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... excludes the criminality of the act. The author analyses a variety of views on the problem under consideration. Methodologically, the study relies on general scientific methods, as well as the method of formal legal analysis. The purpose is to identify existing gaps of a theoretical and practical nature and to propose possible ways to bridge them. The article notes the importance of making amendments to the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 48 dated 26.11.2019 ...

... various branches of legal proceedings. This issue is of particular importance in criminal proceedings, where the verdict can be based on the conclusions of the courts made in civil, arbitration or administrative proceedings. This study focuses on the existing points of view in the academic papers, as well as in the law enforcement practice on application of the intersectoral nature of prejudice in the modern Russian criminal process and its limits. Comparative, analytical and historical research methods ...

... processes in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and try to establish reasons and factors behind social shocks. Students seek to juxtapose the consideration of evolu­tionary changes with cardinal changes in the life of society and to register the existence of manipulated and spontaneous processes. In their essays, students arrive at conclusions about whether a revolution is possible today. 1. Маркс К. Классовая борьба во Франции с 1848 по 1850 г. // Маркс ...

The article focuses on different approaches to the definition of the legal state nature that has existed over time. The research is aimed at identifying the modern frames of the legal state that functions as a necessary counterbalance to the state monopoly on power and governance. The cope of research methodology is very wide, including the dialectic ...

... considered through the prism of relations between the Soviet republics and the central authorities of the USSR. The economic development of Soviet Lithuania was a decisive fac­tor in the republic’s territorial organization and management. By accepting the existing borders in the post-Soviet period Russia showed its aspiration to establish and develop genuinely good neighbourly relations with the truly sovereign Republic of Lithuania. 1. Документы внешней политики СССР. Т....

... use of information sys­tems in the case of Russia’s agricultural industry. I compare the infor­mation system with information and the information infrastructure and show that agriculture lacks a single information infrastructure. Further, I review existing classifications of information systems and the types of in­formation provisions using such systems. I consider national and municipal information system as a means to provide state and municipal services and as a regulatory practice and examine ...

... way to describe interactions among states, organisations, and households. The methodology I employ relies on critical analysis, the noosphere economy con­cept, and the systemic-behavioural approach to economic processes and phe­nomena. In analysing existing approaches to the state and the socio-economic evolution, I emphasise the need to develop a special approach – a behavioural geoeconomics. It perceives states as single-order actors in the external and in­ternal segments of the economic space....

... correlation between two basic concepts of the theory of law and transcendental phenomenology. Each concept has its own meaning and performs its specific function. The article aims is to identify the specifics of each concept in order to understand the existing theoretical distinctions between them. 1. Архипов С. И. Субъект права. Теоретическое исследование. СПб., 2004. 2. Лекторский В. А. Можно ли совместить конструктивизм ...

The article describes the subjects of legal monitoring in the sphere of Justice of the Peace. The author formulates the definition of the "subject of legal monitoring of the justice of the peace" concept. Based on the analysis of the existing ideas about subjects of legal monitoring and practical experience of monitoring of justice of the peace, the classifications of subjects of legal monitoring of the of justice of the peace are proposed depending on the number of participants and ...

... excessive deficit procedure // Official Journal of the European Union. 1997. Vol. 40. L209. P. 6—11. URL: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1997/1467/oj (дата обращения: 01.10.2017). 7. Council Decision abrogating Decision 2009/415/EC on the existence of an excessive deficit in Greece: 19 September 2017 // European Commission, Closed Excessive Deficit Procedures. URL: http://data.consilium . europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11240-2017-INIT/en/pdf (дата обращения: 01.10.2017). 8. Commission ...

... ensure equal access of people with various disabilities to transport. This article examines the rights of disabled people associated with the use of vehicles as well as the main problems pertaining to it. The author considers legal practices and the existing provisions for ensuring access to transport and suggests possible comprehensive solutions to the most serious problems in this area. 1. Конституция Российской Федерации: официальный текст. М., ...

... policy in the economic sphere and analyses the recent changes to Chapter 22 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis, general trends in the relevant legislative activity are identified and recommendations to overcome the existing deficiencies made. 1. Иванчин А. И. Финансово-экономические перемены как фактор конструирования новых и реконструкции либо ликвидации старых ...

Analyzing the military and political consequences of the Great War it is essential to study the process of decision-making. Along with objective factors, various subjective factors were also important. Later subjective factors turned to be hidden from the researcher’s eye, being ignored by propaganda. However, it neither diminishes their significance, nor proves their non-existence. Basing on a few examples this author makes an attempt to reconstruct the motives and fears of several key figures of...

... unpaid taxes. It is noted that the Plenum of the Supreme Court is expected to amend current Decision No. 64 of 28.12.2006 ‘On the practices of courts applying criminal legislation on liability for tax crimes’. It is also stressed that, despite the existing obligation to pay insurance premiums, there is no rule on criminal liability of persons evading such payments. In this regard, it is proposed to include liability for failing to pay insurance premiums to the state budget funds in the disposition ...

... 1990s, made it possible to single out a separate group of settlements on the Vistula Lagoon shore — Waldburg-type monuments. Taking into consideration the distinctive cultural features of the complex, and its early dating, we can safely assume the existence of a protophase in the course of Primorskaya Culture development, which hypothetically took place between 3100—2900 BC. Globular Amphorae Culture and Sub-Neolithic Cultures could have influenced the protophase the most. 1. Зальцман ...

This article examines organizational and material resources behind the emergence of tour activities as a field of tourism in the Kaliningrad region. Based on the archive materials of the Regional Trade Unions Council and the Regional Tourism Board and existing tours, the author studies decision on the establishment and functioning of tour agencies and analyses the methods and key areas of their operation in the second half of the 1960s. 1. Государственный архив Калининградской ...

This article discusses the ontological and epistemological aspects of the interpretation of time in N. O. Lossky’s ideal realism. It is stressed that time is a form of events initiated by substantial actors in the process of world creation. The author analyses the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of time. The features of synchronous and asynchronous aspects of cognising existential processes by an agent are identified in the framework of epistemology. 1. Гайденко П. П. Время. Длительность...

... Ethnomethodology // American Sociological Review. 1999. Vol. 8, № 6. 4. Harrel В. Symbols, Perception and Meaning // Sociological Theory: Inquires and Paradigms. N. Y., 2003. 5. Mead G. H. Mind, Self and Society. Chicago, 2002. 6. Pfnetze P. E. Self, Society, Existence. Human Nature and Dialogue in the Thought of G. H. Mead and M. Buber. N. Y., 2002.

The advance of the population aging process leads to new socioeconomic consequences, including the formation of the so-called sandwich generation — 55-65 year olds, predominantly females, who care for their elderly parents, raise children (or grandchildren), and perform their professional duties. One of the key problems faced by people in this situation is psychological adaptation to the changing life conditions. This article considers changes in the 50-65 year old population in Russia and identify...

The article deals with the phenomenon of idealism in 18th century European science. The author focuses on the methods and images of constructing a philosophical model that Kant borrowed from his predecessors. The status of existence of the external world in the space of Berkeley’s philosophy and its influence on Kant’s system are analysed as one of the key issues of idealism. The author seeks to familiarize the reader with the contentious issues relating to the problem ...

This article examines changes in the federal laws governing the institution of citizenship in the Russian Federation. Proposals on improving the existing legislation are made based on the analysis conducted. 1. Европейская конвенция о гражданстве от 6 ноября 1997 г. ETS № 166 [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ.-правовой ...

... authorized representative in collusion with the taxpayer or by those conducting entrepreneurial activities through a figurehead. It is stressed that the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court should clarify these issues through introducing amendments to the existing Resolution No. 64 of December 28, 2006 "On the practice of court application of criminal legislation concerning liability for tax crimes". 1. Статистические сведения о состоянии преступности ...

This article justifies the use of economic dynamics principles in the process of modelling the existing system of household waste accumulation. The authors identify a number of factors relating to the tendency of various organisational manifestations to stable equilibrium of the process of accumulating household waste in containers. The model is ...

Historically, the magistrates’ court — being a public institute in its nature — has co-existed with community (communal) authorities, including judiciary institutions. As a result, under certain conditions, community courts are subject to the magistrates’ court or even included in its structure, absorbed by it. This article investigates the background and course of this process in the history of the Russian Empire of the 19th/early 20th centuries. The author explains how volost courts gradually became...

... Code of the Russian Federation relating to the construction of a system of legal entities. It is concluded that there is a deviation from earlier doctrinal statements about the directions of system development. The changes do not take into account the existing interconnections and may have a negative impact on law enforcement practices. 1. О внесении изменений в главы 1, 2, 3 и 4 части первой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации ...

The development of the tourism industry in the Kaliningrad region is identified as one of the priority areas of economic development. The existing tourism and recreational potential, favorable climatic conditions, and a large number of cultural and historical sites should contribute to the effective development of the region. The cluster approach should become a catalyst for the development ...

... favorable investment climate in Russia as a major factor of modernization and justifies the need to improve the investment legislation. The investment potential of Russia is ensured through a high level of demand of the producing sector for capital and the existing prerequisites for its implementation. Another way to improve the state economic policy is to ensure smooth functioning of the market infrastructure and the development of private enterprises. 1. О внесении изменений в ст....

... четвертую Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации, а также в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации». This article considers the existing procedure of legal regulation of contracts for the issues/usage of bank cards, including the liabilities of banks relating to such contracts. The author focuses on the position of legislator in the context of the discussion of the draft law On ...

... president of the European Marketing Academy, Doctor Honoris Causa Udo Wagner. The analysis of marketing aspects of modern business activities, first of all empirical research and market modelling helped Prof. Wagner justify propositions on improving the existing models and procedures of their practical application. The article described the international activity of Prof. Wagner: conference reports and guest lectures at leading universities of the world. 1. Natter M., Mild A., Wagner U., Taudes A. Planning ...

This article focuses on the interpretation of Kant’s political philosophy given by V. Gerhardt within his “existential liberalism” and by J. Habermas in the applied part of his communicative theory. The author addresses similarity and complementarity in the identification of political agent and its properties. 1. Кант И. К вечному миру // Соч. : в 6 т. М., 1966. Т. 6. С. 257—347. 2. Кант И. Предполагаемое начало человеческой истории // Избр. : в 3 т.Калининград, 1998. Т. 2 : К вечному миру...

The article considers civil problems of payment by bank cards and analyses the existing legal base. The author suggests methods of improving the legislation regulating payments by bank cards. 1. Положение об эмиссии банковских карт и об операциях, совершаемых с использованием ...

The role of tourism as one of the priority of regional development is grounded. The positive and negative factors of transforming tourism into the leading branch of the Economy of the Kaliningrad Oblast are formulated. The existing programmes targeting the tourism development are examined. There is characteristic of tourism services in Kaliningrad region by branches focusing on the economic activities of tourist companies and accommodations as an example. 1.  Драгилева ...

This article considers the institutional aspects of discrete investment choice at the regional level through the example of the SEZ in the Kaliningrad region. The authors analysed the changes of the institution of SEZ throughout the latter's existence as well as the conditions of the economic agent activity within the SEZ. With the help of the Devereaux, Griffith model (1999, 2003), which describes the interconnections between the corporate taxation and discrete investment choice, the authors ...

This article examines the practical aspects of the use of bank cards in civil circulation. The author analyses the existing legal framework and practice of the courts and puts forward proposals concerning the improvement of legislation regulating the bank card payments. 1.  Ротко С.   В. Банковские карты как ценные бумаги ...

The analysis of existing rule of International humanitarian law governing the cases of use of human shields by the parties of armed conflict justifies the conclusion that these persons are a sui generis case and should be regarded as an exception to a number of general ...

... to justify the updated author’s version of periodization of history of justice of the peace in Russia. The periodization includes four stages covering a time span from the 12th century to the present, is based on unified criteria, and rectifies the existing terminology and chronology. Each stage is a period of time embracing, on the one hand, a combination of political, social, and legal conditions of the development of justice of the peace and, on the other hand, the system of justice of the peace ...

The study of existing methodological approaches identified their weaknesses as to insufficient consideration of factors and their influence. The author offers a methodological approach to the assessment of competitiveness of small enterprises (SE) on the basis of ...

... institutions and the regional government are implementing measures to support the subjects of the IPU, including in the peripheral municipalities of the region. At the same time, the analysis of the current situation shows that along with programs to support existing organizations, a lot of important aspect is the implementation of programs aimed at increasing entrepreneurial activity among the local population, mainly in rural areas of semi-peripheral and peripheral municipalities of the Kaliningrad region

... agglomerations in the status of metropolitan areas is underrepresented in modern Russian conditions. Spatial planning documents concerning agglomerations usually do not reflect the realities and relations within these formations, which have de facto existed for a long time. Moreover, the experience in managing such forms of settlement is accumulated abroad, where active reorganization of the management system is regularly taking place, the paradigms and principles of development of spatial planning ...

... municipalities of the Kaliningrad region for organizing recrea­tional routes as one of the promising forms of rural tourism. As part of the re­search, a number of expeditions were organized to the Slavsk and Polessk mu­nicipalities, where an inventory of the existing infrastructure was carried out. Based on the results, a map of the tourism objects and infrastructure was drawn up. The work has both theoretical and practical value. 1. О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон ...

... analyze the degree of satisfaction of the rural population from the eastern municipalities of the Kaliningrad region with a current public transport network and the quality of transport services provided. The findings led to the conclusion that the existing passenger management system satisfies most of the respondents. At the same time, according to the responses, the network asks for both infrastructural and systematic development, especially in the most ‘challenged’ municipalities of the Kaliningrad ...

... the Baltics and the Kaliningrad region. A comprehensive historical and geographical analysis helped to reconstruct balances for each landmark in the evolution of agricultural nature management in the Baltics and the Kaliningrad region. Several models existed in the region over the time – those of production curtailment in the war and post-war years and in the period following the collapse of the USSR and those of booming agriculture observed in 1913—1914, 1975—1980, and the past decade. 1. ...

... considers several nature management practices and suggests using the landscape approach for the optimization of nature management of in the region. Landscape planning makes it possible to introduce key achievements of the landscape science into the existing economic practices and environmental policies in the region. 1. Антитпов А. Н., Кравченко В. В., Семенов Ю. М. и др. Ландшафтное планирование: инструменты и опыт применения....

... outcoming flows in the 1990s and 2000s revealed two new zones of gravitation in the neighbouring countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia), which today play an important role in shaping both incoming and outgoing flows. A compact zone that used to exist in the Baltic countries changed its profile during the analyzed period and shifted from a migrant provider to a reciever. Interregional Russian relations at this time were characterized by both balanced intensity of migratory relations a nd new ...

The border as a spatial and socio-cultural phenomenon has been an immediate subject of study for a long time. A convincing reason supporting this statement is the existence of an independent branch of science on borders, "limology" (Latin: limes — Border). For the geographical sciences border is also a traditional subject of study, where the interest focuses on its impact on the geographical objects ...

... system as a treatment option for complex endometrial hyperplasia // Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2011. Vol. 159, № 1. P. 176—179. 18. Linkov F., Edwards R., Balk J. et al. Endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer and prevention: gaps in existing research of modifiable risk factors // Eur. J. Cancer. 2008. Vol. 44, № 12. P. 1632—1644. 19. Pashov A. I., Tshay V. B., Ionouchene S. V. The combined GnRH-agonist and intrauterine levonorgestrel-releasing system treatment of complicated ...

The traditional method of determining the propagation of acoustic waves during ARFI-elastometry of the liver as well as the existing norms are rather controversial. The article aims at standardization of techniques and the development of protocols for the AFRI elastometry of the liver. The study identifies factors for a more accurate ARFI elastometry imaging of the liver: ...

This paper attempts to analyse the existing regional disparities with the help of the proposed population and territory performance indices. A regional analysis is carried out on the basis of index calculations; certain territorial groups of regions are identified. The author examines ...

This article focuses on the current state of research on the properties of skin chronoaging. The authors analyse the possibility of practical application of the existing diagnostic methods of assessing age-related skin transformations for establishing the age of living persons in the framework of forensic identification tests. Major trends in the development of the methodology of age estimation from skin and ...

... variations in the information status of liver tissue in dogs of reproductive age suffering fr om hepatic adenoma, liver cancer, and non-cancer diseases. It is shown that, in case of non-cancer pathological conditions, the liver tissue system mobilizes the existing structural adaptation resources while tending towards destruction. A decrease in the system reliability make it possible to perform a successful correction of the biosystem, i. e. treatment. In case of tumours, the liver tissue system becomes ...