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The state of the macrozoobenthos of the Curonian Lagoon of the Baltic Sea under complete ice cover during the hydrological winter was examined based on data from 2010 and 2011. No information on the under-ice benthos of the lagoon has been previously published. Benthic grab samples were collected at six stations in the profundal zone of the lagoon, and underwater video recording was also performed at one station. The composition and structure of the macrozo­obenthos at most stations were similar...

The study of the spatial development of territories is one of the pressing tasks of social geography of the XX—XXI centuries. In the era of modern globalization and transformation of the world economy, strengthening of agglomeration effects and concentration of economic forces and population in a small number of centers, the problem of development, recovery and revival of depressed and peripheral territories is of particular importance. The purpose of this article is to conduct a critical analysis...

The article examines the features of the spatial organization of student campuses using examples from domestic and international experience. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing role of university campuses as drivers of regional socio-economic development and the formation of the “creative class.” The aim of the work is to identify models of the spatial organization of university campuses, to conduct their comparative analysis, and to assess the prospects for implementing foreign...

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC). Despite significant growth in freight traffic in recent years and its strategic importance in the context of the global transformation of logistics, the INSTC remains inferior to traditional routes and realizes only a small portion of its potential. The development of the corridor is constrained by infrastructure limitations (differences in railway gauge, seasonality of navigation, and low capacity...

The relevance of the study of interim decisions in proceedings before courts of first in­stance is due, first, to their diversity; second, to their legal value and significance for the pro­gress of a criminal case during the consideration and resolution of a criminal-law dispute on the merits; and third, by the fragmented requirements applied to them. The aim of the study is to formulate a definition of an interim decision, to determine its place among the decisions of the court of first instance...

The article examines the system of training academic personnel in the history of the Russian state and law at the law faculties of the Russian Abroad in Harbin and Prague in the 1920—1930s. The main sources include case-related documentation from the archives of Russian institutions (State Archive of the Russian Federation, Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, State Archive of the Rostov Region), memoirs, and publications by contemporary emigrant scholars. It is argued that the training system...

The article examines the issue of the place of the Old Believer community in the Northwestern region of the Russian Empire during the process of Russification in the 19th to early 20th centuries. To achieve the research goal, the following tasks were addressed: a historical overview of the formation of the community in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was provided, a characterization of the existence of the Old Believer community in the region within the Russian Empire was given, circumstances of the...

The article discusses the most significant issues of legal regulation and forensic support for the identification of living persons carried out within the framework of pre-trial proceedings. Empirical materials illustrating typical mistakes made during this procedure are provided. The authors also emphasize the necessity of working with the recognized individuals during the identification process. Examples of procedural and criminalistic errors in presenting individuals for identification in conditions...

The article considers the tactical aspects of the prosecutor’s participation in forming the jury panel. The study aims to identify and analyze existing tactical issues of the state prosecu­tor’s involvement in this stage of judicial proceedings and develop proposals for their resolu­tion. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific and specialized methods, as well as a situational approach. Tactical tasks facing the state prosecutor at this stage of legal proceedings...

The specific features of doctrinal principles of law, complicating the process of their clas­sification, are noted. Based on a positivist legal understanding, three original classifications of doctrinal principles of Russian law are proposed. The first classification is based on criteria such as the source of origin and the source in which the doctrinal principle is formulated. The second classification criterion for doctrinal principles of law is recognition by the scientific community. Within the...

The article discusses the development and implementation of digital technologies in the supervisory activities of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. The main aspects of the state policy on the digital transformation of the bodies and organizations of the Russian Prosecutor’s Office have been studied. The authors focus on general trends in the informatiza­tion of prosecutorial activities for the purpose of strengthening legality and maintaining law and order. The experience of the...

The author studies the activity of Russian military engineers operating under the command of D. I. Debosket in the army of S. F. Apraksin on the territory of Prussia during the Seven Years' War. It is shown that as the province was occupied by Russian troops, the engineering tasks were changing: there was a transition from equipping the track infrastructure to restoring defensive facilities. Restoration work was complicated by a variety of circumstances, including the lack of military engineers in...

In the Russian Federation, everyone is guaranteed the right to freely use their property and skills to carry out entrepreneurial activities. The State is taking a set of measures aimed at both stimulating the population to engage in entrepreneurship and creating the most comfortable conditions for its implementation. However, providing entrepreneurs with ample opportunities to accomplish their intentions, unfortunately, not only gave rise to such a phenomenon as illegal entrepreneurship, which is...

10.5922/sikbfu-2023-1-9

The article examines the features of the functioning of realia words in the text of Salman Rushdie's novel "Midnight’s Children." The delimitation of the term "realia words" is car­ried out in its comparison with the concept of "realia." The language specificity of the novel is noted, which consists of intentionally incorporating exotic vocabulary into the text without corresponding authorial commentary, the meaning of which can be understood by a non-native reader only...

The object of this study is a blog as a form of digital communication that often violate the linguistic security. The subject of the study was the comments of Yandex-Zen blogs about cooking and beauty as a tool for the implementation of verbal abuse. The purpose of the study is to highlight the linguo-conflictogenic components of discourse that violate the linguistic security of participants in digital communication. To achieve this goal, a descriptive method and the method of discursive analysis...

An assessment of environmental pollution in the city of Orenburg was conducted using the fluctuating asymmetry method. The common mountain ash was chosen as an environ­mental indicator. Leaf collection took place at seven points in the city with varying anthropo­genic loads. The research aimed to determine the impact of aerotechnogenic pollution on the magnitude of the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf blade of the populations of mountain ash within the city of Orenburg. The study revealed that the...

The Kemerovo Region is situated in the Central deciduous-forest, forest-steppe, and steppe soil-bioclimate regions of the Subboreal temperate soil-bioclimate zone. The researched territory of the Kazachensky motor dumping site, which is within the Taldinsky coal mine, according to the soil-geographic zoning data, is located at the intersection of two soil-geographic districts — Kemerovo-Prokopyevsky and Kuznetsko-Alatausky. On the studied technogenic landscape, identified areas are characterized...

Contemporary scientific literature lacks clear formulations of the concepts «Arctic city», «city of the Far North», and «Northern city». This is largely due to the vague boundaries between the territories of the North and the Arctic. Within the framework of this study, the main approaches to defining the boundaries of the North were considered, and a comparative analysis of northern cities located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, Far North regions, and areas equated to them was conducted...

Land reclamation must ensure that the quality of the land complies with environmental quality standards and the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation. The pur­pose of this work was to study the process of formation of a reclamation layer in open-cast coal mines. The indicators of the quality of the fertile soil layer should correlate to the quality of the fertile soil layer on average for the region. For effective recultivation, the fertile soil layer should be distinguished by...

Russia and China are the countries with an active digital agenda and a high level of In­ternetization of the population. The modern foreign policy vector of the governments of the two countries is aimed at strengthening cooperation, including the digital sphere. The article provides an assessment of the cross-country digital divide with an emphasis on the analysis of the dynamics in the development of information and communication infrastructure and the use of the Internet by the population in 2010—2021...

The article focuses on the dynamics of the Kaliningrad region population in 1947—2023 and the dynamics components in 1990—2022 in comparison with the national average (based on the official statistics). The authors reveal some territorial features of the demographic pro­cesses, such as the development of settlement polarization and suburbanization, as well as the fundamental geodemographic differences between the near suburban zone of Kaliningrad and less urbanized eastern municipalities. It is proposed...

The paper studies the data of a comprehensive environmental survey of land plots in several streets (i. e. Basseynaya, Lieutenant Katina and Sportivnaya) of the city of Kaliningrad for their compliance with the requirements for a specially protected natural area of local importance. It is shown that the territory of the indicated forest park zone meets the main criteria for designating a specially protected natural area of local importance. Given the urban environment, the territory has a high level...

The article studies complexes of documents that were compiled in the Executive Authorities’ Archives and that are connected with citizens’ appeals to different authorities. The author reveals that it was the local executive bodies that chiefly processed citizens’ appeals, most of which were returned to the Executive Committee for them to be finally solved. Such applications concerned first of all citizens’ particular daily needs, such as electricity and food products supply, public utilities. The...

The research agenda of the most influential Polish think tanks involved in providing informational and expert support for foreign policy activities has been examined. Key political and economic aspects of the implementation of the “Three Seas Initiative,” which are the focus of attention of the Polish expert community, have been identified. Based on the body of publicly available expert opinions and analytical reports, the article presents an assessment of the activities of these think tanks, which...

The ethnopolitical movement of the Sámi in the Arctic region is examined through significant events in its development, including during Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine. The author attempts to assess the current stage of the movement’s development and justify factors of its stagnation, proposing potential positive change scenarios based on the analysis of leading scholarly works in ethnopolitics and international relations, as well as open official internet resources of international...

The article examines the main theoretical approaches of legal scholars related to the essence and understanding of general legal principles, and analyzes the distinctive aspects of general legal principles compared to others. The relevance of the article is due to its contentious nature regarding the content and essence of general legal principles among different authors. The novelty of the article lies in the analysis of contemporary general legal principles, and the identification of the relationship...

The article explores contemporary issues and questions related to the application of forensic environmental expertise within the framework of preliminary investigations, and evaluates its role in law enforcement activities. The research formulated and proposed the main tasks of forensic environmental expertise at the current stage, highlighted its features, and identified problems associated with the imperfection of the current methodological support for this type of forensic examination. Based on...

Recently, the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has been supplemented with provisions that establish liability for preparation for another crime and forms of complicity in committing another crime. In doctrine, such provisions are referred to as criminal law norms with dual prevention, as they are designed to prevent other, typically more serious, offenses. In 2022, the heightened threat of sabotage within Russia led to the introduction of Article 281.1 of the Criminal Code...

Local conditional landholding, which bolstered the rule of the Teutonic Order in Prussia, involved the utilisation of land parcels with diverse landscape characteristics, spanning from well-cultivated arable lands to less fertile areas covered with woods and shrubs. To ensure the stable existence of households, the Prussians were granted rights to fish and build watermills on their plots, along with cultivating the land. These rights, explored in this study within the chronological framework of 1242—1370...

This article analyses the theoretical provisions of international acts and domestic legislation regulating extradition and explores the interplay between international and national legal frameworks for extradition, focusing on a mechanism for safeguarding national interests within international treaties on extradition. The study follows the general research principle of objectivity, using, in particular, the formal legal method, abstraction, generalisation and general logical methods. The investigation...

The advancement of information technology and the digital economy pose a challenge that calls for developing specific legal approaches to comprehend phenomena such as marketplaces. This article reviews the stances adopted by Russian and international legislators regarding the understanding of marketplaces. It is shown that legislators apply a similar legal regulation logic and consider marketplaces as subjects in a legal relationship, defining them based on a set of distinctive traits. Some lawmakers...

The aim of this study is to analyze the potential of corporate training and identify the key aspects of this approach for creating effective pedagogical tools for the formation and development of both professional skills and personal qualities in software testers. A critical review of the literature, including domestic and foreign sources, is conducted to formulate an original concept for the formation and development of professional competencies in software testers within the context of corporate...

The article examines the influence of globalization, the spread of digital technologies, and the development of the internet on the psychology and lifestyle of Generation Z and Generation Alpha, as well as the impact of their psychological characteristics on their educational demands. Particular attention is given to analyzing the educational requests of these generations and assessing the effectiveness of the storytelling method and its digital version in the process of teaching foreign languages...

Speech disorders in children are a current issue of modern times, primarily because speech is a central cognitive function, without which the development of other mental processes, including thinking, is impossible. Speech development disorders in children can lead to difficulties in various areas in the future. This underscores the relevance of studying the causes of speech disorders in children and analyzing the factors influencing their occurrence. The aim of the research was to study the gender...

This article presents research findings on the potential of the educational process at a University college. It analyses the concepts of ‘potential’, ‘society’, and ‘potential of the educational process’. A model of educational potential is proposed and the requirements of the federal state standard for general and professional competencies within the disciplines Fundamentals of Life Safety and Life Safety in students of technology is examined. The study uncovers and examines forms of educational...

This article provides a brief overview of the current situation in Russian fanfiction, using texts from the popular Ficbook website. Although the research draws primarily on established concepts of the communicative component of fanfiction, it also offers a novel perspective on the relationship between readers and writers. This study presents the results of an internet-based survey and compares them with data from previous research efforts. It focuses on currently popular works, with particular attention...

This article aims to interpret the images of the red horse and the white poodle featured in Victor Sosnora’s poem The Latvian Ballad. These characters, mentioned in the final verses of each odd-numbered stanza, provide the leitmotif of the poem. Their appearance in the fictional world of The Latvian Ballad constitutes the primary event of the text. The title, indicating the genre and setting a national or local context, also significantly influences the meanings attributed to the red horse and the...

The ‘eastern branch’ of Russian émigré literature has received less scholarly attention than the works of authors who headed for the West in the aftermath of the 1917 revolution, making the position of the former within 20th-century Russian poetry a relevant research question. Valery Pereleshin is one of the prominent figures in the Chinese segment of Russian émigré literature. This article examines the metaphorical image of the bee, which has a crucial role in the poetics of Pereleshin’s book of...

This article analyses how media texts utilise phraseological units featuring family relationship vocabulary, aiming to identify the relationship between the semantics of kinship terms and the overall phraseological meaning while describing possible semantic shifts in the understanding of these phraseological units by modern Russian native speakers. Empirically, the study draws on the newspaper corpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. A broad understanding of phraseology is adopted,...

This article analyses university textbooks on introduction to linguistics. The most commonplace textbook topics present a comprehensive overview of the main problems of linguistics. Yet, many confine themselves to a system-structural approach to language, neglecting or superficially addressing linguistic issues that became a priority at the turn of the 21st century. The topics most frequently covered include the essence of language, language levels, language as a system of signs, the origin of language...

The article studies the organization of the pioneer movement from the perspective of the educational process, allowing for the identification of valuable experience for further use in modern conditions, when a new stage of development of children’s organizations is observed in the Russian Federation. Despite the primary goal of ideological education in the pioneer organization, its activities reflected comprehensive elements such as play, labor education, art, and social education. According to S...

The level of urbanization is steadily increasing and has already surpassed 82 % in Central Russia. Urban ecosystems face environmental imbalances that can be mitigated through the use of green plants. Establishing an ecological framework plays a key role in addressing this issue. Natural ecosystems serve as the cores of the ecological framework. In urbanized areas, these cores may include urban forests, forest parks, and natural ecosystems forming green belts around cities. Using the city of Oryol...

The spatial and temporal distribution of suspended matter in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea was studied in the context of the transition from oxygenated to anoxic conditions. Semi-enclosed water bodies, such as the shallow Baltic Sea, play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon-containing particles, both organic and inorganic, settle within the total suspended matter, making it important to understand the patterns of its distribution. The main sources of suspended matter in the southeastern...

Based on underwater video footage and diver observations, along with previously obtained lithological data, four types of benthic landscapes have been identified on the section of the underwater coastal slope near Cape Taran. The high mosaic distribution of lithofacies and the varying degrees of macrophyte coverage of the seabed have been confirmed. The boulder-block pavement within the euphotic layer of the sea was maximally covered by macrophytes, with Polysiphonia nigrescens as the dominant species...

The article addresses the integration of ethnocultural aspects of the Arctic issues concerning the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Russian Far East (ISNP) into the socio-economic development strategies (SEDS) of the regions and municipalities within the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The study is based on the authors' methodology for content analysis of strategies, which enables the identification of the presence of various Arctic-specific topics in...

While studying the characteristics of the formation and existence of foci of transmissible tick-borne infections, it is essential to consider both natural and anthropogenic factors. The impact of human activity on this process undoubtedly requires constant attention. Retrospective studies conducted in our country and the post-Soviet space within this framework are systematized in this review according to the following periodization: the observation and knowledge accumulation stage; the fundamental...

This article presents the results of a study underpinning the Greening Strategy 2030 for the city of Perm. The research employed SWOT analysis — a technique that emerged within economics. In practice, SWOT analysis can be applied to objects of different scales outside profit-driven contexts to achieve social and socioeconomic purposes. In a broad understand­ing, SWOT analysis focuses on socioeconomic objects, an instance of which is urban green infrastructure. This study identifies and characterises...

The modern world is confronted with a series of global problems, exacerbated by technological advancements. In this context, concerns arise in the public consciousness regarding the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to surpass humans in intellectual and creative activities. The topic of AI creativity becomes pertinent and sparks debates within the scientific community regarding its creative potential. In response to these challenges, members of the Club of Rome in 2018 propose the concept...

The question of whether an artificial moral agent (AMA) is possible implies discussion of a whole range of problems raised by Kant within the framework of practical philosophy that have not exhausted their heuris­tic potential to this day. First, I show the significance of the correlation between moral law and freedom. Since a rational being believes that his/her will is independent of external influences, the will turns out to be governed by the moral law and is autonomous. Morality and freedom...