The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region
... in different sciences, fields of knowledge, and everyday speech. The author examines the circumstances of their emergence in the reference and professional literature in the Russian language. Special attention is paid to the typology of the world’s enclave territories as objects of political geography; at the same time, their new categories and divisions (international enclave, overseas exclaves, internal enclaves of different levels) are extended and introduced. The author offers a new classification of ...
Сoastal exclaves among enclosed territories of the world
The article studies coastal exclaves as a special type of enclave territories of the world. They are understood as territories separated from the territory of the mother country by a foreign state (states) but having access to the sea. A complete list of coastal exclaves in the world as well as their main comparative ...
Kaliningrad and Crimea as Russian exclaves: similarities, differences, and interconnections
... the typology of the world’s enclave areas as objects of political geography, the author identifies distinctive characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea (the Crimean federal district) and compares them to other national and international enclaves. Another focus is the evolution of both territories from the national exclaves within the USSR into external ones. The author analyses general characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea from the perspective of their enclave/ exclave status. On this basis, Crimea is classified as a ...
The historical and geographical evolution of the enclavity of the Kaliningrad region
This article considers the origin, development, change in the status, and extinction of enclave and exclave formations in the territory of the modern Kaliningrad region. The author offers information on their socio-economic and political features. The article identifies enclave (exclave) problems peculiar to them, including the land access ...
Intergenerational transmission of poverty: a challenge for Poland
... survey of 500 13-year-old pupils attending schools located in poverty enclaves. The author arrives at the conclusion that poverty enclaves in Łódź resemble neighbourhoods of relegation as conceptualized by Loic Wacquant.
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Innovations in the Baltic Sea Region and Network Cooperation between Russia and the EU
... involve the formation of transborder innovative clusters. There are high expectations associated with the formation of such territorially localised innovative networks, as the Helsinki — Saint Petersburg — Tallinn and Tricity (Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot) ... ... 2004, Ot izolirovannogo jeksklava — k «koridoru razvitija». Al'ternativy rossijskogo jeksklava na Baltike [From an isolated enclave — a "corridor development". Alternative to the Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea], Kaliningrad, Izdatel'stvo ...
Geography and economy of the Kaliningrad region: limitations and prospects of development
... dopgarantiyah SEZ residents of the Kaliningrad region], 2013, 24 July, RBK- RosBiznesKonsalting [RBC], available at: http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20130724123754.shtml (accessed 12 August 2013).
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