philosophy. N.Y., 1949.
17. Preston A. The implications of recent work in the history of analytic philosophy // Bertrand Russell Society Quarterly. 2005. № 125.
18. Price H. H. Hume’s theory of the external world. Oxford, 1940.
19. Putnam H. Realism with a human face. Cambridge, 1990.
20. Rorty R. Philosophy and the mirror of nature. Princeton, 1979.
21. Ryle G. Taking sides in philosophy // Collected Essays. L., 1971. Vol. 2. P. 153—169.
...
Analytic Philosophy: a Historico-Critical Survey
...
17. Rescher, 1973: Rescher N. The Coherence Theory of Truth. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1973.
18. Rorty, 1980: Rorty R. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1980.
19. Russell, 1914: Russell B. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy. Reprinted in: Russell B. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy. L. : Allen & Unwin, 1949.
20. Russell, 1924: Russell B. Logical Atomism // Contemporary ...
Tourism in Border Regions: Theoretical Aspects of a Geographical Study
... obstacle to the development of transboundary tourism regions. Borders are classed depending on the border regime and strictness of tourist entry procedures. Special attention is paid to the attractiveness of state border areas. The authors identify external and internal conditions affecting tourism development and functioning in border areas. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its findings in developing tourism development programmes for border territories ...
Economic Development of the Baltic and Nordic Countries: Characteristics of Еconomic Models
... have a common interest of ensuring stability, security, and welfare in the Baltic region. This article strives to answer the question as to why the Nordic model of economic development is acclaimed internationally for the effective use of national and external resources, which is not the case in the Baltics. The Nordic and Baltic national models demonstrate that similar financial and economic performance does not translate into similar economic development results. The article tracks ten years of ...