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... concept of personality in Ethics of Pure Will is based on Cohen’s logic of the origin expounded in the first part of his system in The Logic of Pure Cognition. Cohen explains that the origin of the self-consciousness of I as a personality is not the external world, but another person, i.e. Thou. In turn, the partnership relationships between I and Thou create the community We which forms the basis of the law-governed state. The process of artistic creation in the framework of inter-personal relationship ...

In modern theoretical analytical philosophy, the interest in Kant is primarily due to discussions on the nature of sensory perceptions, on the epistemological status of experience, and on the so-called ‘constructivism’. The conflict of interpretations goes so far that some consider Kant to be a conceptualist, while others consider him an anti-conceptualist. For some, he is an internalist and, for others, an externalist. For some, he is a constructivist and, for others is a realist. This paper develops...

... odds with the idea of a redistributive justice. At this point, it will be very useful to notice that the first two principles of justice in holdings of Robert Nozick roughly corresponds to the first two sections of Kant’s theory of acquisition of external things in the private right. Finally, I will sketch an objection against political uses of a principle of historical rectification of acquisitions. The principle of rectification is the third and last principle of Nozick’s entitlement theory ...

... Thinking sets itself as the goal and objective, which emphasises the self-expanding nature of thinking, the original self-generation. Initially, thinking is one of the meanings of the term ‘pure’, which suggests that thinking in itself — rather than external influences — is an impetus for the movement,. It is concluded that, having overcome the dualism of reception and spontaneity, critical idealism received a positive impulse. They are consistent with each other, because the idea — understood ...

... levels of activity of consciousness which are associated with the three stages of education — family education, school and stage of free adult self-education. The last stage represents a “lifelong” process and ideally shouldn’t be bounded by any external factors. Natorp expects that developing German system of “folk academies” becomes a basis for implementation of this ideal in practice. He specifies that matter of people’s education should be responsibility of “secular clergy” — ...

... methodological pluralism and identified four theoretical and two practical concepts of law. The neo-Kantian motive in Kistyakovsky's theory manifested itself in the reference to the normative nature of legal rules and law in general and its independence of any external authorities or internal motivations of human behavior. According to Kistyakovsky, the rational element of legal rules is their key characteristic. Not unlike concepts, law is created by reason, without which legal rules cannot be formulated. ...

.... 35—50. 16. Pap A. Elements of analytical philosophy. N.Y., 1949. 17. Preston A. The implications of recent work in the history of analytic philosophy // Bertrand Russell Society Quarterly. 2005. № 125. 18. Price H. H. Hume’s theory of the external world. Oxford, 1940. 19. Putnam H. Realism with a human face. Cambridge, 1990. 20. Rorty R. Philosophy and the mirror of nature. Princeton, 1979. 21. Ryle G. Taking sides in philosophy // Collected Essays. L., 1971. Vol. 2. P. 153—169. ...

... human activity that represent the rejection of the values of a hostile ideology: appearance, leisure, work, moral principles, upbringing and re-education of the younger generation in the right ideological way. A connection is established between the external and internal manifestations of ideological attitudes, which is especially pronounced in the professional sphere. The authors show that ideological differences in their abstract form are associated with visual and auditory images (photos and media)....

... this is not recognized or is hushed up by their authors. The problem of their differentiation is connected with the definition of language consciousness. The author of the article defines it as a psycholinguistic concept that shows how the internal and external factors for the functioning of a language as a human property are associated with changes in the meanings and senses of linguistic signs. This definition gives way to comparative psycholinguistic research, in which the comparison is based on ...

... approaches the forms of free indirect speech. The linguistic features of the AAIM actualize the subject-speech plan of the narrator and the character. Stylistic elements and syntactic constructions make up Chekhov’s polyphonic narrative. Quotations in external speech organize the dialogization of the AAIM. It dramatizes the characters’ stream of thinking. On the contrary, the subject-analytical AAIM excludes the speech identity of the characters. It conveys the general content of reflection, but ...

... functional-communicative approach, a complex of semasiological and onomasiological methods. The composition of the collocations, the internal organizational structure of the lexical set, subjectivity and objectivity, key words’ functions, internal or external transitivity / intransitivity, structural-semantic models, series of collocations, subject codes, pragmatic components of the meanings of collocations are described. The elements of linguistic and mental memory model are revealed. The author ...

... different nature— usually with folk magic prophecies. The article presents a set of criteria that clearly distinguish between the two. The most important criterion is the focus on action (or rejection thereof) in magical prophecies and the principled external eventfulness in signs. A sharp delineation between the two objects opens up the possibility for their further interdisciplinary re­search. 1. Байбурин А. К. Ритуал в традиционной культуре. Структурно-семанти­че­ский ...

The poetry and plays of A.S. Pushkin serve as the material for identifying the lexical–semantic paradigm of means of explicating the idea of the beautiful in its external and eternal manifestations. 1. Алимпиева Р. В. Лексема прекрасный в эстетической системе А. С. Пушкина и ее этнокультурный аспект // Актуальные проблемы ...

... development of its economic system. With this approach, it becomes possible to adjust the economic policies by changing the regimes if, for a predetermined period, the target indicators are not achieved for any reason. The author proposes to divide the external environment in which the state acts as an economic agent into two zones. The first is the part of the world economic area, the regulation of which has the authority of a particular state as an economic agent. The second is the part of the global ...

... of the attorney for the defense on the jury; the influence of certain emotions of the jury on the final verdict in the case; determines the character of certain evidence and circumstances of the criminal case upon the jury; establishes the degree of external communication influence on the jury. The conclusion is made about the necessity of developing applied solutions of supporting the prosecution in the court of jury on the basis of interdisciplinary approach.

... trends are valid only at the national level. Differentiation and the gap on a number of indicators are fixed with respect to the group of Western Russian cities located in the border regions. It refutes the hypothesis on their advanced development due to external contact capacity (except the advanced indicators’ values on trade, driven by the role of logistical and transit centers). The study of differentiation using k-means clustering identified 5 clusters in all major cities of Russia. It allowed ...

... the legislation. The situational crime prevention was chosen as the optimal theo­retical framework for practical and legislative measures that affect the crime situation. The purpose of situational crime prevention is to neutralize or re­duce the external factors which let the criminal commit crimes more easily and introduce some barriers to it (ensuring protection, limiting the availabil­ity of funds and tools) or reduce the benefits from the criminal act (identifica­tion marks, increased surveillance)....

The number of federal states in the modern world is extremely small. The Federal Republic of Germany is the largest and most famous federation in Eu­rope. However, German democracy and German federalism are often perceived as externally imposed political values as a result of the country's defeat in World War II. Such an attitude needs revising. Of course, Germany did not have the same deep tradition of parliamentarism as France or Great Britain, or federalism like the United ...

.... The author compares factors, which affected the formation of the Lithuanian statehood, analyses the country’s relations with the neighbouring states and describes the Soviet-Polish and the Soviet- German relations. A high degree of dependence on external influence and numerous internal weakness of the country influenced the establishment of the geographical borders of Lithuania. 1. Внешняя политика СССР : сб. док. : в 5 т. / отв. ред. С. А. Лозовский ...

... economic processes and phe­nomena. In analysing existing approaches to the state and the socio-economic evolution, I emphasise the need to develop a special approach – a behavioural geoeconomics. It perceives states as single-order actors in the external and in­ternal segments of the economic space. I propose to treat states as economic agents of a special type, which have resources, fulfil a target function, and in­teract with organisations and households. I conclude that a behavioural geoe­conomics ...

This article examines scientific approaches to scenario planning and analyses the algorithm of business development scenarios. The authors summarise a vast array of information. An analysis of external and internal environment of the fishing industry is carried out and the problems of regional industry development are identified and systematised. Based on a strategic analysis of the regional fishing industry, different development scenarios ...

... обращения: 21.12.2016). 12. Heininen L. Arctic Strategies and Policies: Inventory and Comparative Study.Akureyri, 2012. 13. Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council. An integrated European Union policy for the Arctic // European Union External Action. URL: http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/arctic_region/docs/160427_joint-communication-an-integrated-euro... (дата обращения: 01.05.2017). 14. Remarks by Minister for Foreign Affairs Margot Wallström at Arctic Frontiers ...

... эконометрика. 2009. № 2 (4). С. 39—46. 21. Calderon C., Serven L. The effect of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution // World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Number 3400, September 2004. URL: http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/0,,contentMDK:20699179~pagePK:64214825~... (дата обращения: 01.03.2016). 22. Структура инвестиций в основной капитал по источникам финансирования. Федеральная ...

The article deals with the phenomenon of idealism in 18th century European science. The author focuses on the methods and images of constructing a philosophical model that Kant borrowed from his predecessors. The status of existence of the external world in the space of Berkeley’s philosophy and its influence on Kant’s system are analysed as one of the key issues of idealism. The author seeks to familiarize the reader with the contentious issues relating to the problem of identity of ...

This article presents generalized approaches to the concept of organizational changes. The main factors of internal and external environment influencing the introduction of changes at a construction company are identified and grouped. A factor analysis is performed on the basis of an expert survey, the response consistency is estimated with the help of Cronbach's alpha ...

... crisis; its further restoration and growth depend on different factors: abrupt and not always predictable changes in the world economic situation, dynamics and fluctuations of oil prices, inflow and outflow of capital from financial markets, and other external economic and political factors. However, there is increasing awareness that the restoration and growth largely depend on internal fundamental factors: modernisation of economy and the prospects of increase in national labour productivity. 1....

This article analyses the internal and external factors of social security in Russia in the late 2000s. The author pays special attention to the polysemy of the concept of social security and the problems of deviant behaviour. 1.  Очирова А. Социальная безопасность ...

The Kaliningrad region, as an exclave of the Russian Federation, which does not have common borders with the main part of the country, is significantly dependent in its development on the external situation, including the military-political environment. The latter determines the ratio of the military and civilian components of regional development, as well as the military-strategic significance of the region for Russia, the number and ...

... development and distribution of production, including agricultural production, common to the country, are also characteristic of the exclave Kaliningrad region. However, spatial isolation from other Russian regions causes, firstly, a greater dependence on external geoeconomic and geopolitical factors and, secondly, a clearer manifestation of the patterns of spatial differentiation in the economy. Research methods are based on the spatio-temporal analysis of statistical data, using methods of comparative ...

... Russian Federation, in particular, SDG 14 “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”). The region is also highly integrated into various international relations and market interactions, exposed to external restrictions and regulations, primarily within the European Union and the Baltic Sea region. The methodology and the data analysis of the main accounts for the shelf sea of the Kaliningrad region was based on the principles and approaches of ...

The coastal area of Russia is a dynamically developing region of the coun­try, the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of which has grown significant­ly in recent decades due to changes in the external conditions of development. The differences in the socio-economic development of the coastal area of Russia are reflected in the numerous gradients of the migration situation, the study of which determines the purpose of this article. The study ...

The combination of two major economic and geographical factors — the presence of the border and access to the sea — largely determine the features of socio-economic development of the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia and, as a consequence, the migration processes here. The purpose of the article is to identify the importance of these factors for migration in the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia. The study showed that almost all the studied regions use their...

... in the Greater Black Sea region. The article de­scribes the specifics of exports and imports commodity structure with core partner countries. It is revealed that large-scale changes in the foreign trade of the Republic of Crimea were influenced by external restrictions (sanctions and blockades) and the process of reorientation of Crimean enterprises to domestic commodity markets. Foreign trade is concluded to be the least stable segment of the Crimean economy.

After the demise of the USSR the Kaliningrad region became a Russian exclave, geographically separated from the rest of Russia by foreign states. The development of the region became dependent on external factors, including Russia’s political relations with foreign countries, NATO and EU. Geopoliti­cal changes required adjustments in the region’s socio-economic development strategy. In the period of 1991 to 2018 three comprehensive strategies ...

... Европейское обозрение общественных наук. 2014. Т. 1, № 2. С. 6—24. 14. Regulation (EC) № 1931/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 laying down rules on local border traffic at the external land borders of the Member States and amending the provisions of the Schengen Convention. URL: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:405:0001:0022:EN:PDF (дата обращения: 22.02.2017). 15. Straz Graniczna....

... Cross Border Cooperation // European Commission : [official website]. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/neighbourhood/cross-border- cooperation_en (дата обращения: 04.05.2019). Kivikari U., Lindstrоm M., Lihuto K. The external economic relations of the Ka­liningrad Region. Turku school of economics and business administration, Dis­cus­sion. Kaliningrad, 1998. Klemeshev A., Fedorov G., Zverev Yu. et al. Concept of development of the Kali­nin­grad region under the ...

... подходы к кор­рекции : автореф. дис. … д-ра мед. наук. СПб., 2010. Опросник KDQOL-SF™ 1.3 Заболевание почек и качество жизни. URL: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/www/external/health/surveys_tools/ kdqol/kdqoltransl10_zrw.pdf (дата обращения: 11.10.2018). Инструкция по обработке данных, полученных с помощью опросника SF // Компания Эвиденс....

... distinctive characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea (the Crimean federal district) and compares them to other national and international enclaves. Another focus is the evolution of both territories from the national exclaves within the USSR into external ones. The author analyses general characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea from the perspective of their enclave/ exclave status. On this basis, Crimea is classified as a quasi-enclave. Special attention is given to the geographic ...

The biological parameters of environment, such as the period of phenological phenomena, tree-rings, and physiological reactions in plants react to external and internal changes in the conditions of growth that can be used as indicators of the environment, its condition and changes. This article identifies the differences in the thermodynamic reactions of trees growing in areas with different seismicity....

The article continues the analysis of the social and economical development of the Baltic Sea region, conducted by Baltic Center for Advanced Studies and Education (BaltCASE) in frames of the research project «Russia and EU: Past, Present, Future». 1.  Балтийский регион как полюс экономической интеграции Северо-Запада Российской Федерации и Европейского союза / под ред. В.   П. Гутника, А.   П. Клемешева. Калининград: Изд-во РГУ им. И. Канта, 2006. 2.  Российский статистический ежегодник: стат...

... authors determine the epizootic bacteria species pathogenic for the eel. The seasonal dynamics of species diversity of bacteria in the eel's microflora helps to determine how bacteria penetrate the organism of the eel (in spring) and are forced into external environment (in autumn) and to prove the existence of microflora “depot-organs” in the organism of the fish. 1 . Хлопников М.   М. Кормовая емкость Вислинского залива для бентосоядных ...

The specific features of mammals' behaviour in response to external information is determined by innate mechanisms and experience acquired through ontogenesis. The author genetically defines the unstable boundaries of behavioural responses and offers a methodology of research on quantitative animal-habitat interaction....

... with other factors (freshness, slow water flow) creates conditions for cyanobacterial «hyperblooms». Probably, the 1990-2000 climate warming is the cause of the eutrophication of the Curonian Lagoon, which continues despite significant reduction in external nutrient load. 1. Александров С.   В., Дмитриева О.   А. Первичная продукция и показатели фитопланктона как критерии евтрофирования Куршского ...

... theoretical investigations of the biomedical science. The role of immune memory in different diseases is ambiguous and may have both positive and negative consequences. It necessitates the search for effective ways of its regulation (by either endocrine or external influence), which, in some cases (infectious and tumourous disease), aim to strengthen and, in other cases (autoimmune diseases and allergy), to suppress (weaken) the immune processes. The factors affecting the formation of immunological memory ...