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This article considers Lessing’s theatrical project of establishing a German National theatre aimed at founding a “school of morality” in Hamburg. In the 18th century, Hamburg was considered a stronghold of freedom in the opposition between the two forms of being — the feudal and burgher’s ones — having become a capital of the new system of values. Philosophy and arts served as a means in this struggle against dogmatism and feudal absolutism. In this atmosphere, a newconceptual culture emerged. This...

... moral theology discussed on one side, and the cosmological proof on the other. A transcription and description of the sheet is provided, followedby a “Question & Answer” with the goal of dating the notes describing the two separate arguments for the existence of God. The use of the expressions ‘Moraltheologie’ (moral theology) and ‘Endzweck’ (final purpose), as well as the discussion of ‘an object of the moral will’ — all of which touchupon a central point of Kant’s developing moral ...

This article analyses the system of inferences used by Kant in Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason to demonstrate the existence of evil disposition (Gesinnung). The author be¬lieves that, in this work, Kant introduces two innovations in respect of the fundamental project presented in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. He emphasises that freedom is not justified ...

... critique of cosmological argument does not take into account the existential presuppositions of Aristotelian syllogistic, so it is logically untenable. The basic idea of Kant is that the cosmological proof does not rely on the empirical premise (i.e. the existence of the world). Instead, it resorts covertly to the ontological proof. This is the second stage of the proof, when fr om the notion of a necessary being (ens necessarium) they move to the concept of a most real being (ens realissimum), i.e. God....

... method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over theoretical reason. The humanity owes its development and existence to practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Гартман Н. Этика. СПб., 2002. 2. Гуревич П. С. Философская антропология: учебное пособие. М., 1997....

... indicators of business letter consistency, like its self-designation, the direction of communication, capability of initiation, inclusion into a particular group of documents on the basis of their function. Within the system of business correspondence, which existed in the offices of the Don Cossack Army, business letters were informing and regulatory documents that accompanied the process of investigation, provided multi-level business communication (from a superior to an inferior, from an inferior to a ...

... resists in his negative dialectic the dictatorship of another pernicious SOMEONE who sets the false movement. In a remarkable symmetry to post-structuralist theories about the “totalitarianism of language”, Handke experiences in his own verbalized existence the pernicious power of some of this totalitarianism, seeking to free himself from it in a kind of poetic resistance to the dictatorship of those discursive practices of the Western world that lead to the “death of the subject” (Foucault)....

... princip­les for studying education in Orthodox comprehensive education schools is justified, inclu­ding the principles of objectivity, essential analysis, genetic analysis, unity of historical and lo­gical approaches, systematicity, combining the existing with the required, and activity-orien­ted principles. Since the research on the topic of education in modern Orthodox com­pre­hensive education schools is not yet complete, some principles are characterized as guidelines for further study,...

The article verifies the proposal that the study of the onomastic compo­nent makes it possible to reveal more fully the specific of the language person­ality of the Russian military officer. Theoretical analysis of existing papers re­sults in a generalized concept of a language personality as an image of a bear­er of knowledge, models of behavior and reactions, cultural-linguistic and communicative-activity values. The vocabulary activated in communication is ...

... features of the concept, actualized in the utterance) and figurative-descriptive repre­sentations (such as ontological cognitive metaphors). The study has shown that the complex use of the above mentioned tools enriches the interpretation field of the existing concept and can serve as the basis for the emergence of a new one. The theoretical ideas are illustrated by examples from German texts by P. Celan, many of which have not been translated into Russian before. It is concluded that the following ...

... defend modern patterns self-image becomes traditional contradiction in teen­ager’s self-determination. Difficulties of self-determination in the real rela­tionship define teenager’s escapism and search for the value of self-image in a virtual existence. This study highlights the mechanisms and conditions under which escapism becomes dangerous for adolescents, distorts their self-image, and contributes to the loss of its adequacy. The purpose of the study is to iden­tify options for non-constructive ...

... belonging to separate languages). Linguistic material in question is obtained in the dic­tionaries of personal names by leading experts, N. A. Petrovsky and A. V. Superanskaya and is introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time. The existence of these names today is traced, the degree of their populari­ty is determined. 1. Бондалетов В. Д. Русская ономастика. М., 1983. 2. Вельтман А. Ф. Древние славянские собственные ...

This article considered Beckett’s French short stories through the prism of philosophical and aesthetic foundations of modernist music. The rejection of tonal hierarchies by dodecaphonists to transcend the limits of the traditional sonic semiosis can be compared to Beckett’s aspiration to go beyond the ‘fetish’ of words. The study emphasizes similarities between the creative systems of Beckett and the Second Viennese School/neoclassicists. The commonalities range from the work with patterns, which...

In this article, we describe approaches to studying the verbal threat, which exist in the recent Russian and international research literature. We examine the essence of the verbal threat from the perspective of speech act the­ory. We identify the major content-related components of utterances contain­ing threats and explain ...

Our comparative study focuses on Mickiewicz’s Saint Petersburg poems (Part III of Dzyady, 1832) and Pushkin’s The Bronze Horseman (1833). We explore the eschatological figurativeness of the two texts and the eccentricity, as Yuri Lotman put it, of the Saint Petersburg space. We conclude that Mickiewicz’s eschatology of Saint Petersburg is linked to the biblical myth of Babylon. Nominal rhetorical detachment permeates his perception of the Saint Petersburg flood. Pushkin’s position consists of two...

... single identification in the literature. My analysis shows that, in the novel, mythopoetics is a means to create a metaphorical image of reality. The theme of the text and its key motifs are most fully expressed in the complex interactions among links existing within this reality. 1. Владимирова Н. Г. Условность, созидающая мир. Поэтика услов­ных форм в современном романе Великобритании. Новгород, 2001....

... with disabilities on their social integration and inclu­sion. The complexity of internal contradictions of these processes and a limited number of research works on the problem determined the need for a new inte­grative analysis and synthesis of the existing theories and empirical facts. The evolution of the concepts of social integration and inclusion of people with disabilities is described as a socio-political trend of imposing ‘inclusive socie­ty’ and ignoring its stratification and the ...

The authors prove the possibility of revealing semantic invariants of pro­phetic dreams and folk signs. The study shows that such invariants do exist, and they stay with the other side of the language, belong to the deep sphere of human mentality (unconscious), have a special sign nature (they are both se­mantic signs and images). From this point of view, the problem of synchronic­ity — acausal ...

The poetic destiny of the outstanding German poet and novelist Johannes Bobrowski is being considered. His poetology in the most complicated synthesis of antinomic semantics and metrics is being analyzed. The existence of guilt with its exacerbated spirit of his Christian humanity’s eschatological personalism in creative work of Bobrowski is being emphasized. The conclusion about the essential equality of his poetic language and being/nothingness in his ...

The article explores the motive complex of impersonality in Yegor Letov's poetics as a unity of stable figurative series and typical strategies of poetic language. Confirmation-overcoming of the borders of I is an existential conflict, which is one of the most important constants of Yegor Letov's personal poetic ontology. 1. Авилова Е.Р. Телесность как основная универсалия авангардной модели мира (на примере творчества Егора Летова) // Русская рок-поэзия: текст и контекст. Тверь, 2010. № 11. С...

... development of technology. The author explores new approaches to the modernization of the system of education, which are based on big data technologies, including unstructured data. The article offers techniques and tools that could help to solve the existing problems in education and describes some negative consequences of the massive use of big data in modern digital society. 1. 152,000 Smart Devices Every Minute In 2025: IDC Outlines The Future of Smart Things // Forbes. URL: https://www.forbes....

... analysis of F. de Saussure's 1872—1911 authentic texts. A component analysis makes it possible to identify the characteristics of formation of general linguistic terms. It is established that F. de Saussure's terminology (118 preterms) is based on existing lexical units of different systems. Tectological mechanisms transformed Saussure’s terminology into a linguistic terminological system consisting of 36 scientific terms. 1. Cardona T. R. Négativité, récursivité, incalculabilité, les quaternions ...

The author analyses the specific features of B. Ryzhy’s poetry, showing that G. Ivanov’s works influenced his poetic manner. The author reveals the reasons of commonality of their existentialistic worldview, which was predetermined by some biographic and sociocultural factors. Reinterpreting G. Ivanov’s key motifs and imagery, B. Ryzhy enriches his lyrics by bringing in Soviet and post-Soviet connotations. G. Ivanov’s tragic intonation gains a new sound expressing the experience of man living in...

Wry humor is viewed as an essential aspect of philosophical discourse. The authors analyze gloomy philosophical motives including life, death, human existence, social interactions, loneliness. The article shows that comprehending these issues through the wry humor acquires pessimistic connotation. 1. Даль В. И. Пословицы русского народа // Хранители сказок ...

The paper presents analysis of ekphrasis as part of artistic structure in D. Tartt’s «The Goldfinch», its plot and images of characters. The paper proves that ekphrasis helps the writer to describe the important tendencies of the existence of culture in the contemporary society. Existential motifs connected with the meeting of characters with the art treasures are also analyzed. 1. Анцыферова О. Ю. «Южный миф» и роман Донны Тартт «Маленький ...

The author describe the notions of “competence”, “competency” and “qualimetric competence”. The existing models of the qualimetric competence are analysed. The authors introduce their own model of qualimetric competence using the concept of the individuality. 1. Гребенюк О. С., Гребенюк Т. Б. Основы педагогики ...

... spatial model of the mentioned metaphor and the specific character of its cognitive-semantic organization are revealed. The author identifies the specific features of the metaphorical reconsideration of Russian reality and the ways of the character’s existence in the world. In A.V. Ilichevsky’s short story collection, the conceptual metaphor of death is identified on the basis of the common conceptual metaphor semantics of “vision/no-vision” and “dream”. 1. Дехнич О. В. Концептуальная ...

The article is an attempt to systemize the existing scientific ideas of perfectionism through a content analysis and factorization of the content component of the phenomenon, since numerous empirical studies into psychological patterns of this phenomenon are conducted at the moment on the basis ...

This article considers the current state of the existing system of education in the Russian Federation and analyses the main problems of the development of human resources potential within the tourism industry, as well as the trends in the training of specialists in tourism and hospitality. The author ...

In the article the phenomenon «Another I» of the hero on a story material «the Amnesia Anastasia» is analyzed by N. Kononov. In work the letter as the basic way of communications of the hero with the imagined addressee is considered, and existence of the alternative person of the hero contacts special unsteadiness, instability and step-type behaviour of the art world of the given author. 1. Агеев В. Н. Семиотика. М., 2002. 2. Берестнев Г. И. Прозвище ...

This article offers an author’s interpretation of such notions as “educational service” and “education quality”. The author describes the existing approaches to classification of consumption values, identifies the components of educational services that are of importance in the context of consumption values, and outlines the prospects of applying value approach to developing educational ...

This article considers the realisation of the Enlightenment landscape utopia on the example of the analysis of the evolution of utopian ideas by Andrei Bolotov in his autobiographical work “Life and Adventures”. The author of the article outlines the destruction of ‘natural state’ of a human being by the realities of the ‘Iron Age’ that followed the Enlightenment. 1.  Болотов А.   Т . Жизнь и приключения Андрея Болотова, описанные самим им для своих потомков: в 3 т.: 1771—1795. М., 1993....

... some conceptual considerations about structure and contents of the German-Russian dictionary of neologisms, which is positioned by authors as the specialised bilingual dictionary of passive type for the Russianspeaking user and has to supplement the existing general German-Russian dictionaries. 1. Большой немецко-русский словарь : в 3 т. / авт.-сост. М. Я. Цвиллинг, Е. И.   Лепинг, Н. П. Страхова и др.; под общ. рук....

The article provides an overview of the existing theories of categorization and their critical analysis categorization is a basic cognitive process, providing a basis for a variety of cognitive activities. The author tracks down the evolution of different theories of categorization and their ...

This paper describes lacunes, non-equivalent words and culture-specific concepts in the Public Relations terminology. It is the first time that the relationships between the concept, sememe and lexeme have been analyzed. 1.  Англо-русский словарь / В.   К. Мюллер. М., 1990. 2.  Англо-русский дипломатический словарь / В.   С. Шахназарова. М., 2001. 3.  Англо-русский словарь по рекламе и маркетингу / В.   Б. Бобров. М., 1999. 4.  Большой словарь иностранных слов / Ю.   А. Москвич. М., 2003....

This article theoretically and empirically analyses the regularities of emergence and course of existential crisis caused by the acceptance and the attempts at implementation of non-realistic meaning of life. 1. Абульханова-Славская К.   А. Стратегия жизни. М., 1991. 2. Каракозов Р.   Р. Организация смыслопоисковой активности человека как ус­ловие осмысления жизненного опыта // Психология с человеческим лицом: гу­манистическая перспектива в постсоветской психологии. М., 1997. С. 257—273...

... Administrative Region. The article examines the features of the applied special business regimes and periodization of their development. The author describes the tax benefits used by investors, subsidies for the deve­lopment of the labor market, indicates the existing shortcomings and problems in the legal regulation of entrepreneurship. Proposals for developing the in­vest­ment attractiveness of a special legal regime for entrepreneurship and to improving legislation have been formulated.

... important. The author’s definition of the concept of “monitoring the state of geopolitical security” is given as a study of the process of formation, changes in time and ways of eliminating and/or preventing threats and vulnerabilities for the existence and development of this society.

... problems, a corpus of historical sources reflecting the reaction of public institutions to a recalcitrant priest was studied. These include state authorities, the synodal and the Old Believer church. The author concludes that the beglopopovtsy successfully existed before the appearance of the belokrinitsky hierarchy. The article also notes the inability of the local secular and ecclesiastical authorities to solve problems related to the Old Believers.

... rest of the citizens of the USSR were involved in the overall development of the country. At the same time, the high rate of emigration from the region in the post-war years suggests that the work of the local media could not mask the problems that existed.

... 1791 and 1803 and to demonstrate the function of regulations and normative documents of this pe­riod. The process of identifying these portraits, through complex analysis and comparative approach, offered an opportunity to cast a fresh look at the exist­ing tangible culture and to bring to light one of the mechanisms of construct­ing the identity of the French nation, its symbols and national language.

The article is devoted to the urban identity construction within the exist­ing, inhomogeneous, conflicting discourse of the cultural heritage of St. Pe­tersburg. The discursive practices of the actors of 7 discourses within the main discourse of the cultural heritage of St. Petersburg are reconstructed from the media ...

... study of this topic makes it possible to broaden the understanding of the development of the German Trotskyist movement in its regional perspective and to look differently at the political landscape of East Prussia, in which various opposition groups existed alongside the official parties.

... activities results (hereinafter — ORD) in modern criminal procedural law. The views established in science regarding the use of materials obtained in the course of conducting operational-­search activities (hereinafter referred to as ORM), as well as existing law enforcement realities, correlate with the views established in science regarding the use in criminal procedural evidence obtained during the conduct of operational-­search activities (hereinafter referred to as ORM). The article reveals ...

... development in modern criminal proceedings. The research considers the possibility of holding court sessions using public messengers, and possible risks of this method of communication in the framework of legal proceedings are shown. Taking into account the existing specifics of modern videoconferencing, which causes not only the impossibility of personal presence in the courtroom, but also the ineffectiveness of some rhetoric and psychological techniques, the question is raised about the feasibility of ...

The article states that psychological knowledge is important for effectively exercising state prosecution in a jury trial. The main purpose of the research is to establish and analyze existing tactical and psychological issues of prosecutor’s participation in court proceedings in criminal cases with the participation of jurors and to develop proposals for their solution. The set of general scientific and special methods is the background ...

... the main law. The author employs methods of historical, systemic, comparative legal and dialectical logic analysis. The following forms of the development of the Constitution have been identified: revision, amend­ment, adoption or perfection of the existing sub-constitutional normative legal acts, official and casual interpretation of the Constitution by the Constitu­tional Court of the Russian Federation. The author considers all proposals to revise the text of the Constitution groundless since ...

The topicality of this pilot study is predetermined by the necessity to op­timize cross-cultural interaction in polyethnic regions by means of revelation of its subjects’ sociological portrait. In this research, the author attempts to experimentally investigate the nature of cross-cultural interaction in master­ing a macro-mediator language in the academic discourse. A sce­nario of the standardized interview has been used as a method of research. The sce­nario features various factors of personality...

... analyses the behavioural reaction of partic­ipants of the London gold fixing and the London electronic auction to the emergence of new centres of military conflicts and "colour revolutions, as well as the intentions of some world leaders to break the existing military and stra­tegic balance of forces in an attempt to introduce a new world order. The au­thor determines the conditions, which allow participants of the world gold market to become subjects of modern geopolitics. 1. Буневич К....

... in the economy and social sectors, as well as expanding the public access to various innovative solutions and technologies that can increase the level of well-being and the quality of the living environment. The purpose of this study is to assess the existing differences between the rural and urban population in the provision of banking, public, information and communication services as the basis for activating the innovation process. The study is carried out on urban and rural municipalities of the ...