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The article considers the evolution of the structure and form of Eastern Slavic iconostasis as a reflection of the major social and political ideas of their creators in terms of cultural and confessional affinity. The author emphasizes the role of mutual influences during periods of ideological crises. The role of Western Russian innovations in the development of the appearance of Moscow iconostases of the late 17th century is demonstrated. 1. Архив Юго-Западной России. Киев, 1859. Ч. 1. 2. Бусева-Давыдова...

This article examines organizational and material resources behind the emergence of tour activities as a field of tourism in the Kaliningrad region. Based on the archive materials of the Regional Trade Unions Council and the Regional Tourism Board and existing tours, the author studies decision on the establishment and functioning of tour agencies and analyses the methods and key areas of their operation in the second half of the 1960s. 1. Государственный архив Калининградской области (ГАКО). Ф...

This article describes different aspects of the everyday life of the German military elite during World War I. The author stresses the effect of protracted hostilities on professional high-ranking officers in view of their age, special social standards, and family relations. Special attention is paid to a new little-studied area of research. 1. Деметр К. Германский офицерский корпус. М., 2007. 2. Ланник Л. В. Германская ...

This article discusses the ontological and epistemological aspects of the interpretation of time in N. O. Lossky’s ideal realism. It is stressed that time is a form of events initiated by substantial actors in the process of world creation. The author analyses the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of time. The features of synchronous and asynchronous aspects of cognising existential processes by an agent are identified in the framework of epistemology. 1. Гайденко П. П. Время. Длительность...

This article analysis the changes in the level of requirements for and the expected competencies of professional marketers in the age of digital communications. The article discusses the role and evaluates the contribution of mar-keting specialists to the economic and financial performance of companies and organisations. The author analyses the applied methods and indicators that ...

... on an analysis of statistical data from archival documents, the author considers the dynamics and characteristics of mortality rate. The key mortality rate indicators and the factors behind its decrease in the first half/mid-1950s are identified; the age structure of mortality is reconstructed. It is concluded that the regional trends in mortality rate evolution correspond to the national ones. 1. Государственный архив Калининградской области (ГАКО). ...

This article examines the main trends in the development of customer loyalty programmes and describes companies’ approaches to creating and implementing them. The authors identify the challenges facing companies that modify customer loyalty programmes in accordance with the features of the Russian institutional environment. 1. Гордон Я. Х. Маркетинг партнерских отношений. СПб., 2001. 2. Плотникова Е. А., Куликова З. В. Программа лояльности — дань моде или эффективный маркетинговый инструмент //...

This article analyses Berlin’s negative and positive interpretations of freedom and idea of value pluralism. It is concluded that pluralism of values and liberals’ negative freedom results in the problem of relativism and ‘Hobbes/Berlin dilemma’ — the dilemma between individual and collective reasons. The concepts of freedom of L. Wittgenstein’s (Hurly, Pettit) and J. Habermas are considered through the prism of these concepts. 1. Вахрушева Е. А. Что от нас ждут в зарубежных журналах? // Известия...

... Journal of Marketing. 2008. Vol. 72, № 4. P. 90—104. 12. Keller K. L. Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity / 3rd ed. N. J., 2008. 13. Moore J. F. The death of competition: leadership and strategy in the age of business ecosystems. N. Y., 1996. 14. Pinar M., Trapp P., Girard T. et al. Utilizing the Brand Ecosystem Framework in Designing Branding Strategies for Higher Education // International Journal of Educational Management. 2011. Vol. 25, № 7....

This paper analyses theoretical approaches to studying interorganizational networks offered in foreign economic sociology. The authors describe main conceptual problems, the key aspects of network form of interorganizational interaction, and embeddedness effects. 1. Alter C., Hage J. Organizations working together. Newbury Park, 1993. 2. Benson K. J. The Interorganizational Network as a Political Economy // Administrative Science Quarterly. 1975. Vol. 20, № 2. P. 229—249. 3. Bourdieu P. The forms...

This article discusses certain conditions of an employment contract with a remote employee. The author’s perspective on the age of a remote employee is presented. The article addresses the issue of introducing obligatory conditions of an employment contract – the employee’s function, working schedule, and remuneration. Proposals for improving the current labor legislation ...

This paper considers the problem of European identity in the conditions of the current European crisis. European identity developed over a long time on the moral and political grounds. The author arrives at a conclusion about the need to reconsider the concept of European identity in the EU crisis conditions. European identity cannot develop in an institutional crisis. The concept of European identity requires structural reconstruction, new foundations, since the old ones are, to a great degree,...

This article is an attempt to identify the role of peasant affairs institutions in the governmental system of post-reform Russia. The subject of the research is the public policy towards peasant affairs agencies during the second half of the 19th century. Special attention is paid to the change of the legal status and authority of these institutions and their relations with local authorities and population. 1. Катаев М. М. Местные крестьянские учреждения 1861, 1874, 1889 гг. СПб.,1911—1912...

This article focuses on the interpretation of Kant’s political philosophy given by V. Gerhardt within his “existential liberalism” and by J. Habermas in the applied part of his communicative theory. The author addresses similarity and complementarity in the identification of political agent and its properties. 1. Кант И. К вечному миру // Соч. : в 6 т. М., 1966. Т. 6. С. 257—347. 2. Кант И. Предполагаемое начало человеческой истории // Избр. : в 3 т.Калининград, 1998. Т. 2 : К вечному миру...

The peculiarities of the EU enlargement policy are investigated in this article. The author attempts to analyze the reasons for the division of the Baltic States into two negotiation groups as well as the developed mechanism of the acceleration of the preparation for the EU accession. 1.  Agenda 2000 — Commission Opinion on Lithuania’s Application for Member­ship of the European Union. Brussels,15 th July 1997. URL: http://ec.eu­ropa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/dwn/opinions/lithuania/li-op_en...

Historical examples reveal the peculiarities of bilateral intergovernmental relations. There are two non-convertible variants, based on the positive contribution of the actual international agent into the formation of a new state — the prospective added value variant — or aimed at deliberated suspension/breach of relations — the prospective tension variant. This suspension of sovereignty leaves a permanent scar in the national memory and leads to continuous alienation of the states. 1.  Путин В...

The article compares the approaches of Immanuel Kant and Pavel Novgorodtsev to the role and importance of humanity and human personality in historical process proposed by I. Kant and P. I. Novgorodtsev. The author analyses the similarities and differences of their positions and defines the main lines of Novgorodtsev’s development of Kant’s methodology. 1.  Кант И. Идея всеобщей истории во всемирно-гражданском плане // Соч.: в 6 т. М., 1966. Т. 6. 2.  Кант И. К вечному миру // Там же. 3.  Кант...

The article analyses the reference of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s to Berdyaev’s philosophy of history and the interpretation and reinterpretation of “The New Middle Ages”. The author defines the differences and similarities of the apocalyptic thinking of the Russian philosopher and the Polish writer. 1.  Бердяев Н.   А. Духи русской революции // Вехи. Из глубины. М....

... absoluta/ordinata. // Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie. Bd. 7. Hg. Ritter J., Gründer K., Gabriel G. Schwabe Verlag, Basel. 1989. P. 1157—1162. 10.  Courtenay W.   J. The dialectic of Divine omnipotence in the High and Late Middle Ages. // Divine omniscience and omnipotence in medieval philosophy. Ed. Rudavsky T. Dordrecht, 1985. 11.  Ioannis Duns Scotus. Lectura I, d. 44, q. un. 12.  Ioannis Duns Scotus. Ordinatio I, d. 44, q. un. 13.  Oakley F. Omnipotence, Covenant and ...

This article considers the institutional aspects of discrete investment choice at the regional level through the example of the SEZ in the Kaliningrad region. The authors analysed the changes of the institution of SEZ throughout the latter's existence as well as the conditions of the economic agent activity within the SEZ. With the help of the Devereaux, Griffith model (1999, 2003), which describes the interconnections between the corporate taxation and discrete investment choice, the authors empirically...

This article analyses the methodological framework of research on strategic potential of organizations in dynamic global environment. The author examines the factors responsible for sustainable competitive advantages of an organization and considers the role of intangible assets, predominantly, such unique assets as organizational and administrative skills, in the structure of potential. The article describes the features of formation of potential of learning organizations. 1.  Баззел Р., Гейл...

This article considers methodological approaches to regional studies, in particular, functional, system, organisational, and strategic ones. The author determines the properties and concepts of a region as an agent of the development and formation of strategic objectives. 1. Изард У. Методы регионального анализа: введение в науку о регионах. М., 1966. 2. Шеховцева Л.   С. Управляемое развитие региона: стратегическое целепола­гание: монография. Калининград, 2005. 3. Шеховцева Л.   С. Стратегическое...

This article analyses the problems of organizational leadership in executive bodies. The author considers leadership-based management on the basis of the reforming leadership concept and establishes the dependence of factors defining the category of leadership on the status characteristics of the agent and object of management. 1.      Кричевский Р.   Л . Социальная психология малой группы. М., 2001. С. 271—274. 2.      Берн Э . Лидер и группа / пер. с англ. Екатеринбург, 2003. С. 118....

This article considers the main aspects of the methodology of formation of object-functional approach to regional development, which makes it possible, due to taking into account the patterns of regional function distribution, to choose strategic regional objects and ensure their interaction on the basis of incentives for economic agents. 1.  Бильчак В.   С. Мотивационный механизм развития посткризисной эконо­мики регионов России   // Вестник Балтийского научного центра. Калинин­град,   2003...

... lined with stratified squamous epithelium in which continuous cell turnover occurs, a process that requires cells to differentiate without provoking an in­flam­matory immune response. This defines a susceptibility unique to wo­men of reproductive age, who are at disproportionate risk of morbidity and mor­ta­lity associated with viral pathogens such as HIV infection.

The study assessed the functional state of the kidneys and urodynamics in 207 patients aged 3 to 17, depending on the degree, level and type of conge­ni­tal obstruction of the upper urinary tract. The congenital hydronephrosis was found in 151 children of those, the obstructive ureterohydronephrosis — in 30, and refluxing ureterohydronephrosis ...

... influence the features of the clinical course of COPD remains an open issue. The study aimed to reveal the impact of alcoholism on the level of COPD subjective symptoms in patients with different compliance. Materials and methods. 147 men with COPD in the age of 40―88 years were examined. The study relied on spirometry criteria, mMRC, CAT, domestic questionnaire of adherence to therapy, 6-minutes walking tests. It also established the stage of alcohol disease. The inhalation therapy was clarified during ...

... system and need to be accompanied by a pediatric neuropsychologist. Neurological and mental diseases prevail in the structure of children’s disability, the share of which is 49.8 %. Most often, premature children are recognized as disabled at the age of 0—3, which is directly related to health deviations in the perinatal period.

... Hajdas I., Hatte C., Heaton T.J., Hoffmann D.L., Hogg A.G., Hughen K.A., Kaiser K.F., Kromer B., Manning S.W., Niu M., Reimer R.W., Richards D.A., Scott E.M., Southon J.R., Staff R.A., Turney C.S.M., van der Plicht J. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0—50,000 Years cal BP // Radiocarbon. 2013. V. 55. № 4. P. 1869— 1887. 17. Witkowski A. Recent and fossil diatom flora of the Gulf of Gdansk, Southern Baltic Sea. Origin, composition and changes of diatom assemblages during ...

... reduce adverse effects of the use of mobile electronic devices on future doctors. 518 medical students of the 3rd year of General medicine and Pediatric faculties of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University were interviewed. The average age of the respondents was 20.1 ± 0.08 years. Questionnaires to study the effect of gadgets on vision were specially developed at the Department of Hygiene of the Pediatric Faculty of the Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University. There ...

... were formed during the last three millennia (from the Roman Warm Pe­riod to the Modern Warm Period). Intensified water exchange between the Baltic and North Seas was recorded before the Roman Warm Period, during the Roman Warm Period itself, the Dark Ages and during the Medieval Cli­mate Optimum. Periods of climate warming, characterized by an increase in surface water productivity and bottom water hypoxia, correspond to the Ro­man Warm Period, the Medieval Climatic Optimum, and the Modern Warm ...

... diagnosis with a primary or secondary tumour process and reviewed patient management tactics as well as potential complications. The study described a case of splenosis 14 years af­ter splenectomy due to spleen rupture with blunt abdominal trauma at the age of 7. A comprehensive examination of the patient with the methods of radia­tion imaging and laboratory diagnostics is presented. In the study, the au­thors identified 4 lesions of splenosis. A new lesion in the pelvis emerged after 8 years. The ...

... here worthen the demo­gra­phic situation, even though there has been some equalization of gen­der dis­pa­ri­ties due to the outflow of the female population. The other recipient re­gions are characterized by a 'rejuvenation' of the population age structure and at the same time by worsening gender disparities. Applicants to universities and colleges are likely to leave for other regions of the Russian Federation (to the greatest extent this is typical for the northern regions). St. Petersburg,...

... S. C. et al. Dietary sodium influences the ef­fect of mental stress on heart rate variability: a randomized trial in healthy adults // J. Hypertens. 2014. Vol. 32 (2). P. 374—382. 8. Antelmi I., de Paula R. S., Shinzato A. R. et al. Influence of age, gender, body mass in­dex, and functional capacity on heart rate variability in a cohort of subjects without heart disease// Am. J. Cardiol. 2004. Vol. 93 (3). P. 381—385. 9. Aune D., Sen A., o'Hartaigh B. et al. Resting heart rate and the risk ...

Artificial electromagnetic fields are a byproduct of the electrical or elec­tronic devices as an inevitable consequence of the modern scientific and tech­nical progress, and at the same time poorly studied environmental impact fac­tor. Research of current levels and spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields in Kaliningrad aimed at mapping, defining statistically significant characteristics for types of land use and building types, revealing abnormal areas and their correspondence to hygienic...

Recently published papers and our own research results have enabled the authors to generalize the data on the paleofauna of Dominican amber, the largest deposit of the Miocene age fossil organisms. The research tasks includ­ed geographic and stratigraphic examinations, the study of research history and an attempt of synchronization of paleofans with other Lagerstättes. The authors show the absence of endemism at the family ...

The exclave and coastal position of the Kaliningrad region determines the development conditions that differ from other regions, including those of the regional innovation subsystem. The most important and integral part of this subsystem which actually ensures the interaction of its components, is trans­fer of technologies. The main "holders" of technologies in the Kaliningrad re­gion are the universities. Kaliningrad State Technical University performs 37.6 % of the work in the area of...

... Diagnostics was performed on a Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound machine with a linear sensor of a scanning frequency of 7—14 and 12—18 MHz and an Acuson S2000 device, an 18 L6 HD sensor; electromyography was performed on a Wiking Quest Nicolet device. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 77. A standard for the diagnosis of patients with suspected CCS is proposed, which can significantly improve the quality of pa­tient examination and provide early diagnosis and timely adequate therapy. 1. Keith M.W,...

... Доротенко А. Ю. Морфометрия при гепатомегалии // Эхография. 2004. Т. 5, № 1. С. 88—89. 17. Chouker A., Martignoni A., Dugas M. et al. Estimation of Liver Size for Liver Transplantation: The Impact of Age and Gender // Liver Transplantation. 2004. Vol. 10, № 5. P. 678—685.

... A., Ladet S., Coqué N., Gibon A. Agricultural land-use change and its drivers in mountain landscapes: A case study in the Pyrenees // Agriculture, Ecosistems and Environment. 2005. Vol. 114, iss. 2—4. P. 296—310. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.017 (дата обращения: 03.05.2017). 25. Palang H., Semm K., Verstraete L. Time borders: Change of practice and experience through time layers // Journal of Borderlands Studies. 2011. № 24:2. Р. 92—105. 26. Prishchepov A. ...

.... 2008. Vol. 151. P. 21–40. 15. Mayewski P. A., Rohling E. E., Stager J. C. et al. Holocene climate variability // Quaternary Research. 2004. Vol. 62 (3). P. 243–255. 16. Reimer P. J., Bard E., Bayliss A. et al. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP // Radiocarbon. 2013. Vol. 55. № 4. P. 1869– 1887. 17. Stancikaite M., Kabailiene M., Ostrauskas T., Guobyte R. Environment and man around Lakes Duba and Pelesa, SE Lithuania, during the Late Glacial ...

This paper addresses the historical development of the renal failure concept from antiquity to the present. The authors define the term ‘acute renal failure’ and ‘acute kidney injury’. The article presents a classification of these diseases. It is shown that the development of renal failure is associated with a significant increase in age-independent mortality. The main biomarker of a kidney injury, which may be elevated in patients with ischemic heart disease, is creatinine. 1. Rea M. E., Dunlap...

... Rostami-Hodjegan A. Changes in Liver Volume from Birth to Adulthood: a meta-analysis // Liver Transpl. 2005. Vol. 11, № 12. P. 1481—1493. 33. Choukèr A., Martignoni A., Dugas M. et al. Estimation of liver size for liver transplantation: the impact of age and gender // Liver Transpl. 2004. Vol. 10, № 5. P. 678—685. 34. DeLand F. H., North W. A. Relationship between liver size and body size // Radiology. 1968. Vol. 91, № 6. P. 1195—1198. 35. Yu H. C., You H., Lee H. et al. Estimation of standard ...

... equation to determine liver volume from simple linear ultrasound measurements of the liver // Radiography. 2016. Vol. 22. P. 125—130. 14. Chouker A., Martignoni A., Martin Dugas M. et al. Estimation of Liver Size for Liver Transplantation: The Impact of Age and Gender // Liver Transplantation. 2004. Vol. 10, № 5. P. 678—685. 15. D’OnofrioM., De Robertis R., Demozzi E. et al. Liver volumetry: Is imaging reliable? Personal experience and review of the literature // WJR. 2014. Vol. 6(4). P. 62—71....

... important relationship between heart rate variability and heart rate // Hypertension. 2014. Vol. 64 (6). P. 1334—1343. 16. Umetani K., Singer D.H., McCraty R., Atkinson M. Twenty-four hour time domain heart rate variability and heart rate: relations to age and gender over nine decades // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998. Vol. 31 (3). P. 593—601. 17. Holzman J.B., Bridgett D.J. Heart rate variability indices as bio-markers of topdown self-regulatory mechanisms: a meta-analytic review // Neurosci Biobehav....

... equation to determine liver volume from simple linear ultrasound measurements of the liver // Radiography. 2016. Vol. 22. P. 125—130. 13. Chouker A., Martignoni A., Martin Dugas M. et al. Estimation of Liver Size for Liver Transplantation: The Impact of Age and Gender // Liver Transplantation. 2004. Vol. 10, No 5. P. 678—685. 14. D’Onofrio M., De Robertis R., Demozzi E. et al. Liver volumetry: Is imaging reliable? Personal experience and review of the literature // WJR 2014. Vol. 6(4). P. 62—71....

... по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2017 года // Росстат. URL: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2017/bul_dr/mun_obr2017.rar (дата обращения: 24.04.2018). 32. Population on 1 January by age group, sex and NUTS 3 region. Last update: 05.01.2018 // Eurostat. URL: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=demo_r_pjangrp3&lang=en (дата обращения: 24.04.2018). 33. Gibraltar // The World Factbook — Central Intelligence ...

The factors and features of localization of large business interests in 14 European coastal regions of Russia are analyzed. It is shown that the interest of large business in the coastal zones is commonly associated with the concentration of large oil and gas fields (on the shelf and in the coastal zone), with the logistics tasks (export-import operations), and (to a lesser extent, mainly Black Sea coast) with the implementation of certain recreational projects. Localization of large business (its...

The level and dynamics of development of retail trade in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated. Differentiation is influenced both by the income level of the population and by other factors, since there is no functional dependence between per capita income and the volume of per capita retail trade. Even weaker is the connection between the dynamics of these indicators. The article reveals regional features of the level and dynamics of retail turnover in the...