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... noted that this very period registered a certain interaction between individual representatives of the authorities, in particular, control bodies, and so-called new bourgeoisie. Such relations were supported with certain remuneration which became the factor for specific Soviet corruption to emerge. It is noted that even a fairly tough political and legal regime, which is associated with the Stalinism, did not overcome organized forms of criminal activity, though that period didn’t encourage any ...

... bidders in the global gold market affected by short-term and medium-term geopolitical dis­turbances. The direction, volume, speed and time range of investments in gold are determined depending on the nature of geopolitical threats. Based on non-economic factors, the author reveals the main patterns of making trivial and non-trivial decisions on investing in gold. The first part of the article de­scribes the influence of geopolitical processes on the dynamics of the price of gold and the degree of its ...

The development of the Kaliningrad region, Russian exclave in the Baltic, is significantly influenced by foreign policy factors. The deterioration of rela­tions between Russia and the West has led to a reduction in the region's eco­nomic ties with the neighbouring Baltic States. The coastal position of the re­gion has enabled the development of foreign trade relations ...

The author evaluates different development strategies for the Kaliningrad region proposed following the region’s active participation in the implementa­tion of the Greater Eurasia project. The analysis of the strategies took into ac­count the current trends of strengthening regionalization in the era of globali­zation. The author employs a wide range of methods — economic-statistical, economic-cartographic and graphoanalytical analysis — and critically reviews a wide body of literature on the problem...

... interaction in various fields of scientific knowledge. The geography of the study is 268 cities of India and 44 cities of the Western borderland of Russia. The research hypothesis supports the assumption that in Indian-Russian sci­entific cooperation, the factor of territorial remoteness can be compensated by a similar level of scientific and technological (S&T) development and the pri­orities of national scientific systems. The research methodology is based on spatial scientometrics. The data source ...

... compliance with inquiries of its dealers, traders, collectors, adherents of prestigious consumption, real connoisseurs of art, consumers of entertainments. The article claims that the sphere of culture is divided into two sectors according to rental factors. In the first sector (primary market) production of the specific rent is possible (rent of talent, rents for rarity, marketing quasirent) that promotes rent-seeking behavior. In the second sector (services of the institutions of culture and art,...

The article describes the formation of the national territory of Lithuania during the interwar period. The author compares factors, which affected the formation of the Lithuanian statehood, analyses the country’s relations with the neighbouring states and describes the Soviet-Polish and the Soviet- German relations. A high degree of dependence on external influence and ...

... article considers the geographical aspect of voting in general presidential elections in the Kaliningrad region in 2018. Two voting features, bipolar and fragmented, have been identified through the electoral analysis. There are a number of geographical factors which have a significant impact on the voting: the power of friends and neighbors and the power of the election campaign itself. Voting results are visualized in the work by means of cartographic method. 1. Голосов Г. В., Григорьев ...

The quality of a defense lawyer’s work depends on the skills, knowledge, profes­sional experience and some other factors, but still the most efficient tool is the range of lawyer’s mandate, and more specifically, the access to collecting the evidence. The article considers the challenges of a lawyer’s work in collect­ing evidence, specific proposals to improve ...

The author analyses the process of the formation of Lithuania’s territory during the Soviet period of its history. Facts and factors influencing decisions on the territorial issues of Lithuanian statehood are considered through the prism of relations between the Soviet republics and the central authorities of the USSR. The economic development of Soviet Lithuania was a decisive ...

In analysing Pitirm Sorokin’s The Sociology of Revolution, future so­ciologists and political scientists assimilate revolutionary processes in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and try to establish reasons and factors behind social shocks. Students seek to juxtapose the consideration of evolu­tionary changes with cardinal changes in the life of society and to register the existence of manipulated and spontaneous processes. In their essays, students arrive ...

The author analyzes the specifics of voting in the Kaliningrad region from 1991 to 2018. The region is identified as a unique object, the example of which reveals the influence of the exclave factor on electoral specifics. The results of federal elections are viewed as a reaction of voters to socio-economic changes caused by exclave status, as well as to the policy of the federal center in relation to the region. Using calculations of coefficient ...

... initiative accounted for most of public spending, which increased 5.4-fold during the war years. I stress that financial incentives for involvement in combat contributed to greater professionalism and personal commitment of the personnel, which were major factors in the victory. 1. Ваулин Д. П. Интервью // Я помню : [федеральный портал]. URL: http://iremember.ru/memoirs/letchiki-bombardirov/vaulin-dmitriy-petrovich-letchik-bombardirovschik/ (дата обращения: ...

... The authors offer an algorithm of the identification of development tendencies for small and medium-sized businesses using linear equations. The medium-term econometric model of economic forecasting is based on the application of a set of dominating factors, which were previously selected. The authors present a medium-term trend of SMEs turnover in modern Russian conditions. 1. Абдуллаев Г. Ш. Математическое моделирование развития малого бизнеса ...

The article evaluates the achievements of Russian pre-revolutionary civil law as the basis for modern civil law. The author identifies the basic elements of the Russian system of civil law, which are unique in their character. The author draws a conclusion about certain similarities in defining the legal position of the state in pre-revolutionary and contemporary Russia. It is necessary to develop new concepts of state participation in civil relations. 1. Бондарь Т. В. Государственная корпорация...

... Canadian military industry in 1939-1945. The effectiveness, organisation and scale of production of aircraft, ships, armored vehicles, artillery and small arms are analyzed. The author reveals the influence of geographic, economic, home and foreign policy factors on the type of weapons produced and the volume of their production. Using official Canadian documents and statistical publications, the author concludes that the military-industrial complex of Canada showed good performance indicators during WWII....

This article examines the origins and development of the public history movement in America. Special attention is paid to analysing ideas and approaches dominant at different stages of its development and identifying factors behind changes in major trends. It is shown that pubic history has undergone significant transformations abandoning the idea of professionalising non-academic history for that of collaborative structuring of the past by historians and the general ...

This article considers preconditions for, factors behind, and incidence of malaria in the Kaliningrad region as compared to general infectious disease incidence. Another focus is the results of Soviet epidemiological research on the regional ‘malaria threat’. It is concluded that malaria ...

This article stresses the importance of a management analysis of operating activities for decision-making at a furniture enterprise. In particular, the possibility of using tools of management accounting — marginal analysis and operational leverage – is considered. The author emphasises technical, organisational, and methodological problems of cost accounting at furniture factories in the Kaliningrad region. The author provides recommendations for conducting a management analysis and developing management...

This article examines large and small peasant families in the Novgorod province and considers their common and distinctive features. The effect of economic and mental factors on family life is analysed. It is concluded that transformations in family life facilitated an increase in self-awareness and individualism in the peasant family. 1. Быт великорусских крестьян-землепашцев. Описание ...

... Ustryalov’s concept of “Russian Lithuania,” which presents the history of medieval Lithuanian as part of the Russian past. The author examines the career of S. S. Uvarov – Minister of National Enlightenment in the 1830 – 1840s, as well as other factors behind the official narrative about the “Russian character” of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The paper stresses the significance of Ustryalov’s concepts in the Russian historiography in the first half of 19th century. 1. Устрялов ...

... certain stage of the development of science – that of normal science. It is stressed that, despite differences in approaches, the theories do not contradict but rather complement each other. 1. Mamedov A. K., Rybakova V. V. Scientific problem as a factor of science development // Science and Education: materials of the V international research and practice conference. Vol. 2. Munich, Germany. February 27—28th, 2014. Munich, 2014. P. 257—260. 2. Merton R. K. Paradigms: The Codification of Sociological ...

... notion of the concept of symbolical interactionism — “a symbol in the course of interaction” – is interpreted as a wide range of meanings including, alongside linguistic structures, determinants in the form of cultural, organizational and group factors. The efficiency of management process is associated with concurrence of the personified blocks of symbols of the subject and the object of administrative interactions. The authors address the problem of correlation between the categories of “management” ...

... region – the evolution of mortality rate in urban and rural population. Based on an analysis of statistical data from archival documents, the author considers the dynamics and characteristics of mortality rate. The key mortality rate indicators and the factors behind its decrease in the first half/mid-1950s are identified; the age structure of mortality is reconstructed. It is concluded that the regional trends in mortality rate evolution correspond to the national ones. 1. Государственный ...

This article justifies the use of economic dynamics principles in the process of modelling the existing system of household waste accumulation. The authors identify a number of factors relating to the tendency of various organisational manifestations to stable equilibrium of the process of accumulating household waste in containers. The model is based on the linear proportion of changes in parameters describing the quantity ...

This article presents the results of research on motives for entrepreneur-ship. The author examines the psychological criteria for successful business, as well as the social and psychological factors whose influence increase the level of business activity. Special attention is paid to the psychological features of businessmen relating to the level of their ambitions, and the social and psy-chological characteristics of the subject of entrepreneurship....

... develop a methodology for identifying the potential at the level of enterprises. The author presents an original method for assessing the innovative potential of an organisation’s employees and a mechanism of its identification. The most significant factors affecting the innovation potential of personnel are as follows: the availability of resources for innovation, susceptibility to innovations, the organisational management component, and the socio-psychological climate 1. Абрамов В. И....

This article analyses the factors that strengthened the influence of the Christian right movement in the USA in the 1990s. The author considers the organizational changes and ideological transformation within the movement and its effect on the political process in this period....

This article considers the current problems of fight against corruption in Russia. The author analyzes the capacity of the state and society to combat corruption. It is concluded that the scale of criminal factors affecting corruption is not proportional to the means of combating this phenomenon. In the current conditions, the most effective anti-corruption measures are the upgrading of criminal penalties. 1. Клейменов М. П., Клейменов ...

This article considers the problems of studying the strategic potential of organisations in the modern conditions. The authors analyse the methods of allowing for the uncertainty factor within the programming solution development procedures. 1. Друкер П. Ф. Задачи менеджмента в XXI веке / пер. с англ. М., 2004. 2. Нельсон Р., Уинтер С. Эволюционная теория ...

The relatively rapid – however slower than forecasted — development o retail chains is characteristic of Russia in general, nevertheless it exhibits significant territorial differences. An attempt to identify the factors behind these differences through calculating the correlation coefficient made it possible to detect only one factor, whose value is close to essential: the geographical remoteness from Moscow. However, many regions of central Russia have a low ...

... trade in Novgorod and Pskov Governorates in the second half of the 19th/the beginning of the 20th centuries. The work focuses on analyzing the role of fishing trade in the peasant agriculture. The article describes the socioeconomic and environmental factors contributing to the spread of fishing in the Governorates. The author gives a brief description of fishing equipment used by peasants and emphasizes the wide spread of fishing cooperatives. It is shown that capitalism penetrated the trade when ...

This article considers the events of the 1930—1940s in the Baltics. The authors analyse changes in the political systems and international priorities of the ruling elites of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The influence of domestic factors on solving the problem of independence preservation in the conditions of world war is identified. 1. Anušauskas A. Teroras ir nusikaltimai žmoniškumui. Pirmoji sovietinė okupacija. Terror and Crimes against Humanity. The First Soviet Occupation....

... 1996. № 7. P. 428—443. 19. Nan L., Vaughn J., Ensel W. Social Resources and Occupational Status Attainment // Social Forces. 1981. Vol. 59. P. 1163—1181. 20. Nan L., Vaughn J., Ensel W. Social Resources and the Strength of Weak Ties: Structural Factors in Occupational Status Attainment // American Sociological Review. 1981. Vol. 46. P. 393—405. 21. Miles R. E., Snow C. C. Causes of failures in network organizations // California Management Review. 1992. Vol. 34, № 4. P. 53—72. 22. Podolny ...

... the development of electronic form of culture. Particular emphasis is placed on the philosophical and sociological study of the phenomenon, which has been pronounced since the second half of the 20th century. The author considers the conditions and factors of the interdisciplinary approach to studying electronic culture. 1. Маклюэн М. Понимание медиа: внешние расширения человека М., 2007. 2. Электронная культура. URL: http:// ...

This article presents generalized approaches to the concept of organizational changes. The main factors of internal and external environment influencing the introduction of changes at a construction company are identified and grouped. A factor analysis is performed on the basis of an expert survey, the response consistency is estimated with the ...

The process of ensuring the strategic competitiveness of organisations in the conditions when knowledge assets become the decisive development factor is analysed. The author considers a number of modern research concepts striving to explain the development and sustaining of stable competitive advantages of organisations in the dynamic environment of global economy. The article explores the features ...

This paper addresses a number of pressing problems of the creation of a favorable investment climate in Russia as a major factor of modernization and justifies the need to improve the investment legislation. The investment potential of Russia is ensured through a high level of demand of the producing sector for capital and the existing prerequisites for its implementation....

This article considers the influence of globalisation processes on the development of the crisis of historical and ethnocultural identity and describes the factors affecting the ethnocultural identity transformation. The author analyses how globalisation results in both the blurring of ethnocultural identity and the intensification of regionalisation processes. 1. Андрейчук Н. В., Гаврилина ...

The article presents the main factors of the emergence of Russian conservative nationalism in the first quarter of the XIX century and the role of socalled «Russian Party» (N. Karamzin, A. Shishkov, F. Rostoptschin, S. Glinka) in this process. The author defines the basic elements ...

The article analyses the mechanisms of the development of American foreign policy towards Central and Eastern Europe on the example of Poland.The author considers a number of factors that influenced the process of the foreign policy development. 1. Печатнов В.   О. Мистер «Икс» в 1945 г . (неизвестное письмо Джорджа Кен­нана) // Проблемы всемирной ...

The article analyses expert influence on decision making process. The author argues that high uncertainty increases political elite’s attention to experts under the conditions of democratic transit. The case of the Kaliningrad exclave is taken as an example. 1.  Абрамов В.   Н. Калининградская область: социально-политические и гео­политические аспекты общественной трансформации 1990-х. СПб., 1998. 2.  Балтийский регион как полюс экономической интеграции Северо-Запада Российской Федерации и Европейского...

... multi-structural public traditions. Imperial administration strengthens the asymmetrical status of ethnic groups and regions in their relation to the centre. Their integration dynamics is preconditioned, first and foremost, by geopolitical and geo-economic factors. The author provides his own vision of the characteristics of imperial statehood. 1.        Дякин В.   С. Национальный вопрос во внутренней политике царизма ( XIX — начало ...

The role of tourism as one of the priority of regional development is grounded. The positive and negative factors of transforming tourism into the leading branch of the Economy of the Kaliningrad Oblast are formulated. The existing programmes targeting the tourism development are examined. There is characteristic of tourism services in Kaliningrad region ...

The author substantiates that among basic elements of mechanism of food security provision one should consider monitoring and forecasting of factors defining threats for food security in the exclave region. 1.  Демографический ежегодник: статистический сборник. Калининград, 2008. 2.  Калининградская область ...

This article focuses on the factors having influenced the formation of the conscious attitude to the past of the Kaliningrad region in the local residents. The author shows that a special regional identity, which developed in the interaction with the unique cultural environment,...

This article analyses the internal and external factors of social security in Russia in the late 2000s. The author pays special attention to the polysemy of the concept of social security and the problems of deviant behaviour. 1.  Очирова А. Социальная безопасность ...

... on the whole system of international relations. The turnaround in Russian-Chinese relations from sharp confrontation in the Soviet era to current rapprochement, which started to take shape after the collapse of the Soviet Union, became a significant factor in world politics. The gradual strengthening of ties between Beijing and Moscow stood out against the background of tensions in Russian-American and Chinese-American relations at the end of George W. Bush presidency. However, as President Obama ...

This article presents the results of research on the reforming of higher education system in modern China.The article aims to analyse the institution of public higher education in order to develop guidelines on employing the positive Chinese experience in the modernization of higher education in Russia. In conclusion, the author offers multiple-factor models of the education process management. 1.      Васильев Л.   С. Проблема генезиса китайского государства. М., 1983. 2.      Вестник ЮНЕСКО...

This article, based on the study of legal sources, is an attempt to show the influence of cultural, historical, economic and political factors on the development of the law of succession in the Russian Federation. 1. Конституция Российской Федерации. М., 2008. 2. Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации. М., 2008....