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This article provides a comparative analysis of the influence of the two great German thinkers — Immanuel Kant and Gottfried Leibnitz — on the Russian philosophy of the 19th/20th centuries. The ideas of metaphysical personalists and neo-Leibnizians (E. A. Bobrov, A. A. Kozlov, S. A. Alekseev (Askoldov), N. O. Lossky, and V. Salagova) are invoked to demonstrate the main arguments of the critique of Kantianism and neo-Kantianism in Russian philosophy. It is shown that the ideas of Russian neo-Leibnizians...

This article analyses the system of inferences used by Kant in Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason to demonstrate the existence of evil disposition (Gesinnung). The author be¬lieves that, in this work, Kant introduces two innovations in respect of the fundamental project presented in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. He emphasises that freedom is not justified and postulates a transcendental structure similar to the unity of transcendental apperception in order to unify all volitions...

This article considers the circumstances of the appearance of Kant’s remarks on the last book of M. Mendelssohn Morgenstunden… in relation to its analysis in L. G. von Jakob’s work. It is explained why Kant had to participate in debates with his opponents, despite the resolution to avoid them and concentrate on constructing a consistent and thus solid and effective system of philosophy. The significance of Kant’s small polemic works lies in that they explain the key elements of his system. Due to...

The issue of reflecting the ethno-cultural interaction between the Old Believers and Mus­lims in regions with a traditional prevalence of Islamic culture in the 18th—19th centuries is considered in the works of A. S. Pushkin and L. N. Tolstoy. The conclusion is substantiated that both writers leaned towards the necessity of uniting Christianity and Islam based on common moral principles inherent in these religions. The continuity of the artistic tradition of the 19th century is emphasized, and similar...

The article discusses the similarities and differences between the research methodology of the mental lexicon and language consciousness. Most studies of language consciousness do not differ in any significant way from studies of the mental lexicon, and this is not recognized or is hushed up by their authors. The problem of their differentiation is connected with the definition of language consciousness. The author of the article defines it as a psycholinguistic concept that shows how the internal...

The article discusses the issue of maintaining psychological health in men and women of senile age in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 100 respondents aged 74 to 98, living in a family and in a nursing home. Negative characteristics of psychological health in men and women of senile age were revealed: low level of life satisfaction, low mental activation and emotional tone, high level of stress. A higher level of anxiety and more pronounced depressive tendencies were...

The article analyses the possibilities of using procedural texts for the formation and assessment of the functional literacy of elementary school students on the basis of an independent assessment of the results of primary education within the framework of the PSHPU Quality Cluster project. This study relies on the method of comparative analysis of Russian and foreign scientific sources, the principle of unity of historical and logical. The methodological foundations of the research are the concepts...

The topic “duality” in novel “The damned place”, written by M. I. Voskresensky, little known author of the “second line” is revealed through the changes the main character has undergone within three years and female twin-images, who look similar, but differ in nature. Duality plays a significant role in novel’s plot, it reveals characters’ personalities. At the same time duality of female images becomes a moment of their testing, examination of their morality and feelings. Male images (Linsky and...

The article offers a comparative analysis of phraseological units with the component cердце / cœur / Herz in the Russian, French and German lan­guages. As a result, not only the similarity of semantic attraction in the idi­oms of the languages of unrelated families is revealed, but also the factors that determine the difference in the semantic charge of both nuclear and differential semes. The proposed corpus of illustrative material allows us to solve a num­ber of problems of the national-cultural...

The protest against outdated patterns of self-image and the inability to defend modern patterns self-image becomes traditional contradiction in teen­ager’s self-determination. Difficulties of self-determination in the real rela­tionship define teenager’s escapism and search for the value of self-image in a virtual existence. This study highlights the mechanisms and conditions under which escapism becomes dangerous for adolescents, distorts their self-image, and contributes to the loss of its adequacy...

The study analyzes the definitions of terms that name the main regulato­ry documents for top-level medical personnel: “clinical recommendations”, “clinical guidelines”, “diagnostic and treatment protocol”. The article com­pares the terminological phrases with the keywords “recommendations”, “management” and “protocol”, multicomponent units that name specific va­rieties of these documents. It was revealed that a large number of syntagmatic connections of the main term and its derivatives (attributive...

The article is focuses on the interaction of artistic and scientific discours­es: scientific thinking into poetry. Based on two poems (Dom filozofa by Czesław Miłosz and The Painter Dreaming in the Scholar’s House by How­ard Nemerov), the author examines the possibilities of thinking about cogni­tive problems in the space of poetry. Reincarnating as their characters (philos­opher and artist), Miłosz and Nemerov work in the subject area of professional cognitive scientists, they reproduce the process...

The threat is one of the most effective ways to influence an interlocutor’s be­havior because it directly affects his or her personal interests. De­pending on the con­text, a threat may take various forms, which can be at odds with the traditional idea of both the structure of a threat and its linguistic markers. Threats are frequently used in contemporary po­litical discourse, which is gov­erned by norms and conventions. The radicaliza­tion of communication is a re­sult of social and economic problems...

This article considered Beckett’s French short stories through the prism of philosophical and aesthetic foundations of modernist music. The rejection of tonal hierarchies by dodecaphonists to transcend the limits of the traditional sonic semiosis can be compared to Beckett’s aspiration to go beyond the ‘fetish’ of words. The study emphasizes similarities between the creative systems of Beckett and the Second Viennese School/neoclassicists. The commonalities range from the work with patterns, which...

The paper examines nonce words in James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake, par­ticularly those originating from the Russian language. The research aims at defining word-formation patterns of the units in question and studying limi­tations of their interlanguage translation. Based on morphemic and word-formation analysis of the English deviated lexical units, as well as a compre­hensive comparative analysis of the occasional words in the source and target languages, various types and grades of the lexical deviations...

Sigmund Freud and Hugo von Hofmannsthal are among the most im­portant representatives of the world culture of the beginning of the 20th centu­ry, which was equally influenced by science and arts. The creative work of the Aus­trian poet Hofmannsthal, also a dramatist and a writer, is a good example of this kind of symbiosis. The remaining part of Hofmannsthal’s library, his letters to other cultural influencers (Arthur Schnitzler, Hermann Bahr, Carl Burckhardt, Ernst Chladni) and the memories of him...

This article is devoted to the terminological analysis of F. de Saussure's 1872—1911 authentic texts. A component analysis makes it possible to identify the characteristics of formation of general linguistic terms. It is established that F. de Saussure's terminology (118 preterms) is based on existing lexical units of different systems. Tectological mechanisms transformed Saussure’s terminology into a linguistic terminological system consisting of 36 scientific terms. 1. Cardona T. R. Négativité...

This article considers the means to express appeal in public service announcements in the Russian, German, and English languages. Attention is paid to the characteristic features of appeal as a directive speech act. The comparative aspect of research makes it possible to identify both similarities and differences in using means of appeal in public service announcement discourse in Russian, German, and English. 1. Изотов А. И. Функционально-семантическая категория императивности в современном чешском...

The article considers artistic strategies of creating personal worlds of fic-tional chacracters in the works of Tatyana Tolstaya. These strategies include lingvopoetics of communication failures (“Peters”), “cinematic” lingvopoetics (“The River Okkervil”) lingvopoetics of insight (“Night”), lingvopoetics of deixis and the similarity (the novel “Light worlds”). The article analyses the way these strategies affect the formation of conceptual textual meanings. 1. Словарь русского языка : в 4 т. / под...

The authors examine intertextual links between N. Kononov's story «Eugenia's Genius» (1998) and the myth of Cupid and Psyche from Apuleius «Metamorphoses, or The Golden Ass» by Apuleius, »Light breath» by I. A. Bunin and Roman M. Kundera's «The Unbearable Lightness of Being». The authors explore the role of these relations in the formation of the artistic concepts of «soul» and «body» in N. Kononov's works. The authors аnalyse similarities of N. Kononov's texts with the above mentioned works in their...

The focus of the article is on various aspects of the creative identity of an author of a mnemonic text represented by the concept of cognitive and communicative subject. The features of the author’s cognitive, communicative, discursive, and linguistic identities are described and the ways of their representation are shown in the case of the memoirs of the Lithuanian writer B. Sruoga Dievų miškas. The term ‘mnemonic discourse’ is introduced as a linguistic phenomenon connecting texts with the general...

This article provides a comparative analysis of the mechanisms of education policies pursued by the governments of Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The authors identify similarities and differences in the funding mechanisms, direction of reforms, the role of education system modernization in the innovative development of the Baltic Sea region, and the mechanisms of technological development through introducing innovations in education and science. The general education...

This article presents the results of a study into the psychophysiological characteristics of beach volleyball players – a recently introduced Olympic sport. Current research and methodological literature focuses primarily on competitive activities, training, and physical competences. The authors de-scribe the psychological status of a beach volleyball player and present psy-chomotor indicators that can be used as benchmark characteristics in selecting and diagnosing players. For the first time, the...

This article analyzes the opposition of open and enclosed space in the novels of Jena and Heidelberg romantics, considering its relation to the problems of artist’s personality and freedoms. An analysis of similar space images used by several authors shows how the tradition was reinterpreted at different stages of romantic thought. Stepping out into the open, which expresses liberation from limitations imposed on the individual, is one of the key motives in the novels of Jena period, while the Heidelberg...

This article compares the poetics of two works by Hesse and Frisch brought together by a similar topic and complex of motives up to identical plot elements. It is shown that the problem of self-identification is solved differently by two writers: Hesse’s solution lies in Klein’s rejection of the role and mask of Wagner, which was imposed on him by the society, through a voluntary death, whereas Frisch’s character Stiller faces desolation and shows outward acceptance of his name and role still rejecting...

After 1900, literary manifestations of subjectivity underwent serious changes, which contributed to the increasing diversity and synthesis of means to create a literary reality. Daniel Kehlmann’s novel I and Kaminski (2003) is analysed from this perspective. Its text is compared with poetic works of German authors, which makes it possible to identify similarities and understand the general trends in modern culture 1. Кондратьев К. В. Кризис идеи и феномена субъекта в пространстве ново-временного...

This paper sets out to examine empirical implications of the multifunc-tional system applicability of unemployment preventionism among young people at colleges and universities in Russia. A statistical analysis of the data obtained proved the efficiency of experimental training contributing to the de-velopment of key professional activities in students based on the proposed model of a pedagogical system for preventing unemployment among Russian students. An interval scale for assessing the development...

In everyday life, the words "information" and "knowledge" are often used to explain each other, which leads to tautology. In pedagogical literature, the situation is similar. Through comparing the notions of "information" and "knowledge", the author analyses the philosophical and pedagogical approaches to education within the concepts of “information society” and “knowledge society” and discusses the results of misuse of these terms in the context of target...

The paper deals with some peculiarities of translating colloquial and lowcolloquial vocabulary functioning in the novels of S. Maugham into Russian. The features of translation equivalents are identified at the stylistic and semantic levels. The ways of compensating for the lost components of meaning are shown. In spite of that the colloquial and low-colloquial elements belong to typologically different languages, some similarities are observed at semantic and stylistic levels. 1. Кожина М. Н. Стилистический...

This article analyses the linguistic characteristics of similes in the works of modern American writer Khaled Hosseini. It provides an interpretation of the semantic, structural, and pragmatic features of comparative structures containing a comparison concept and a concept under comparison that have a referential ...

V. Vysotsky’s poetry is typologically close to the principles of the “rough style” Soviet painting of the 1960s. The author outlines the promising areas of comparative analysis and addresses the issue of typological similarities between different texts within the field of a common cultural and historical situation of the Khrushchev era. 1. Бобриков А. Суровый стиль: мобилизация и культурная революция // Художественный журнал. 2003. № 51/52 : [сайт]. URL: http://xz.gif.ru/numbers/51-52/surovo (дата...

This article identifies the means of expressing simile in literary texts. The author described the individual stylistic and graphic-expressive characteristics of linguistic units in the framework the implementation of their morphological and syntactic features in N. Sukhov's prose. 1. Девятова ...

The article is dedicated to research on individual and typological features of female convicts. Mentally-deviated and drug-addicted female convicts participated in the study as respondents. The results obtained allow speaking about the similarity of individual and typological characteristics of mentallydeviated and drug-addicted female convicts, which should be taken in account in psychic treatment in penal colonies. 1.  Собчик Л.   Н. Диагностика индивидуально-личностных свойств и межлич­ностных...

The article focuses on the symbolism of colour terms in European languages. The authors explore and analyze similarities and differences in the use of particular colours as symbols in fixed colour collocations in Russian and English. This analysis helps to establish common microsystems of symbolic meanings in both languages. 1.  Алимпиева Р.   В. Семантическая структура слова «белый» // Во­просы се­мантики. Вып. 2. Л., 1976. С. 17—27. 2.  Гвоздарев Ю.   А. Рассказы о русской...

Due to the rapid criminalization of credit relations and the widespread theft of bank loans, committed mainly by groups of fraudsters, the forensic sci­ence faces a serious problem of developing an effective method for investigat­ing crimes of this nature. The method must include recommendations for identifying signs of complicity, defining the group of people involved in the theft, their arrest and proof of guilt. At the same time, the research of this kind is impossible without the study of typical...

The paper considers methodological aspects of profiling as an unconventional technique studied by criminology and focuses on the main fields used by profiling abroad and in Russia. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological base with which it is possible to use profiling as a searching technique in forensic science. The study analyses similarities and differences between the compilation of a criminal’s psychological portrait and profiling. Based on comparative and retrospective analyses...

The article is devoted to the analysis of the behaviour of bidders in the global gold market affected by short-term and medium-term geopolitical dis­turbances. The direction, volume, speed and time range of investments in gold are determined depending on the nature of geopolitical threats. Based on non-economic factors, the author reveals the main patterns of making trivial and non-trivial decisions on investing in gold. The first part of the article de­scribes the influence of geopolitical processes...

The topicality of this pilot study is predetermined by the necessity to op­timize cross-cultural interaction in polyethnic regions by means of revelation of its subjects’ sociological portrait. In this research, the author attempts to experimentally investigate the nature of cross-cultural interaction in master­ing a macro-mediator language in the academic discourse. A sce­nario of the standardized interview has been used as a method of research. The sce­nario features various factors of personality...

The authors analysed the lists of immigrants to the Pravdinsky district in 1946, which are stored in the State Archive of the Kaliningrad Region. The ar­ticle describes the main features of compiling echelon lists of immigrants and receiving echelons from Russia and Belarus. The authorsstudied the differ­ences in the design of similar documents and the difficulties that arise when extracting information from them. A wide variety of sources available in the archive makes it possible to obtain diverse...

This article presents a comparative hagiographic analysis of the life and martyrdom of Adalbert of Prague, who was extremely popular in Central Europe X—XII centuries, and hagiographies and old Russian chronicles re­lated geographically to the events that took place in the basin of the Upper Oka. The author identified several direct and indirect parallels of the plot. Among them, there is a description of the activities of the Adalbert-Gaudentius brothers and the legendary Radim and Vyatko brothers...

This research aims to determine the characteristics of the perception of environmental risks using the case of a salt deposit in the Kaliningrad region as an example. To achieve this aim, the author analyzed the social and cultural determinants of the population. The grid-group analysis was used as a sup­porting technique for the identification of cultural determinants. The follow­ing cultural determinants were identified: individualism, hierarchism, fatal­ism and egalitarianism. Social determinants...

Relations between Russia and India in the academic and research space have been developing long. In modern history, the two countries act as strate­gic partners that aim at common development of priority areas of knowledge with high potential for the commercialization of results and the generation of innovations. The article assesses the potential for enhancing Russian-Indian interaction in various fields of scientific knowledge. The geography of the study is 268 cities of India and 44 cities of...

The article studies the development of integration processes in Europe and Eurasia. The purpose of scientific research is to identify the similarities and differences between European and Eurasian integration. The theoretical relevance of the research lies in the comparison of the integration processes re­garding the analysis of demographic and socio-economic development indica­tors of the EU and EAEU countries, as well as the integration mechanisms and instruments. The research comes to the conclusion...

In this contribution, we analyse convergence within the integrative con­cept of legal thinking. Our article responds to the deficiencies of the estab­lished jurisprudence methodology, which is unable either to incorporate new facets of law or to provide a new perspective on the understanding of law. We investigate how the principle of uncertainty and complementarity works in the theory of law and explain why these principles have a similar effect within the concepts of integrative legal thinking...

The article analyses one of the largest synoptic publications in the field of history and theory of state and law, published in Russia. The author describes many methodology research schools of Russian jurisprudence and explores their differences and similarities with international research tradition.

This article examines fundamental and applied approaches to energy security. The authors explore differences and similarities in the views of scientists and politicians on the issue and analyse energy security policies pursued in Poland and Russia (the Kaliningrad region). On this basis, the authors propose rational principles for solving the problem of energy security in the region. 1. Ергин Д. Добыча: Всемирная история борьбы за нефть, деньги и власть. М., 2011. 2. Косов Ю. В., Маллон В. Глобальная...

This article focuses on the characteristics of demographic development of the Kaliningrad region during the reform, crisis, and collapse of the Soviet administrative and political system. Priority attention is given to changes in the population reproduction model. It is concluded that the main trends in the regional population development were similar to the national ones, at the same time retaining the regional age. 1. Демографическая модернизация России, 1900—2000 / под ред. А. Г. Вишневского...

The article evaluates the achievements of Russian pre-revolutionary civil law as the basis for modern civil law. The author identifies the basic elements of the Russian system of civil law, which are unique in their character. The author draws a conclusion about certain similarities in defining the legal position of the state in pre-revolutionary and contemporary Russia. It is necessary to develop new concepts of state participation in civil relations. 1. Бондарь Т. В. Государственная корпорация...

This article analyses approaches to developing the concept of the ‘subject of law’. The author considers different perspectives on identifying similarities and differences between the categories of the ‘subject of law’, ‘subject of a legal relationship’, and ‘personal with legal personality’. It is concluded that the category of ‘subject of law’ should be developed in the context of interdisciplinary studies. 1. Большой юридический словарь / под ред. А. В. Малько. М., 2010. 2. Алексеев С. С. Право:...

This article compares a cognitive approach to argumentation with message production. The author distinguishes between two kinds of cognitive approaches to argumentation. Certain similarities and differences between D. Hample’s and V. Bryushinkin’s concepts are analysed. The most influential conceptions of message production are considered. The connection between message production and argumentorics is examines. 1. Баранов А. Н., Сергеев В. М. Естественноязыковая аргументация в логике практического...