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Historical examples reveal the peculiarities of bilateral intergovernmental relations. There are two non-convertible variants, based on the positive contribution of the actual international agent into the formation of a new state — the prospective added value variant — or aimed at deliberated suspension/breach of relations — the prospective tension variant. This suspension of sovereignty leaves a permanent scar in the national memory and leads to continuous alienation of the states. 1.  Путин В...

The article compares the approaches of Immanuel Kant and Pavel Novgorodtsev to the role and importance of humanity and human personality in historical process proposed by I. Kant and P. I. Novgorodtsev. The author analyses the similarities and differences of their positions and defines the main lines of Novgorodtsev’s development of Kant’s methodology. 1.  Кант И. Идея всеобщей истории во всемирно-гражданском плане // Соч.: в 6 т. М., 1966. Т. 6. 2.  Кант И. К вечному миру // Там же. 3.  Кант...

The article analyses the reference of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s to Berdyaev’s philosophy of history and the interpretation and reinterpretation of “The New Middle Ages”. The author defines the differences and similarities of the apocalyptic thinking of the Russian philosopher and the Polish writer. 1.  Бердяев Н.   А. Духи русской революции // Вехи. Из глубины. М....

... absoluta/ordinata. // Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie. Bd. 7. Hg. Ritter J., Gründer K., Gabriel G. Schwabe Verlag, Basel. 1989. P. 1157—1162. 10.  Courtenay W.   J. The dialectic of Divine omnipotence in the High and Late Middle Ages. // Divine omniscience and omnipotence in medieval philosophy. Ed. Rudavsky T. Dordrecht, 1985. 11.  Ioannis Duns Scotus. Lectura I, d. 44, q. un. 12.  Ioannis Duns Scotus. Ordinatio I, d. 44, q. un. 13.  Oakley F. Omnipotence, Covenant and ...

This article considers the institutional aspects of discrete investment choice at the regional level through the example of the SEZ in the Kaliningrad region. The authors analysed the changes of the institution of SEZ throughout the latter's existence as well as the conditions of the economic agent activity within the SEZ. With the help of the Devereaux, Griffith model (1999, 2003), which describes the interconnections between the corporate taxation and discrete investment choice, the authors empirically...

This article analyses the methodological framework of research on strategic potential of organizations in dynamic global environment. The author examines the factors responsible for sustainable competitive advantages of an organization and considers the role of intangible assets, predominantly, such unique assets as organizational and administrative skills, in the structure of potential. The article describes the features of formation of potential of learning organizations. 1.  Баззел Р., Гейл...

This article considers methodological approaches to regional studies, in particular, functional, system, organisational, and strategic ones. The author determines the properties and concepts of a region as an agent of the development and formation of strategic objectives. 1. Изард У. Методы регионального анализа: введение в науку о регионах. М., 1966. 2. Шеховцева Л.   С. Управляемое развитие региона: стратегическое целепола­гание: монография. Калининград, 2005. 3. Шеховцева Л.   С. Стратегическое...

This article analyses the problems of organizational leadership in executive bodies. The author considers leadership-based management on the basis of the reforming leadership concept and establishes the dependence of factors defining the category of leadership on the status characteristics of the agent and object of management. 1.      Кричевский Р.   Л . Социальная психология малой группы. М., 2001. С. 271—274. 2.      Берн Э . Лидер и группа / пер. с англ. Екатеринбург, 2003. С. 118....

This article considers the main aspects of the methodology of formation of object-functional approach to regional development, which makes it possible, due to taking into account the patterns of regional function distribution, to choose strategic regional objects and ensure their interaction on the basis of incentives for economic agents. 1.  Бильчак В.   С. Мотивационный механизм развития посткризисной эконо­мики регионов России   // Вестник Балтийского научного центра. Калинин­град,   2003...

... lined with stratified squamous epithelium in which continuous cell turnover occurs, a process that requires cells to differentiate without provoking an in­flam­matory immune response. This defines a susceptibility unique to wo­men of reproductive age, who are at disproportionate risk of morbidity and mor­ta­lity associated with viral pathogens such as HIV infection.

The study assessed the functional state of the kidneys and urodynamics in 207 patients aged 3 to 17, depending on the degree, level and type of conge­ni­tal obstruction of the upper urinary tract. The congenital hydronephrosis was found in 151 children of those, the obstructive ureterohydronephrosis — in 30, and refluxing ureterohydronephrosis ...

... influence the features of the clinical course of COPD remains an open issue. The study aimed to reveal the impact of alcoholism on the level of COPD subjective symptoms in patients with different compliance. Materials and methods. 147 men with COPD in the age of 40―88 years were examined. The study relied on spirometry criteria, mMRC, CAT, domestic questionnaire of adherence to therapy, 6-minutes walking tests. It also established the stage of alcohol disease. The inhalation therapy was clarified during ...

... system and need to be accompanied by a pediatric neuropsychologist. Neurological and mental diseases prevail in the structure of children’s disability, the share of which is 49.8 %. Most often, premature children are recognized as disabled at the age of 0—3, which is directly related to health deviations in the perinatal period.

... Hajdas I., Hatte C., Heaton T.J., Hoffmann D.L., Hogg A.G., Hughen K.A., Kaiser K.F., Kromer B., Manning S.W., Niu M., Reimer R.W., Richards D.A., Scott E.M., Southon J.R., Staff R.A., Turney C.S.M., van der Plicht J. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0—50,000 Years cal BP // Radiocarbon. 2013. V. 55. № 4. P. 1869— 1887. 17. Witkowski A. Recent and fossil diatom flora of the Gulf of Gdansk, Southern Baltic Sea. Origin, composition and changes of diatom assemblages during ...

... reduce adverse effects of the use of mobile electronic devices on future doctors. 518 medical students of the 3rd year of General medicine and Pediatric faculties of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University were interviewed. The average age of the respondents was 20.1 ± 0.08 years. Questionnaires to study the effect of gadgets on vision were specially developed at the Department of Hygiene of the Pediatric Faculty of the Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University. There ...

... were formed during the last three millennia (from the Roman Warm Pe­riod to the Modern Warm Period). Intensified water exchange between the Baltic and North Seas was recorded before the Roman Warm Period, during the Roman Warm Period itself, the Dark Ages and during the Medieval Cli­mate Optimum. Periods of climate warming, characterized by an increase in surface water productivity and bottom water hypoxia, correspond to the Ro­man Warm Period, the Medieval Climatic Optimum, and the Modern Warm ...

... diagnosis with a primary or secondary tumour process and reviewed patient management tactics as well as potential complications. The study described a case of splenosis 14 years af­ter splenectomy due to spleen rupture with blunt abdominal trauma at the age of 7. A comprehensive examination of the patient with the methods of radia­tion imaging and laboratory diagnostics is presented. In the study, the au­thors identified 4 lesions of splenosis. A new lesion in the pelvis emerged after 8 years. The ...

... here worthen the demo­gra­phic situation, even though there has been some equalization of gen­der dis­pa­ri­ties due to the outflow of the female population. The other recipient re­gions are characterized by a 'rejuvenation' of the population age structure and at the same time by worsening gender disparities. Applicants to universities and colleges are likely to leave for other regions of the Russian Federation (to the greatest extent this is typical for the northern regions). St. Petersburg,...

... S. C. et al. Dietary sodium influences the ef­fect of mental stress on heart rate variability: a randomized trial in healthy adults // J. Hypertens. 2014. Vol. 32 (2). P. 374—382. 8. Antelmi I., de Paula R. S., Shinzato A. R. et al. Influence of age, gender, body mass in­dex, and functional capacity on heart rate variability in a cohort of subjects without heart disease// Am. J. Cardiol. 2004. Vol. 93 (3). P. 381—385. 9. Aune D., Sen A., o'Hartaigh B. et al. Resting heart rate and the risk ...

Artificial electromagnetic fields are a byproduct of the electrical or elec­tronic devices as an inevitable consequence of the modern scientific and tech­nical progress, and at the same time poorly studied environmental impact fac­tor. Research of current levels and spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields in Kaliningrad aimed at mapping, defining statistically significant characteristics for types of land use and building types, revealing abnormal areas and their correspondence to hygienic...

Recently published papers and our own research results have enabled the authors to generalize the data on the paleofauna of Dominican amber, the largest deposit of the Miocene age fossil organisms. The research tasks includ­ed geographic and stratigraphic examinations, the study of research history and an attempt of synchronization of paleofans with other Lagerstättes. The authors show the absence of endemism at the family ...

The exclave and coastal position of the Kaliningrad region determines the development conditions that differ from other regions, including those of the regional innovation subsystem. The most important and integral part of this subsystem which actually ensures the interaction of its components, is trans­fer of technologies. The main "holders" of technologies in the Kaliningrad re­gion are the universities. Kaliningrad State Technical University performs 37.6 % of the work in the area of...

... Diagnostics was performed on a Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound machine with a linear sensor of a scanning frequency of 7—14 and 12—18 MHz and an Acuson S2000 device, an 18 L6 HD sensor; electromyography was performed on a Wiking Quest Nicolet device. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 77. A standard for the diagnosis of patients with suspected CCS is proposed, which can significantly improve the quality of pa­tient examination and provide early diagnosis and timely adequate therapy. 1. Keith M.W,...

... Доротенко А. Ю. Морфометрия при гепатомегалии // Эхография. 2004. Т. 5, № 1. С. 88—89. 17. Chouker A., Martignoni A., Dugas M. et al. Estimation of Liver Size for Liver Transplantation: The Impact of Age and Gender // Liver Transplantation. 2004. Vol. 10, № 5. P. 678—685.

... A., Ladet S., Coqué N., Gibon A. Agricultural land-use change and its drivers in mountain landscapes: A case study in the Pyrenees // Agriculture, Ecosistems and Environment. 2005. Vol. 114, iss. 2—4. P. 296—310. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.017 (дата обращения: 03.05.2017). 25. Palang H., Semm K., Verstraete L. Time borders: Change of practice and experience through time layers // Journal of Borderlands Studies. 2011. № 24:2. Р. 92—105. 26. Prishchepov A. ...

.... 2008. Vol. 151. P. 21–40. 15. Mayewski P. A., Rohling E. E., Stager J. C. et al. Holocene climate variability // Quaternary Research. 2004. Vol. 62 (3). P. 243–255. 16. Reimer P. J., Bard E., Bayliss A. et al. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP // Radiocarbon. 2013. Vol. 55. № 4. P. 1869– 1887. 17. Stancikaite M., Kabailiene M., Ostrauskas T., Guobyte R. Environment and man around Lakes Duba and Pelesa, SE Lithuania, during the Late Glacial ...

This paper addresses the historical development of the renal failure concept from antiquity to the present. The authors define the term ‘acute renal failure’ and ‘acute kidney injury’. The article presents a classification of these diseases. It is shown that the development of renal failure is associated with a significant increase in age-independent mortality. The main biomarker of a kidney injury, which may be elevated in patients with ischemic heart disease, is creatinine. 1. Rea M. E., Dunlap...

... Rostami-Hodjegan A. Changes in Liver Volume from Birth to Adulthood: a meta-analysis // Liver Transpl. 2005. Vol. 11, № 12. P. 1481—1493. 33. Choukèr A., Martignoni A., Dugas M. et al. Estimation of liver size for liver transplantation: the impact of age and gender // Liver Transpl. 2004. Vol. 10, № 5. P. 678—685. 34. DeLand F. H., North W. A. Relationship between liver size and body size // Radiology. 1968. Vol. 91, № 6. P. 1195—1198. 35. Yu H. C., You H., Lee H. et al. Estimation of standard ...

... equation to determine liver volume from simple linear ultrasound measurements of the liver // Radiography. 2016. Vol. 22. P. 125—130. 14. Chouker A., Martignoni A., Martin Dugas M. et al. Estimation of Liver Size for Liver Transplantation: The Impact of Age and Gender // Liver Transplantation. 2004. Vol. 10, № 5. P. 678—685. 15. D’OnofrioM., De Robertis R., Demozzi E. et al. Liver volumetry: Is imaging reliable? Personal experience and review of the literature // WJR. 2014. Vol. 6(4). P. 62—71....

... important relationship between heart rate variability and heart rate // Hypertension. 2014. Vol. 64 (6). P. 1334—1343. 16. Umetani K., Singer D.H., McCraty R., Atkinson M. Twenty-four hour time domain heart rate variability and heart rate: relations to age and gender over nine decades // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998. Vol. 31 (3). P. 593—601. 17. Holzman J.B., Bridgett D.J. Heart rate variability indices as bio-markers of topdown self-regulatory mechanisms: a meta-analytic review // Neurosci Biobehav....

... equation to determine liver volume from simple linear ultrasound measurements of the liver // Radiography. 2016. Vol. 22. P. 125—130. 13. Chouker A., Martignoni A., Martin Dugas M. et al. Estimation of Liver Size for Liver Transplantation: The Impact of Age and Gender // Liver Transplantation. 2004. Vol. 10, No 5. P. 678—685. 14. D’Onofrio M., De Robertis R., Demozzi E. et al. Liver volumetry: Is imaging reliable? Personal experience and review of the literature // WJR 2014. Vol. 6(4). P. 62—71....

... по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2017 года // Росстат. URL: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2017/bul_dr/mun_obr2017.rar (дата обращения: 24.04.2018). 32. Population on 1 January by age group, sex and NUTS 3 region. Last update: 05.01.2018 // Eurostat. URL: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=demo_r_pjangrp3&lang=en (дата обращения: 24.04.2018). 33. Gibraltar // The World Factbook — Central Intelligence ...

The factors and features of localization of large business interests in 14 European coastal regions of Russia are analyzed. It is shown that the interest of large business in the coastal zones is commonly associated with the concentration of large oil and gas fields (on the shelf and in the coastal zone), with the logistics tasks (export-import operations), and (to a lesser extent, mainly Black Sea coast) with the implementation of certain recreational projects. Localization of large business (its...

The level and dynamics of development of retail trade in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated. Differentiation is influenced both by the income level of the population and by other factors, since there is no functional dependence between per capita income and the volume of per capita retail trade. Even weaker is the connection between the dynamics of these indicators. The article reveals regional features of the level and dynamics of retail turnover in the...

The author analyses the problem of suicide. The article contains a statistical analysis of 349 cases of suicide committed by the inhabitants of the city of Kaliningrad in 2013—2015. The author examines the age and sex of the victims, seasonal characteristics of suicides, their distribution by day of the week and day of the month, the scene of suicides, alcohol intoxication and its degree. 1. Иванова А. Е., Сабгайда Т. П., Семенова ...

The authors present the results of a study proving a direct effect of GM-CSF and Epo on the functional activity and activation status of T-cells in varying degrees of differentiation. The obtained data demonstrate immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of Epo and CSF-GM. The study shows the direct impact of hematopoietins on the T-cells functional activity in hematopoietic immunoregulation. 1. Гончаров А. Г., Шмаров В. А., Малащенко В. В. и др. Прямое влияние гемопоэтинов на функциональную...

In this study clarification and definition are provided for the bodies responsible for making administrative decisions for territorial development. The regulatory framework of spatial planning is also embodied. The main instruments of spatial planning are shown as different types of plans: Regional plan, Municipal comprehensive plan, Detailed development plan, Special area regulations and Property regulation plan. Particular attention is paid to the influence on the planning process of the entry...

... dental care. However, this approach provides new opportunities for early diagnosis of dental as well as many systemic diseases. In general, this approach helps minimize the volume and cost of primarily dental care in low-mobility elderly and senile age groups. 1. Aллэ С. Национальные системы квалификационных стандартов: внедрение и результаты : отчет об исследовании. М., 2011. 2. Артюхов И. П., Сенченко ...

This article analyses quality of life determined by the health of working-age population of a northern region. The authors identify latent factors affecting the quality of life in men and women engaged in mental and manual labor. Differences in the self-assessment of quality of life depending on the sex and job of the respondents are established. In different respondent groups, latent factors adversely affecting the quality of life formed clusters or functioned autonomously 1. Айвазян С. А., Буштабер...

The authors present a function-based typology of towns located on the coast of the Kaliningrad/Vistula Lagoon. It is shown that the recreational function of these towns is either poorly developed or absent, which complicates the sustainable development of coastal territories. Grade-based assessment makes it possible to identify factors both facilitating and hindering the recreational development of coastal towns. Towns with the highest recreational potential are identified. 1. Актуальные проблемы...

... paid to the Smolensk region which is considered to be one of the most demographically troubled Russian regions. The causes of the drop in absolute and relative fertility rates in the region have been revealed. One of them is the dramatic change in the age structure of the population due to the fact that demographic development entered the recession phase which in its turn might be partly explained by the "demographic echo" of the Great Patriotic War. 1. Аношкин Р. В., Катровский ...

Kaliningrad / Vistula Lagoon is a trans-border (it includes border territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Poland), maritime (combines a water body, and a land area) territorial system, which requires a special attitude to coordination between between the concepts of spatial, territorial and strategic planning. The article studies the issues of spatial, territorial and strategic planning in the modern management practice in Russia and in the region of Kaliningrad / Vistula Lagoon...

The authors evaluated the effectiveness of a complex conservative therapy in childless women of reproductive age having atypical endometrial hyperplasia and well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma. The study examines the effectiveness of combining the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. All patients ...

... abundance and biomass of Talitridae is ensures through a normal life cycle. On the Vistula Spit, the preservation of a relatively stable average and total abundance and biomass is explained by an increase in the number of juveniles that replace older age groups in July — August, which can be interpreted as a response to intensified anthropogenic stress. 1. Гурьянова Е. Ф. Бокоплавы морей СССР (Amphipoda — Gammaridea). М. ; Л., 1951. С. 794—799. 2. Джабраилова ...

... conducted. The influence of seasonal changes (spring, autumn) on the lipid compounds of blood serum was analyzed. A dependence between the total cholesterol level, the content of low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL, and triglycerides and age and gender was identified. 1. Буганов А. А., Агбалян А. А., Ионова Н. Е. Влияние фактора питания на состояние здоровья населения // Медицина труда и промышленной ...

On the basis of 1948—2011 materials, this article characterises the zooplankton of three large lakes of similar age and origin found at different trophic stages and in different landscapes of the Pskov region. It is shown that the structural features of the organization and direction of succession of zooplankton communities are directly dependent on the landscape ...

The article aims at analyzing the role of cross-border cooperation in the development of innovation potential of the Baltic Sea Region. The author analyzes the projects in the framework of the Neighborhood Programs implemented in 2000—2006 and related to the development of innovation potential in the Baltic Sea Region, particularly in the South-East Baltic. The author makes the conclusion about the need to increase the share of innovative projects with the participation of the regions of North-West...

The article explores the development of the transboundary spatial planningn as the key aspects of cross-border cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. 1.  Давидов Д., Чекалина Т. Калининград: плюсы и минусы эксклавности // Космополис. 2008. №   2(21). С. 144. 2.  Чекалина Т.   Н. Использование сетевого подхода в методике анализа транс­граничного сотрудничества // Вестник Российского государственного универ­ситета им. И . Канта . 2007. №   7. С. 92—97. 3.  A VASAB Long Term Perspective...

The article is dedicated to the main principles of the sustainable development concept and the life quality of the population of the Kaliningrad region. The authors outline four sets of objectives crucial for the socio-economic development of the region as well as their key functions. 1.      AGENDA 21: Programme of Action for Sustainable Development. RIO DECLARATION on Environment and Development. Unated Nations Publication . Sales №   E.93.1.11 . Unated Nations . New York , 1993. 2.      О...