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... affecting legislation, historiography, and political science. This article aims to present key approaches to studying the politics of memory and employ them to the analysis of the politics of memory on the territory of the former German province of East Prussia. The author shows different research perspectives on the key concepts of memory studies. Some researchers identify the notion of the ‘politics of memory’ with that of the ‘politics of history’, while others distinguish between them. The ...

In this article, we consider the historical aspects of the 1807—1813 situation in East Prussia and describe current Russian and international historiography of the 1813—1814 Foreign Campaign of the Russian Army and of the Russian-Prussian alliance against Napoleonic France. We conclude that East Prussia played a central role in the political,...

On the basis of war-time sources, this article reconstructs the image of East Prussia created by Soviet propaganda and considers the context of its formation. The author demonstrates the use of this image over post-war decades. Propaganda discourse is interpreted as a practice of cultural assimilation of East Prussia. 1.  Бирковский ...

... “Polish question”, which largely affected the nature of bilateral relations. The consulate documents indicate that Soviet diplomacy aspired to exploit the differences between Poland and Germany over a wide range of issues (the geopolitical situation of East Prussia, the position of national minorities, the problem of transit through the Polish corridor, the status of the Free city of Danzig, etc.). Soviet consuls carefully observed political life in Königsberg and the province. On the one hand, they paid ...

... neighbouring states and the mainland. The author reviews cases of evolutional development of enclavity and peaceful and military methods of eliminating enclave formations. Actions towards the solution of political and socioeconomic problems taken in East Prussia are compared to those taken in the Kaliningrad region. The author emphasizes the need to solve the problems of the only Russian exclave region in view of the experience of its historical “predecessors”. 1. Vinogradova, M. V. 2007, Osobennosti ...

This article analyses the reasons behind the restoration of diplomatic relations between Russia and Germany after World War I, as well as the fundamental differences in the performance of Russian imperial and Soviet consular missions in East Prussia. On the basis of the earlier unknown documents from the Central Russian archives and the Political archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Germany, the author describes the establishment of the Soviet Consulate in Königsberg in 1923 and ...

... Kaliningradskoi oblasti [The Big Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Kaliningrad Region] / ed. by V. N. Maslov. Kaliningrad. 2. Gal'tsov, V. I., Yusupov, V. S., Kulakov, V. I. et al., 1996. Vostochnaya Prussiya. S drevneishikh vremen do kontsa vtoroi mirovoi voiny [East Prussia. From ancient times to the end of the Second World War]. Kaliningrad. 3. Kretinin, G. V., 2007. Istoriya Zapadnoi Rossii. Kaliningradskaya oblast': Uchebnometodicheskoe posobie dlya uchitelei obshcheobrazovatel'nykh shkol. 6—7 klassy [History ...

... originating from Bolotov’s memoirs, the Königsberg pages of which were written more than 30 years after the events described. Bolotov’s memoirs are compared with his correspondence of the time and the archival materials of the Russian administration of East Prussia during the Seven Years’ War. It is concluded that Bolotov’s status was ambivalent. Although serving as a translator at the governor’s office, he never had an official rank. The study makes it possi­ble to clarify the role that Bolotov had ...

This article considers the features of urban restoration in East Prussia after World War I. In a difficult economic situation, the system of restoration works was clearly structured. In the interbellum, the public development policy for the province was formulated in accordance with the contemporary urban development ...

The influence of German-Polish relations on the status of the Polish national minority in East Prussia in 1918—1939 is considered in the article. 1. Wrzesi ń ski W . Ruch polski na Warmii , Mazurach i Powi ś lu w latach 1920—1939. Wroc ł aw ; Warszawa ; Krak ó w , 1993. 2. Cha ł upczak H . II Rzeczpospolita a mniejszo ...

... practical application of ideas and principles of progressive agriculture consistent with a more general area of organic agriculture. Special attention is paid to the modern agricultural practice in the territory of the Kaliningrad region — former East Prussia — and the possibilities to use the methods for increasing land fertility that were intensively employed by Prussians. 1. Seidelmann, F. R. 2003, Melioracija pochv [Amelioration of soil], Moscow, Izd-vo MGU, 448 p. 2. Kostyashov, Yu. V. 2010,...

This article considers the architecture of the second third of the 19th century in Eastern Prussia, belonging to the period of German Romanticism. The author focuses on the reasons behind the development of this trend and the role of the King of Eastern Prussia, Frederick William IV, and the architect, F.-A. Stüler, in the history and architecture ...

... examines the course and outcome of the operations of the 1st Russian Army during the second stage of the East Prussian offensive in Au­gust 1914. The author used the example of an infantry division to analyse its combat operations in the battles in East Prussia and its disbandment follow­ing the operation. The failure of the Russian invasion to Germany at the be­ginning of the First World War led to the disbandment of two divisions that could not withstand the severity of the defeat. The injustice ...

... idiosyncrasies of his literary style are emphasized. The main themes and subjects of pastor Borowski's sermons are vcarefully examined. The author emphasizes the significance of Borowski's personality for the intellectual and political life of Königsberg and East Prussia at the beginning of the 19th century. 1. Кретинин Г. В., Брюшинкин В. Н., Гальцов В. И. Очерки истории Восточной Пруссии. Калининград, 2002. 2. Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung ...

... годы Великой Отечественной войны. 1941—1945. СПб., 2005. С. 290—313. 10.  ЦАМО . Ф. УВК г. Калининграда. Оп. 954489. Д. 1. Kretinin G. front, grouping, instruction, commandant’s office, East Prussia, operation, authorities, management, states, settlements. 67-75

This article analyses the position of labour migrants from Russia in East Prussia in the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century. The author considers legal and economic assistance provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire to its citizens on the basis of recently discovered reports of Russian ...

... Albinus R. Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung. West Germany, 1985. 11.  Krauskopf F. Königsberg lebt weiter. Zieven, 1954. 12.   Фото-Краускопоф. URL : http :// www . fotokrauskopf . city - map . de / Kurilo O. East Prussia, photography, seaside resorts, F. Krauskopf. 63-69 10.5922/2223-2095-2009-12-11

... Marktbetrachtung der Ostpreußischen Zeitung Königsberg Pr. Königsberg Pr. [ca. 1930]. 31. Rostafiński J. Zagadnienie hodowli zwiezrąt domowych Prus Polskich i okręgu gdańskiego // Produkcja hodowlana ziem odzyskanych. Warszawa, 1949. Sologubov A. M. East Prussia, Poland, Kaliningrad Region, cattle breeding, plant science, artificial selection. 68-75

... Васильев В.   А. Ход боевых действий // Восточно-Прусская операция Красной Армии 1945 г. М., 1946. Kretinin Gennady history, Kaliningrad region, war, operation, phases of war, offensive, East Prussia, Pillau, spit, Frische Nehrung, strait 91-98 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-2-9

This article analyzes the memoirs of August Winnig, Reichskommissar and Oberpräsident of East Prussia, covering the time from the revolutionary events of early 1919 to the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, against the back­ground of the foreign-policy situation and inner-party struggle in the prov­ince. Particular attention is paid to the political ...

... and restoration of both objects. The history of the Cathedral and Kant's grave is examined in the context of politics of memory pursued by the regional authorities. Changes in the attitudes towards the German historical and cultural heritage of former East Prussia are traced. The supplement contains 16 documents from the State Archive of the Kaliningrad region, 14 of which are published for the first time. 1. Klemesheva, M. A. 2000, O sud'be Korolevskogo zamka [The fate of the Royal Castle], Kaliningradskie ...

The article distinguishes the specificity of the renaming of different land forms. The renaming was carried out after the former East Prussia had become part of the Soviet Union. The article has a special focus on describing minor errors, comparison of the original oronyms with the new ones, and eliciting the ways of coordination between them. 1. Петешова О. В. Способы ...

... renaming campaign are analysed. It is concluded that these processes were quite dissimilar in Poland and the USSR, which is explained by different historical pasts and different approaches to solving the problem of ‘appropriating’ the space of former East Prussia by the authorities and communities of the Masurian district of the Olsztyn voivodeship in Poland and the Kaliningrad region in the RSFSR. 1. Бродерзен П. «Позови меня тихо по имени…»: Кампания переименований ...

... ЦК и Совета Министров РСФСР о неотложных мерах помощи Калининградской области и другим вопросам. Kretinin G. food, agriculture, military sovkhozes, population, former East Prussia 75-83

... обращения: 16.07.2013). 6. Карты Пруссии после переименования 1938 года. URL: http://www.posselt-landkarten.de (дата обращения: 16.07.2013). Peteshova O. renaming, toponym, purism, Germanisation, East Prussia, National socialism. 68-73

This article reconstructs the situation of total ignorance that the Soviet settlers faced when reclaiming the alien cultural space of former East Prussia. The author analyzes the settlers' cognitive activity of cultural assimilation of new territories, which became an everyday routine and vital necessity. 1. А ну-ка, подумай! // Калининградский комсомолец (далее ...

This article examines the main stages of territorial administration system development in Eastern Prussia in terms of political, economical and social dynamics. 1. Бокман Х. Немецкий орден. М., 2004. 2. Ивановский В. Государственное право // Известия и ученые записки Казан­ского ...

... Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 5. Geografija [Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 5. Geography], no. 5, p. 16—20. 14. Klimenko, N. A., Levchenkov, А. В. 2010, Territorial'naja organizacija Vostochnoj Prussii [Territorial organization of East Prussia], Vestnik Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, no. 1, p. 119—125. 15. Kovalev, S. А. 1963, Sel'skoe rasselenie [Rural resettlement], Moscow, 372 p. 16. Kostyashov, Yu. V. 2009, Baltika, Sekretnaja istorija Kaliningradskoj oblasti. Ocherki ...

... bringing together both nobility and aristocracy and ordinary curious citizens. The reasons behind this phenomenon were the geographical, geopolitical, and cultural and historical position of Königsberg — a large provincial trade and cultural centre of East Prussia. The focus of the article is the historical and documentary analysis of the group ‘portrait’ of the participants of Königsberg meetings described in the novel Lebensläufe nach aufsteigender Linie by Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel, who served ...

This article analyses the condition of settlements, manors (Landschlösser), castles, churches of East Prussia on the territory of today’s Kaliningrad region. It is shown that almost all historical sites of this type are either ruined or close to this condition. The author stresses the need to take urgent measures to preserves such sites or organise ...

After the World War II, the part of East Prussia taken by the Soviet Union was transformed into a gigantic Soviet military base. It performed the functions of the outpost in the West on the one hand; and on the other hand, of the barrier which helped the USSR to ensure the dependence of the ...

... illustrated encyclopedic guide], 2005, Kaliningrad, 800 p. 10. Kretinin, G. V. 2002, Avgust chetyrnadcatogo [August fourteenth]. In: Kretinin, G. V., Bryushinkin, V. N., Galtsov,V. I. et al. Ocherki istorii Vostochnoj Prussii [Essays on the history of East Prussia], Kaliningrad, 536 pс. 11. Luhmanov, D. N. 2001, Jevoljucija sel'skogo rasselenija v pervoj polovine HH veka [Evolution of the rural settlement in the first half of the twentieth century]. In: Gorod i derevnja v Evropejskoj Rossii: sto let peremen ...

This article considers the literary career of the famous East Prussian poet Simon Dach in connection with the history of Koenigsberg University. With the support of the ruling house of the Electorate of Branderburg and Prussia, Dach managed to obtain the position of a professor of poetry at the university, with which both his work and life are closely connected. One of Dach’s university works is the poetic composition “Prussiarchus” dedicated to the centenary ...

... Donelaitis’s and Kant’s temporologies are similar in terms of personal responsibility for time, which both authors associate with the possibility of freedom. The ‘mystery of freedom’ is a means to combat the ‘mystery of inequity’. 1. Vostochnaja Prussia [Eastern Prussia]. 1996, Kaliningrad. 2. Gulyga, A. 1977, Kant, Moscow. 3. Donelaitis, K. 2005, Vremena goda [Seasons], Kaliningrad. 4. Kant, I. 1994 a, K vechnomu miru [To eternal peace]. In: Kant, I. Sobr. Soch. v 8 t. [Works in ...

... 103—108. 8. Строков А. А. Вооруженные силы и военное искусство в Первой мировой войне. М., 1974. 9. Федотов В. С. Полк продолжает бой. М., 1978. Kretinin G. East Prussia, military operations, annihilate enemy, mission, redeployment 17-22

... Insterburger Brief. 1988. № 11—12. 11. Torner H. Ein Hotel erlebt Weltgeschichte // Insterburger Brief. 1963. № 1—2. 12. Davidson M. G. Kunst in Deutschland 1933—1945. Malerei. Tübingen, 1991. Bd. 1.2—2.2. Vlasov V. I Eduard Bischoff, East Prussia, Insterburg, monumental painting, Chernyakhovsk. 130-137

... изменения климата через 120 лет». URL: www.springway2013.ru (дата обращения: 14.10.2014). Barinova G., Kokhanovskaya M. climate change, monitoring, plants indicating phonological events, Kaliningrad Region, East Prussia 8-18

1. Василевский А. М. Восточно-Прусская операция // Военно-исторический журнал. 1969. № 3. С. 35—55. 2. Галицкий К. Н. В боях за Восточную Пруссию. М., 1970. 3. Егоров В. Г., Кретинин Г. В. Гумбинненская (1944) фронтовая и Вос­точно-Прус­ская (1945) стратегическая наступательные операции // Северо-За­пад Рос­сии в годы Великой Отечественной войны. 1941—1945. СПб., 2005. С. 290—313. 4. Кретинин Г. В. Летопись Победы в Восточной Пруссии, 1944—1945. Кали­нинград, 2020. Kostyashov Yu. V. 106-109

A contribution to memory studies, this work focuses on Poland’s Warmian-Masurian voivodeship. Before the war, this territory and the neighbouring Kaliningrad region of Russia comprised the German province of East Prussia. In this article, we strive to identify the essence, mechanisms, key stages, and regional features of the politics of memory from 1945 to the present. To this end, we analyse the legal regulations, the authorities’ decisions, statistics, and ...

... Brodskiego i “Nowa pocztówka z miasta K” Tomasa Venclovy // Przekładaniec: pismo poświęcone przekładom i nie tylko. 2015. № 30. S. 152—165. 5. Lewandowska I. Warmia and Masuria — Kaliningrad oblast — Klaipėda region. Three instead of one (East Prussia) // Region and Regionalism. Łódź ; Opole, 2009. № 9, vol. 1 : Historical regions divided by the borders. General problems and regional issue. P. 241—248. 6. Romanowska E. Das Kaliningrader Gebiet aus der Perspektive Polens. Vergan­genheit,...

... Калининградский комсомолец. 1988. 23 апр. С. 4, 9. 21. Якимов С. А. Дом, в котором живет история. Калининград, 2017. Fostova S. A. museum, exposition, politics of memory, Kaliningrad region, East Prussia 67-75

... exclave under transport and logistics blockade, the Kaliningrad region is increasingly seeking new areas and forms of cooperation with St. Petersburg. In this study, I consider the historical connections between the Kaliningrad region (once, part of East Prussia) and Saint Petersburg in terms of infrastructure, logistics, marketing, production, human resources, recreation, research, and education. I place emphasis on the dependence of the Kaliningrad region on Russia’s ‘hub’ in the Baltic. With ...

... exclave under transport and logistics blockade, the Kaliningrad region is increasingly seeking new areas and forms of cooperation with St. Petersburg. In this study, I consider the historical connections between the Kaliningrad region (once, part of East Prussia) and Saint Petersburg in terms of infrastructure, logistics, marketing, production, human resources, recreation, research, and education. I place emphasis on the dependence of the Kaliningrad region on Russia’s ‘hub’ in the Baltic. With ...

... Bd. 89(2). P. 72—76. 31. Zaddach E. G. Das Tertiargebirge Samlands // Schr. physik.-ekonom. Ges. Königsberg. 1868. Bd. 8. S. 85—197. Mychko E. V. stratigraphy, palvesk formation, Paleogene, Eocene, Priabonian stage, the Kaliningrad region, East Prussia, Sambia peninsula 54-61

... Пруссии на территории Калининградской области / Музей «Фридландские ворота»; авт.-сост. И. В. Кожевникова. Калининград, 2012. Yartsev A. Kaliningrad region, East Prussia, Kaliningrad archives 109-113

... certain pages of local history, which were included in thematic excursions for residents and guests of the region. In their excursions, tourist guides of that period paid a particular attention to the victorious military operations of the Red Army in East Prussia in 1945. During their tourist trips to Russian cities and the Baltic republics, Kaliningraders learned the history of the revolutionary movement there, the history of Second World War, and visited landmarks of different epochs. 1. Государственный ...

... occupations, which was more or less popularizing. It began during Kant’s lifetime and concluded with the last echoes of Königsberg culture while the town was no more part of Germany. It was an important part of the whole philosophical culture of East Prussia, and, in some sense, even a factor of self-identification. This process, with a large variety of tasks and solutions in its interlacing and intermittent threads, has played an important role at the beginnings and development of other lines of ...

Part of East Prussia was ceded to the Soviet Union after the defeat of Nazi Germany. As a result, the local toponymy changed completely. The author analyses the documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archives of Socio- Political ...

... and Assumptions]. Moscow. 6. Ivanov, Yu. N., 2006. Tantsy v krematorii [Dances in the crematorium]. Kaliningrad. 7. Peretyaka, N. P., 2016. Prichaly Yuriya Ivanova [Berths of Yuri Ivanov]. Moscow. 8. Lasch, O., 1976. So fiel Königsberg. Stuttgart. East Prussia, assault of Koenigsberg, Yu. N. Ivanov, study of local lore Novikov A. S. 30-40 10.5922/2225-5346-2017-2-3

... путь и венеды // Проблемы археологии. 1998. Вып. 4. С. 198—208. 10. Bitner-Wróblewska A. East European Enamelled Ornaments and the Charakter of Contacts between Baltic and Black Sea // Inter ambo maria. Contacts berween ... ... im 1. und 2. Jahrhundert. München, 1965. 15. Jankuhn H. Gürtelgarnituren der älteren römischen Kaiserzeit im Samlande // Prussia. 1933. Bd. 30, H. 1. S. 3—62. 16. Jankuhn H. Zur räumliche Gliederung der älteren Kaiserzeit in Ostpreussen // Archaeologia ...