The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region
This article focuses on the genesis of and correlation between the related concepts of enclave and exclave and the scope of their use in different sciences, fields of knowledge, and everyday speech. The author examines the circumstances of their emergence in the reference and professional literature in the Russian language. Special attention is paid ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... local populace. The principal method employed in the study is a survey of residents of the Kaliningrad region (N = 481), with its results strongly indicating that conditions for a renaissance of cooperative economic models have emerged in the Russian exclave. The region’s residents tend to express positive attitudes towards cooperation, drawing a link between economically challenging conditions and opportunities for cooperative development. Moreover, amongst respondents with personal or vicarious ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... associations, individual countries and their cores. A changed environment may slow down the development of some industries (and even cause them to decline) and give a boost to others, with these two processes constituting economic restructuring. In the exclave of Kaliningrad, heavily dependent on international trade and transit trade with mainland Russia, geopolitical changes have naturally had an exceptionally strong effect. The relationship between border functions and economic restructuring was investigated ...
Commodity flow model for an exclave region: Rent-seeking in the ‘transitional period’ of the special economic zone
This article focuses on a commodity flow model for an exclave region (CFMER). The CFMER development is aimed at identifying aggregate proportions of the exclave’s economy in the transitional period of the special economic zone (SEZ) functioning. The key method of analysis is the comparison of data on the ...
The historical and geographical evolution of the enclavity of the Kaliningrad region
This article considers the origin, development, change in the status, and extinction of enclave and exclave formations in the territory of the modern Kaliningrad region. The author offers information on their socio-economic and political features. The article identifies enclave (exclave) problems peculiar to them, including the land access (passenger ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
The Russian food market has been a fascinating subject for researchers investigating food security risks and ways to mitigate them since the embargo was imposed in 2014. The Kaliningrad region, an exclave of Russia, responded more sensitively to the restrictions than any other territory of the country due to the heavy dependence of its food market on imported finished products and raw materials, as well as the transit from Russia via third countries....
Improving Human Resource Training Policy for the Balanced Economic and Demographic Development of the Kaliningrad Region
Balanced economic and demographic development is vital for ensuring the dynamic and proportional development of the regions. However, Russia as a whole and the exclave region of Kaliningrad as its integral part demonstrate significant disproportions between the need for human resources and their availability. This article aims to assess the balance between the components of the regional system of demography,...
Geography and economy of the Kaliningrad region: limitations and prospects of development
With its exclave status, the Kaliningrad region has been drawing attention of many researchers in different fields. Yet the prospects for cooperation between the region and neighbouring communities in Poland and Lithuania, which once constituted an integrated ...
Russian Exclave on the Baltic Sea: Evolution of Exclavity and Ways to Overcome It
The author considers peculiarities of the emergence and evolution of exclavity of the Kaliningrad region. The article analyses the influence of exclavity on the connections of the region with the Russian mainland, its economic development, exclave administration, and Kaliningrad identity and examines the ways the existing ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... composition of foreign participants, with representatives from Belarus, the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina), China, and India taking part.
Presently, there are growing geopolitical risks impacting economic development, particularly for the exclave Kaliningrad region. Researchers from the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, in collaboration with experts from other scientific centres in the country, conducted studies addressing the challenges of economic security in the regions along ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
... scholarly use.
International authors have shifted the focus to security problems when investigating Russia’s relations with the other countries of the region [19], [20], [21], [25], often emphasising possible conflicts that may arise from Kaliningrad’s exclave position [26].
This study aims to explore the level, structure and dynamics of the economy of Russia’s three Baltic regions and their international trade relations in 1990—2021. Possible solutions are proposed to the problems caused by external ...
On the economic security of Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave
An exclave position makes the economic security problems of the Kaliningrad region more complex as compared with other Russian territories. Deteriorating relations between Russia and the West compound the situation. This has been especially so since 2014 ...
The Kaliningrad Region: Challenges of the Exclave Position and Ways to Offset Them
... and Russia’s response to them have had a significant impact on the Kaliningrad region. This has created new challenges and warranted a revision of the old ones. The article investigates the reaction of the region’s economy to the challenges of its exclave position and considers possible measures to offset related problems in the current geopolitical situation. The article employs statistics, regional strategies, cross-border cooperation programmes, and expert interviews conducted by the authors ...
Kaliningrad Exclave: Electoral Specificity
The author analyzes the specifics of voting in the Kaliningrad region from 1991 to 2018. The region is identified as a unique object, the example of which reveals the influence of the exclave factor on electoral specifics. The results of federal elections are viewed as a reaction of voters to socio-economic changes caused by exclave status, as well as to the policy of the federal center in relation to the region. Using calculations ...
Towards a Stable and Dynamic Economy in the Kaliningrad Region
The economy of the Kaliningrad exclave is not sufficiently stable and is heavily affected by external factors. This work aims to estimate the current economic situation in the region and explore possible ways to increase the stability of regional economy. The study employs economic ...
The innovative aspects of the fishing fleet development in the Russian exclave region
Our country has set a course for the economy modernisation on the basis of innovative development. In the post-war period until 1991, the exclave of Russia — the Kaliningrad region — showed high rates of socioeconomic development due to the establishment of a large-scale sea fishing industry. Such success rested on research and innovative activity. This article analyses the successful ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... increasing population. Its economy is predominantly influenced by manufacturing industries, whose growth is supported by the region’s strategic geographic position on the Baltic coast and the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) regime. However, the region’s exclave status, which makes it reliant on external factors, hinders its development. Any change in these external factors could necessitate a restructuring of manufacturing industries. The severing of former foreign economic and social ties, the discontinuation ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... coastal regions faced with socio-economic, transport-logistic and military-political complications has increased due to the military escalation in Ukraine. Now, these are not only the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, but also the Baltic exclave and the territories of Novorossiya. There is inevitably a shift in economic activity favouring Russia’s inland territories [35]. However, the current situation, where the sea itself as a geo-economic phenomenon begins to exhibit non-Western ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... other regional centres in the North-western Federal District (NWFD) are decreasing, with minor growth in only two of them [21]. As a result, there is no tangible growth of population in the capital cities of other regions in the NWFD (except for the exclave Kaliningrad Region), and the in-migration from the region’s municipalities merely offsets the out-migration from administrative centres to larger cities. The largest and most attractive city in the NWFD is St. Petersburg, which is a separate ...
The development of the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad in changing geopolitical and geo-economic conditions (based on the GRP analysis)
The development of the Kaliningrad region, Russian exclave in the Baltic, is significantly influenced by foreign policy factors. The deterioration of relations between Russia and the West has led to a reduction in the region's economic ties with the neighbouring Baltic States. The coastal position ...
Exclavity as a challenge and a resource for foreign positioning of the Kaliningrad region
The exclusive position of the Kaliningrad region is a fundamental geopolitical factor in its socio-economic and socio-cultural development. Given the region’s foreign positioning, exclavity is both a challenge and a resource. Guided by the principles of factor analysis, through the method of principal components, the author puts forward several theses regarding the possibilities and limitations of exclavity in overcoming foreign ...
Identification of technology transfer in industries developing in the exclave region under the influence of the “coastal factor”
The exclave and coastal position of the Kaliningrad region determines the development conditions that differ from other regions, including those of the regional innovation subsystem. The most important and integral part of this subsystem which actually ensures ...
Сoastal exclaves among enclosed territories of the world
The article studies coastal exclaves as a special type of enclave territories of the world. They are understood as territories separated from the territory of the mother country by a foreign state (states) but having access to the sea. A complete list of coastal exclaves in the ...
First results of the import substitution policy in the Kaliningrad region
The aim of this research work is to analyze the results of the import substitution policy of an exclave territory. The objectives of this research include the analysis of the development of agriculture in the exclave region, the evaluation of the food security level, the assessment of import substitution and its influence on the development of agriculture....
Kaliningrad and Crimea as Russian exclaves: similarities, differences, and interconnections
The article examines the emergence and development of Crimea (including Sevastopol) as Russia’s fourth exclave. Using the typology of the world’s enclave areas as objects of political geography, the author identifies distinctive characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea (the Crimean federal district) and compares them to other national and ...
The concept of improving the methodology of exclave region's economy management on the basis of investment programming
This article considers the concept of improving the methodology of management of exclave region’s economy on the basis of investment programming. The author suggests a methodological approach to improving investment programming management in order to ensure a sustainable socio-economic situation in the region.
1. Основные ...
Socioeconomic typology of Russia’s coastal regions
... Petersburg, 65 p.
3. Klemeshev, А. P., Fedorov, G. М. 2004, Ot izolirovannogo jeksklava – k «koridoru razvitija». Al'ternativy rossijskogo jeksklava na Baltike [From an isolated enclave - a "development corridor". Alternatives to the Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea], Kaliningrad, 253 p.
4. Pokshishevsky, V. V., Fedorov, G. М. 1988, Osnovy geografii naselenija i rasselenija v predelah Mirovogo okeana [Basics of geography and population resettlement within the world's oceans]. In: Geografija ...
On the programme of research development in the exclave region
This article focuses on the development of research in the exclave region. The authors offer a programme of research development in the Kaliningrad region. The article describes the principal lines of implementation of priorities of modernization and technological upgrade of regional industries.
1. Bil'chak,...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... terms of information and intelligence sharing.<9>
The second group of challenges and uncertainties facing Russia in the Baltic arises from its most vulnerable territories and maritime spaces. This is primarily the Kaliningrad region, due to its exclave and isolated position from the ‘mainland’. The most alarmist-minded observers in Russia (in particular, Alexander Nosovich, editor-in-chief of the Kaliningrad analytical portal RuBaltic) even argue that Finland’s and Sweden’s joining NATO ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... face of the illegitimate sanctions policies, Russian regions meet challenges that are much more radical than those described by Tatyana Nefedova [10]. Additional support measures are needed to promote the development of the agricultural sector in the exclave of Kaliningrad. This includes stimulating import substitution, which is vital for achieving food security. It is also essential to take into account not only imports being rendered more difficult but also the need for securing exports of vegetable ...
Socio-geographic approach to substantiating economic security boundaries of a border region
... economic security boundaries for a particular territory are determined by the ratio of various groups of factors in establishing the operating regime of the region in terms of its openness or closedness as a territorial system. We use the example of the exclave Kaliningrad region to identify the leading border functions, analyze changes in the economic security boundaries and propose key action areas for ensuring it.
Voloshenko K.Yu., Vitko N.V.
economic security, security factors, operating ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
... municipalities (205) and the maximum share of the rural population in the sample prompted the regional authorities to systematise the COVID-19 restrictions by setting up three zones according to the degree of stringency.
The Kaliningrad region is an exclave region characterized by a significant population density, a prominent regional centre, and a well-developed network of high-quality roads and railways. Intensive hierarchical and horizontal diffusion of the virus could have occurred here, but ...
The sea factor in the federal regulation of Russia’s spatial development: post-Soviet experience and current priorities
... industrial port complexes along major routes, submarine pipelines, offshore oil and gas extraction facilities on Sakhalin Island and in the Arctic, etc. [5]. Another major influence on coastalisation is geopolitical and situational changes: the growing exclavity of the Kaliningrad region as tensions rise between Russia and the West [9], the incorporation of Crimea into Russia [17], the economic and geopolitical imperatives of the development of the Northern Sea Route [18].
The current period, whose ...
International positioning of the region: the image of the Kaliningrad region in the media space of the Baltic states
The issue of international positioning is crucial to all exclaves, and the Kaliningrad region surrounded by the Baltic region countries is no exception. This contribution aims to describe a general strategic path for positioning the Russian territory in question. To produce recommendations on a positioning ...
The labour market of Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave amid Covid-19
The Covid-19 pandemic, which has swept across the globe, is a serious challenge to the Russian labour market. This article examines the consequences of Covid-19 for Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave and how its territorially isolated and lockdown-affected small labour market responds to drastic changes in employment, income, and consumption. Another question is how the immigrant-rich labour market will rebalance the supply-demand equation....
Managerial competencies required: a comparative analysis of Moscow and the Kaliningrad region
... managerial competencies that are crucial for the adequate and stable functioning of regional administration systems. An analysis of the components of managerial competencies and their factors is carried out to identify their status in the centre of an exclave region (Kaliningrad) and in Moscow. The study draws on the authors’ frame-based methodology (Rospatent No. 2012660535), which makes it possible to obtain objective empirical information on competency factors and their types. Sought-after competencies ...
An economic complexity analysis of the Kaliningrad region: identifying sectoral priorities in the emerging value creation paradigm
... Its application at a subnational level is, however, limited by methodological problems. To analyse economic complexity at a subnational level, a basic methodology and special software were developed within this study. The object of the research is the exclave Kaliningrad region, whose location makes it possible to capture accurate and comprehensive data on international and interregional trade. Based on the EC analysis theory and practice, the study involved the development of methods, algorithms, ...
The project "Greater Eurasia" among the factors of development of the exclave of the Kaliningrad region
... regionalization in the era of globalization. The author employs a wide range of methods — economic-statistical, economic-cartographic and graphoanalytical analysis — and critically reviews a wide body of literature on the problem. It is shown that the exclave position of the Kaliningrad region makes it difficult to justify a long-term strategy of its socio-economic development. Most of the previously developed strategies were based on export and / or import-substitution, proceeding from the advantageous ...
Geopolitical development potential of the Russian exclusive region: search for key strategy and mechanisms for its implementation in new conditions
... Especially sharply, it arose with a change in the geopolitical position of the region after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Baltic economic area. Exclavity is the most important geopolitical factor in the life of the region. The dialectic of exclave is in the discretion of not only the obstacles, but also of the development possibilities of the region. Another major factor is the immediate proximity of the European Union. Through understanding the geopolitical potential of development,...
Evaluation of GRP change in the exclave Russian region on the Baltic (1995—2016)
... Federation being average in development. A special regional feature is fluctuations in volume and branch structure of the GRP of the Kaliningrad Region, which are more significant than the average for Russia, due to its small size and, most importantly, the exclave geographic location.
1. Бондаренко Н. А. Валовой региональный продукт в оценке экономического развития региона // Ученые заметки ТОГУ. 2017. Т. 8, № ...
Foreign direct investment in North-West Russia
This article considers the socioeconomic characteristics of foreign direct investment and identifies the features of investment activities with foreign capital participation in the exclave region. The author analyses the dynamics of foreign direct investment inflow to the regions of North-West Russia and the industries preferred by foreign investors and identifies the position of the Kaliningrad region among the regions of North-West ...
Uncertainty as a Factor of Decision Making in the Context of the Exclave Problems of the Kaliningrad Region
The article analyses expert influence on decision making process. The author argues that high uncertainty increases political elite’s attention to experts under the conditions of democratic transit. The case of the Kaliningrad exclave is taken as an example.
1.
Абрамов В.
Н.
Калининградская область: социально-политические и геополитические аспекты общественной трансформации ...
Methodological approaches to scientific maintenance of branch: regional aspect
The authors consider peculiarities and methodological approaches to scientific maintenance of a branch taking as an example the agriculture of the Kaliningrad region being the exclave region of Russia.
1.
Бильчак В.
С., Дупленко Н.
Г.
Предпринимательство региона / под ред. В.
С. Бильчака. Калининград, 2008.
2.
История
сельского ...
The features of the functioning of small enterprises in the conditions of regional exclavity
This article analyzes the features of small business activity in the conditions of regional exclavity. The author shows that these conditions have both positive and negative impact on small business development. The combination of the specificity of small enterprises as business entities and the distinctive features of exclave regions and the ...
Human Resource Efficiency as a Development Factor for the Kaliningrad Economy
... Russian regions often overemphasise the role of economy. However, the quality and quantity of human resources is one of the key factors behind distribution and development of production. Human resources are of even more importance in the Kaliningrad exclave. This paper aims to increase understanding of the role of human resources in the economic development of the Kaliningrad region. The study uses the cohort component method, scenario-based forecasting of the development and application of human ...
The Youth in Kaliningrad, Gdansk and Klaipeda: Geopolitical Vision of the World, Identity and Images of the Other
This work juxtaposes the analysis of the federal discourse on the exclave position of the Kaliningrad region in 1994—2012 based on the screening by the Nezavisimaya gazeta and the results of surveys of students at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University and the Universities of Gdansk and Klaipeda using a similar ...
The Balance Model of Regional Development Management in Certain Territorial Conditions: Development and Application
... flows within the regional system, and reconciling the needs of a regional economy with the production and resource potentials. The long-term sustainability balance model – a simulation of event-based forecasting – has been developed for the Russian exclave. The authors provide a general description of the balance model, its elements and simulation algorithm. The results of calculations using the balance model for forecasting regional development are provided for three alternative scenarios for the ...
The development of Kaliningrad regional economy: A new stage of restructuring
The Kaliningrad region is developing in complicated exclave conditions, which results in insufficient resilience of its economy to external impacts. There is a need for constant monitoring of the economic situation in the region and the adaptation of the regional strategy to changing conditions. This article ...
Strategic development of a university in the Russian exclave
The article focuses on key characteristics of modern universities (global, scientific and entrepreneurial) ones. The authors discuss prospects of the strategic development of the university in the Russian exclave.
1.
Aleksandrov D.
Uchenye bez nauki. Institucional'nyj analiz sfery // Publichnye lekcii na «Polit. ru».
[online] Available at: < http://www.polit. ru/science/2006/03/ 06/ aleksandrov. html > [Accessed 5 July 2010] ...
Geopolitical transformation of the Kaliningrad oblast of the Russian Federation
... Oblast, a territory of 15,000 square metres with a population of nearly one million people, owned by the Russian Federation and located the farthest to the West, although on the Baltic Sea, ashore became isolated from the motherland and turned into an exclave. Gradually the exclave found itself first at the crossroads of different security structures and later — surrounded by one of them. Changes in the situation gave rise to the so-called Kaliningrad discourse, i. e. political decisions, academic ...