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This article analyses the understanding of feeling and faith in the late work of F. H. Jacobi Vorrede, zugleich Einleitung in des Verfassers sämtliche philosophisch Schriften. The author emphasises the similarity between the interpretation of faith in F. H. Jacobi’s work and the understanding and definition of faith given by Paul the Apostle in the Epistle to the Hebrews, chapter 11. Feeling, as understood by F. H. Jacobi, is a presupposition of perception of another person as a personality or hypostasis...

In the second half of the twentieth century, similar to other classical concepts of modernity , Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy became an object of postmodern critique, also from the standpoint of feminist philosophy. Feminist critique made it possible to develop a new perspective on Kant’s heritage and identify the influence of the patriarchal tradition in his philosophy. 1. Артемьева О. В. Этика заботы: феминистская альтернатива классической философии // Этическая мысль / отв. ред. А. А....

This article explores the parallels between the Lithuanian movements for national independence in 1917—1920 and 1988—1991 as analyzed in the Anglo-American historiography of the first half of the 1990s. Such scholars as A. Lieven and other authors characterize some main similarities and differences between those movements. These scholars emphasize the ambiguity of the Soviet experience, as well as the internal conflicts within the Lithuanian political elite and demonstrate the productivity of the...

This article considers the method of cluster formation through applying the principles of hierarchical cluster analysis of multidimensional statistical data of factors affecting the competitive advantages of hotel firms and its testing in the Kaliningrad hotel services market. The authors identify the clusters in the Kaliningrad hotel services market and describe the objects most involved in competition, as well as the objects potentially possessing both similar and unique factors affecting their...

This article focuses on the interpretation of Kant’s political philosophy given by V. Gerhardt within his “existential liberalism” and by J. Habermas in the applied part of his communicative theory. The author addresses similarity and complementarity in the identification of political agent and its properties. 1. Кант И. К вечному миру // Соч. : в 6 т. М., 1966. Т. 6. С. 257—347. 2. Кант И. Предполагаемое начало человеческой истории // Избр. : в 3 т.Калининград, 1998. Т. 2 : К вечному миру...

This article analyzes the attitude of Marx and Engels to Kant’s philosophical legacy. The author proposes a similarity between Marx’s idea on nature as a substantive implementation of a human being, their reflection and analog, and Kant’s doctrine of the world of phenomena created by the subject from things-in-themselves. The article criticizes the Marxist interpretation of Kant's philosophy as agnostic and divorced from practice. 1.  Горский Д.   П., Смирнов С.   Н. Актуальные проблемы диалектическо-мате­риалистического...

The article compares the approaches of Immanuel Kant and Pavel Novgorodtsev to the role and importance of humanity and human personality in historical process proposed by I. Kant and P. I. Novgorodtsev. The author analyses the similarities and differences of their positions and defines the main lines of Novgorodtsev’s development of Kant’s methodology. 1.  Кант И. Идея всеобщей истории во всемирно-гражданском плане // Соч.: в 6 т. М., 1966. Т. 6. 2.  Кант И. К вечному миру // Там же. 3.  Кант...

The article analyses the reference of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s to Berdyaev’s philosophy of history and the interpretation and reinterpretation of “The New Middle Ages”. The author defines the differences and similarities of the apocalyptic thinking of the Russian philosopher and the Polish writer. 1.  Бердяев Н.   А. Духи русской революции // Вехи. Из глубины. М., 1991. 2.  Бердяев Н.   А. Новое средневековье // Философия творчества, культуры и искусства: в 2 т. М., 1994. Т. 1. 3.  Приходько...

This article analyses the problems pertaining to the actor of penal legal relations. Through the example of the enforcement of a fine imposed on a juvenile offender, the author shows the interconnection between protective and penal legal relations and emphasises their similarity regarding the actor. 1. Бриллиантов А.   В., Курганов С.   И. Уголовно-исполнительное право Россий­ской Федерации: учебник М., 2009. 2. Копшева К.   О. Уголовно-исполнительное право: учебное пособие. М., 2007. 3. Постатейный...

This article delves into the etymology of the names of the Dnieper rapids of the Ros origin mentioned by Constantine Porphyrogennetos. The author reveals the similarity between these names and the Baltic toponymy. 1.  Александравичюс Ю. Литовский язык. Вильнюс, 1984. 2.  Барсуков Н . Жизнь и труды М.   П. Погодина. СПб., 1903. Кн. 17. 3.  Брайчевский М.   Ю. «Русские» названия порогов у Константина Багряно­родно- го // Земли южной Руси в IX-XIV вв. (история и археология). Киев, 1985...

This paper examines notions used in studying the phenomenon of lobbying. The authors believe that the notion of lobbying should be distinguished from similar but not equivalent terms – advocacy, governmental relations, public relations and public policy. They suggest defining lobbying as pressure exerted by NGO representatives on central and local governments with the aim of forcing them to take (or not to take) decisions to the benefit of interest groups. 1.  Автономов А.   С. Азбука лоббирования...

Environmental and land management systems at the regional level are the main object of management at large. The scripts for developing manage­ment programs include analysis and assessment of the regional environmental ma­nagement system and the history of its setup, identification of the main trends, development of the most rational scenarios for its development and cor­rection based on monitoring. The article considers the main provisions of the concept plan of regional nature management systems...

In the late XX — early XXI centuries, the growth of marine activity is one of the most obvious and significant global trends. The multidimensional "turn" to the Sea is fully inherent in modern Russia. The article attempts to comprehend and conceptualize the effects of the spatial concentration of the national "marine" economy, as well as its complex formation and clusteriza­tion in the framework of the conceptual development of the "strongholds of coastal borderlands"...

Recognizing the leading role of large urban agglomerations in the devel­opment of any region, it should be noted that small towns perform their equal­ly important function as reference points in the regional framework of the set­tlement system. In strategic regions, like the ones of the Western borderland, small towns, inter alia, become significant for ensuring national interests along the state border of Russia. The article presents the author's version of the typology of small towns in the Western...

A northern storm with a wind speed of up to 23 m/s, lasting 10 hours, with a wave height of 7—8 m, accompanied by a rise in sea level by 0.7 m, hit the coast of the Southeastern Baltic Sea in January 2019. The coast of the Rus­sian part of the Curonian Spit was selectively eroded. The most significant erosion was recorded in the near border part of the coast (the foredune retreat­ed from 1 to 4.7 m), as well as in the root section, where the foredune broke through and the adjacent territory was flooded...

The article focuses on the neuropsychology of hearing and the impact of learning on the development of musical ear in various musical fields. The goal is to determine whether there is a difference in the development of tone and interval sound perception among musicians in different areas of study. Zero hypothesis (H0): The lack of dependence of the perception accuracy of sounds and intervals (absolute and relative musical ear) on the field of mu­sical training. Alternative hypothesis (H1): The accuracy...

In this review, we approach Russian terminology in elastography by discussing elastography technique classifications using terms that take into account the essence of physical patterns underlying various elastography techniques. Elastography techniques used in clinical practice are divided into four groups: strain elastography, transient elastography, point shear wave elastography, and 2D shear wave elastography. Based on physical principles, two types are identified: strain elastography and shear...

The geographical location of the Kaliningrad region calls for the coastal factor to play a greater role in the development of the region. Created in the Soviet period, the backbone of local maritime activities is highly polarized along the coastline of the region. Similarly polarized along the coastline is the settlement system, which incorporates both the growing cities of the Kalinin­grad agglomeration and areas of low population density, the latter located primarily along the bays. These circumstances...

Research works aimed at assessing the interaction in the host-parasite system, pay attention to the products of the vital activity of the parasite. Hemozoin is one of the most promising metabolites that can be used for new methods of parasite diagnostics and treatment. It is known that hemozoin is produced by parasites causing schistosomiasis and malaria. Recent research has shown that hemozoin is produced by the hepatic trematode Opisthorchis felineus, but the effects associated with the presence...

The article studies the sectoral structure of employment and the gross regional product, the similarities and differences of the region from other bordering coastal regions of Russia through the economic and statistical analysis of indicators of population dynamics. The benefits of the coastal and borderline positions are not fully exploited by the region, that is, those types of economic activity and production that could successfully develop are relatively poorly represented here. Conditioned by...

The article examines the emergence and development of Crimea (including Sevastopol) as Russia’s fourth exclave. Using the typology of the world’s enclave areas as objects of political geography, the author identifies distinctive characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea (the Crimean federal district) and compares them to other national and international enclaves. Another focus is the evolution of both territories from the national exclaves within the USSR into external ones. The author...

On the basis of 1948—2011 materials, this article characterises the zooplankton of three large lakes of similar age and origin found at different trophic stages and in different landscapes of the Pskov region. It is shown that the structural features of the organization and direction of succession of zooplankton communities are directly dependent on the landscape and genesis of the lake basin and, in their turn, can be used as an indicator of the successional stage of the aquatic ecosystem. 1. Абросов...

This article considers the heavy metal accumulation capacity of wild mushroomson on the basis of calculating the concentration and biological uptake coefficients. An analysis of these data shows that some mushroom species have a high selective capacity for cadmium (B. edulis) and zinc accumulation (R. decolorans) independent of the concentration of these elements in the substrate. A higher concentration of heavy metals was detected in the Russulaceae picked on the Sambia peninsula in comparison to...

This article focuses on the similarity and differences between the morphometric characteristics of subfossil shells of bivalve molluscs found in the wrack zone of the Kaliningrad beaches of the Baltic Sea. It is established that the most stable feature of the species level is the number of radial ribs and the most volatile one is the ω coefficient describing the content of calcium in the environment of the Cardiidae. 1. Бирштейн Я. А. Годовые изменения бентоса Северного Каспия // Зоологический журнал...

This article addresses the structure and dynamics of current and temperature fields in the coastal zone of a large water body generated by seasonal variations of heat-exchange conditions at the water surface. Numerical solutions of three-dimensional hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic models MIKE3-FlowModel in shallow and deep parts of the basin are compared. It is shown that the structure of fields is reproduced adequately by both models and water currents are similar; however, the hydrostatic model...

Some peculiarities of heavy metals concentrations in the accumulating layer of the urban soils and leafs of Acer platanoides and Populus alba are presented. Dependence between physical and chemical features, geochemical structure of landscapes, concentration and distribution of heavy metals is established. Correlation between similar parameters and concentration of heavy metals in leaves is not found out. 1.  Алаев Э.   Б. Социально-экономическая гео­графия: понятийно-терминоло­гический словарь...

This article focuses on the endocrine function in flatworms. It is implemented with the help of two groups of hormones. Several centres of neurosecretory cell localisation were discovered in the nervous system of flatworms. The hormonal signal is transmitted with the help of adenylate cyclase system, which is peculiar to vertebrates. Endogenous steroids – sex steroids and glycocorticoids — were detected in some flatworm species. These data suggest that flatworms have an endocrine system, whose structural...

The classification presented covers 3 vegetation types, 14 formation classes, 35 formation groups, 64 formations (57 on the Aral Sea and 45 on the Caspian Sea coast). A comparative phytocoenotic diversity analysis showed close similarity (0,76). Most formations are formed by halophytes (45). 1. Акжигитова Н.   И. Галофильная растительность и ее индикационные свой­ства. Ташкент, 1982. 2. Александрова В.   Д. Классификация растительности. Л., 1969. 3. Ботаническая география Казахстана и Средней...