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... atures of the Kaliningrad region’s positions from the perspective of the mother and surrounding states. The article introduces the concept of dividing states and stresses the need to take their interests into account to ensure the functioning of the Russian exclave. The author substantiates the thesis that the Russian region is an enclave of the European Union (but not NATO) and an exclave of the Russian Federation and a number of political and economic intergovernmental alliances with Russian participation....

... explanation of the new economic geography], Voprosy jekonomiki [Problems of Economics], no. 2, p. 132—150. 21. Kuznetsova, О. 2001, Federal'naja jekonomicheskaja politika v otnoshenii jeksklavnogo regiona [Federal economic policies toward the exclave region], Voprosy jekonomiki [Problems of Economics], no. 11, p. 96—105. 22. Kuznetsova, О. Kuznetsov, A. 2006, Granica: bar'er ili stimul dlja razvitija [Border: a barrier or an incentive for the development of], Rossijskoe jekspertnoe obozrenie [Russian Expert Review], no. 4, p. 4—45. 23. Kuznetsova, О. 2011, Osobye jekonomicheskie zony kak faktor jekonomicheskogo razvitija rossijskih regionov [Special economic zones as a factor of economic development of Russian regions]. In: Geograficheskoe ...

... methods of eliminating enclave formations. Actions towards the solution of political and socioeconomic problems taken in East Prussia are compared to those taken in the Kaliningrad region. The author emphasizes the need to solve the problems of the only Russian exclave region in view of the experience of its historical “predecessors”. 1. Vinogradova, M. V. 2007, Osobennosti social'no-jekonomicheskogo razvitija Vostochnoj Prussii v 1933—1939 [Features of the socio-economic development of East Prussia in ...

..., 2013, Kaliningradskaja oblast' [Kaliningrad region]. In: Social'nyj atlas rossijskih regionov [Social Atlas of Russian Regions], available at: http://www.socpol.ru/atlas/portraits/kalgr.shtml (accessed 12 October 2013). 17. Klemeshev, A. P. 2009, Russian Exclave on the Baltic Sea: Evolution of Exclavity and Ways to Overcome It, Balt. Reg., no. 2, p. 86—97. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2009-2-11. 18. Lomakina, A. I. 2013, Social'no-ekonomicheskie aspekty primorskogo polozhenija kanadskoj provincii Kvebek ...

The author considers peculiarities of the emergence and evolution of exclavity of the Kaliningrad region. The article analyses the influence of exclavity on the connections of the region with the Russian mainland, its economic development, exclave administration, and Kaliningrad identity and examines the ways the existing disadvantages can be overcome. Methods of overcoming these disadvantages are suggested in the article. 1.   Об утверждении Программы социально-экономического ...

..., of the barrier which helped the USSR to ensure the dependence of the Eastern Baltics and domination in Poland. After the Cold War, Kaliningrad Oblast, a territory of 15,000 square metres with a population of nearly one million people, owned by the Russian Federation and located the farthest to the West, although on the Baltic Sea, ashore became isolated from the motherland and turned into an exclave. Gradually the exclave found itself first at the crossroads of different security structures and later — surrounded by one of them. Changes in the situation gave rise to the so-called Kaliningrad discourse, i. e. political decisions, academic ...

... [Fisheries of the USSR and Russia (1990—1991 — Status and prospects)], Moscow, VNIJeRH. 4. Ivchenko, V. V. 2010, Gorizonty morehozjajstvennogo razvitija rossijskogo jeksklava (ot stagnacii k vozrozhdeniju) [Horizons of marine economic development of the Russian exclave (from stagnation to recovery)], Kaliningrad, RGU im. I. Kanta. Ivchenko Vladislav, Teplitsky Vladimir 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-3-10 110-112 fishing fleet, fishing enterprises, innovative development, marine fisheries, exclave region of Kaliningrad ...

... and geographical location. This article examines several definitions of energy security employed in Russian and international practice. The conceptual and terminological features of the category ‘energy security’ are explored, with an emphasis on Russian regions. A socio-geographical approach is adopted to this end. Spatial features of energy security are identified based on a typology of relevant factors — conceptual objectives and avenues to act on. The case of the Kaliningrad region, an exclave highly dependent on external energy supplies, is examined to provide insight into possible scenarios for ensuring the territory’s energy securi­ty and the conditions for each course of events to unfold. The findings of the study suggest potential ...

... sociocultural image. The article shows the tough dependence on the foreign economic decisions of the federal authorities using the development trends of the manufacturing industry in the region as an example. The in­creased potential conflict around the Russian exclave in the Baltic slows down the convergence of regional interests in the socio-economic sphere with the in­terests of neighboring countries. Intensified relations with other regions of the Russian Federation could make up for the situation. In practice,...

The development of the Kaliningrad region, Russian exclave in the Baltic, is significantly influenced by foreign policy factors. The deterioration of rela­tions between Russia and the West has led to a reduction in the region's eco­nomic ties with the neighbouring Baltic States. The coastal position ...

... Russian government, available at: http://fcp. economy. gov.ru (accessed 01.12.2013). 15. Fedorov, G. M. 2013, Obshhie i specificheskie faktory razvitija jekonomiki rossijskogo jeksklava [General and specific factors of economic development of the Russian exclave] // Social'no-jekonomicheskaja geografija. Vestnik Associacii rossijskih geografov — obshhestvovedov [Social-economic geography. Bulletin of the Russian Association of social-geographers], no. 2, p. 195—204. 16. Fedorov, G. M. 2011, Social'no-jekonomicheskoe ...

... истоки и динамика развития // Коммуникология : электрон. науч. журн. 2022. Т. 7, № 1. С. 8—17. 31. Lialina A. V., Morachevskaya K. A. Economic Access to Food and COVID-19: New Challenges for the Russian Exclave // Regional Research of Russia. 2022. Vol. 12 (3). P. 335—349. 32. Yemelyanova L. L., Lyalina A. V. The labour market of Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave amid COVID-19 // Baltic region. 2020. Vol. 12 (4). P. 61—82. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2020-4-4....

... understood as territories separated from the territory of the mother country by a foreign state (states) but having access to the sea. A complete list of coastal exclaves in the world as well as their main comparative characteristics is given. Coastal exclaves are compared to other ones in Russian typologies of enclave regions. The author has classified coastal exclaves according to several parameters. 1. Robinson G. W. C. Exclaves // Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1959. Vol. 49, iss. 3. P. 283—295. 2. Melamid A. Enclaves ...

The article examines the emergence and development of Crimea (including Sevastopol) as Russia’s fourth exclave. Using the typology of the world’s enclave areas as objects of political geography, the author identifies distinctive characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea (the Crimean federal district) and compares them to other national and ...

....5922/2079-8555-2011-2-5. 8. Klemeshev, A. P., Fedorov, G. M. 2004, Ot izolirovannogo jeksklava — k «koridoru razvitija». Al'ternativy rossijskogo jeksklava na Baltike [From an isolated enclave — a "corridor development". Alternative to the Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea], Kaliningrad, Izdatel'stvo Kaliningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 253 p. 9. Klemeshev, A. P., Fedorov, G. M., Zverev, Yu. M. 2011, O potenciale i vozmozhnostjah sotrudnichestva Rossijskoj Federacii so stranami Baltii ...

... regional GRP is shown to reflect the post-industrial nature of its economy and are comparable with those of other subjects of the Russian Federation being average in development. A special regional feature is fluctuations in volume and branch structure of ... ... Kaliningrad Region, which are more significant than the average for Russia, due to its small size and, most importantly, the exclave geographic location. 1. Бондаренко Н. А. Валовой региональный продукт в оценке ...

The Kaliningrad region, being an exclave, needs an updated regional development strategy based on the national strategy of modernisation and innovation-based development ... ..., medium, and small enterprises. The region should become an increasingly important "development corridor" between Russian regions and the EU states situated on the Baltic Sea 1.        Зверев Ю.   М., Клемешев А. ...